University of Oklahoma

About: University of Oklahoma is a education organization based out in Norman, Oklahoma, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Radar. The organization has 25269 authors who have published 52609 publications receiving 1821706 citations. The organization is also known as: OU & Oklahoma University.

Green-up dates in the Tibetan Plateau have continuously advanced from 1982 to 2011

Abstract: As the Earth's third pole, the Tibetan Plateau has experienced a pronounced warming in the past decades. Recent studies reported that the start of the vegetation growing season (SOS) in the Plateau showed an advancing trend from 1982 to the late 1990s and a delay from the late 1990s to 2006. However, the findings regarding the SOS delay in the later period have been questioned, and the reasons causing the delay remain unknown. Here we explored the alpine vegetation SOS in the Plateau from 1982 to 2011 by integrating three long-term time-series datasets of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS, 1982-2006), SPOT VEGETATION (SPOT-VGT, 1998-2011), and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, 2000-2011). We found GIMMS NDVI in 2001-2006 differed substantially from SPOT-VGT and MODIS NDVIs and may have severe data quality issues in most parts of the western Plateau. By merging GIMMS-based SOSs from 1982 to 2000 with SPOT-VGT-based SOSs from 2001 to 2011 we found the alpine vegetation SOS in the Plateau experienced a continuous advancing trend at a rate of similar to 1.04 d.y(-1) from 1982 to 2011, which was consistent with observed warming in springs and winters. The satellite-derived SOSs were proven to be reliable with observed phenology data at 18 sites from 2003 to 2011; however, comparison of their trends was inconclusive due to the limited temporal coverage of the observed data. Longer-term observed data are still needed to validate the phenology trend in the future.

Genome-wide association study in individuals of South Asian ancestry identifies six new type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci

Abstract: John Chambers and colleagues report a genome-wide association study for type 2 diabetes in individuals of south Asian ancestry. They identify six loci newly associated with type 2 diabetes.

Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy

Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown promise as an effective treatment modality for cancers and other localized diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and actinic keratosis. PDT relies on light, photosensitizer and oxygen as elements in its mechanism of action. BODIPY photosensitizers that have been under extensive study over the past decade have been demonstrated as a new class of photosensitizers. In this review, we attempt to summarize the decade-long study of BODIPY-based photosensitizers. We provide an overview of the superior photophysical properties possessed by BODIPY-based agents and the various synthetic strategies employed that have led to improved and selective and/or targeted photosensitizers.

Hydrodeoxygenation of Furfural Over Supported Metal Catalysts: A Comparative Study of Cu, Pd and Ni

Abstract: The hydrodeoxygenation of furfural has been investigated over three different metal catalysts, Cu, Pd and Ni supported on SiO2, on a continuous-flow reactor under atmospheric pressure of hydrogen in the 210–290 °C temperature range. The distribution of products is a strong function of the metal catalyst used. High selectivity to furfuryl alcohol is obtained over Cu/SiO2, with the formation of only small amounts of 2-methyl furan at the highest reaction temperature studied. In contrast to Cu catalyst, the conversion of furfural over Pd/SiO2 mainly produces furan by decarbonylation. Furan can further react with hydrogen to form tetrahydrofuran (THF). Finally, on Ni/SiO2 catalysts ring opening products (butanal, butanol and butane) can be obtained in significant amounts. The different product distributions are explained in terms of the strength of interaction of the furan ring with the metal surface and the type of surface intermediates that each metal is able to stabilize.