Showing papers by "University of Ottawa published in 1978"

Modern Molecular Photochemistry of Organic Molecules

Abstract: 1. Molecular Photochemistry of Organic Compounds: An Overview 2. Electronic, Vibrational, and Spin Configurations of Electronically Excited States 3. Transitions between States: Photophysical Processes 4. Radiative Transitions between Electronic States 5. Photophysical Radiationless Transitions 6. A Theory of Molecular Organic Photochemistyr 7. Energy Transfer and Electron Transfer 8. Mechanistic Organic Photochemistry 9. Photochemistry of Carbonyl Compounds 10. Photochemistry of Olefins 11. Photochemistry of Enones and Dienones 12. Photochemistry of Aromatic Molecules 13. Supramolecular Organic Photochemistry 14. Molecular Oxygen and Organic Photochemistry 15. A Generalization of the Photochemistry of Organic Molecules Index

Reversibility and Growth Behavior of Surface Oxide Films at Ruthenium Electrodes

Abstract: Experiments are described in which the nature of surface oxidation processes at Ru electrodes are investigated and compared with those of other noble metals. Surface oxidation of Ru is much more irreversible than at Pt, Au, or Rh and the oxide formed in sweeps taken to 1.4V can only be reduced in the H region, usually with some coevolution of . However, surface oxidation already begins at potentials in, or close to, the H region; this behavior is somewhat similar to that of Pt in alkaline solutions. Upon repeated cycling into the oxide region up to , a new state of the oxidized Ru surface is generated which exhibits remarkable reversibility of the i‐V profile in anodic and cathodic sweeps taken to any potential in the range 1.4V. This effect is associated with a reversible redox process in the oxide film, probably between Ru(IV) and Ru(III), but reduction back to the metallic surface does not occur as it does in the initial sweeps. The behavior is somewhat similar to that previously observed with Ir. Time‐dependent growth of the oxide film at Ru is observed, as at other noble metals, and the direct logarithmic law applies. Similarities to the surface oxidation behavior of other noble metals, especially iridium, are pointed out and depend on anion adsorption.

Translating as an Innate Skill

Abstract: Two previous articles, Harris (1973) and Harris (1977), have argued that the data for translatology (the scientific study of translating) should come primarily from natural translation rather than from literary, technical and other professional or semi-professional branches of translation as in the past. Natural translation was defined as: “The translating done in everyday circumstances by people who have had no special training for it.”

The evaluation and use of properties of individual ions in slution

Abstract: A critical examination is given of extra-thermodynamic methods for evaluation of properties of individual ions in solution. The ways in which such data may be applied, or are required in various problems concerning specific properties of electrolyte solutions and in the fields of kinetics, electrochemistry, colloid and interfacial chemistry, are outlined. Special attention is given to the problem of evaluation of individual ionic thermodynamic functions for the hydration of ions but, in some cases, corresponding data for nonaqueous solutions are available for discussion and are of interest in a comparative way. The reliability of the various methods is assessed and estimates of numerical values for various individual ionic functions are tabulated. The question of scales of individual ionic radii, on which some of the derived data depend, is also examined. The dependence of various properties for anions and for cations on ionic radius is discussed and data are plotted comparatively. It is shown that for most, but not all, properties, the values for anions are more sensitive to increasing ionic radius than are the values for cations. This behavior, as well as the exceptions, is of theoretical interest. The significance of ion-specific behavior at interfaces is considered and the importance of interactions between ions of like sign of charge is indicated.

Microgeographic Prediction of Polygyny in the Lark Bunting

Abstract: Field experiments on breeding populations of lark buntings (Calamospiza melanocorys) in South Dakota support the hypothesis that polygyny is promoted by a high variance in quality among male territories. Among these birds protection of the nest site from solar radiation is the major indicator of quality: nestling survival was significantly correlated with nest-site cover, and experimental increase of shading resulted in higher reproductive success. Males with superior territories attracted two mates, whereas those with poor territories failed to attract any. Secondary females had fledging success at least equal to that of contemporaneous monogamous pairs. On the sole basis of a shading score for each territory, the mating status of males (polygynous, monogamous, or bachelor) was predicted accurately in new areas of Colorado and North Dakota before females arrived.

Specific and varied practice of motor skill

Abstract: To assess the potential effect of specific and varied practice on the development of motor schema, 64 children in two age groups (8 yr. and 12 yr.) were tested on a simple throwing task at the beginning and end of a 12-wk. physical education program. For the throwing test the children were assigned to either a specificity or a schema group (varied practice). The task was performed without visual feedback, but knowledge of results was given after each trial. Prior to both tests at the criterion target, the specific group was given practice throws using the criterion target distance, whereas the schema group practiced on two other targets. No differences were found between the two groups at the beginning of the program but on the posttest those children receiving a variety of practice on the throwing task performed significantly better than the specific-practice group. Thus it was suggested that a varied practice schedule may facilitate the initial formation of motor schema, and this process may be enhanced by participation in a physical education program.

On and off components in the auditory evoked potential.

Abstract: It has been suggested that the ON and OFF components of the auditory evoked potential (AEP) may be mediated by independent physiological mechanisms and that the response to a brief tone consists of overlapping ON and OFF responses. Two experiments were performed to evaluate these proposals. First, AEPs were recorded to tonebursts of various durations presented at a fixed rate. As the tonebursts were made longer, they evoked smaller ON responses and larger OFF responses, particularly when either response followed the other by less than 5 sec. This indicates that ON and OFF responses are not physiologically independent. Second, the AEP to a 25-msec tone was compared with the ON response to a 2,000-msec tone. At an interstimulus interval of 4 sec, the difference wave formed by subtracting the latter AEP from the former contained clear N1 (ca. 100 msec) and P2 (ca. 180 msec) components, which have been interpreted as an OFF response by some authors. These components in the difference wave were greatly reduced or even inverted at 10-sec interstimulus intervals, however, where interactions between ON and OFF responses to successive stimuli were minimized. This result indicates that any residual OFF response in the AEP to a brief tone is very small in amplitude, if present at all.

An approach to band-limited signal extrapolation: The extrapolation matrix

Abstract: A fast band-limited signal extrapolation technique is presented where the total extrapolation process is achieved by a single matrix operation. The proposed technique and its implementation has many advantages over known extrapolation techniques in terms of computational savings and accuracy of the results, and it can he operated on a realtime basis.

Linguistic relativity in accounting

Abstract: Accounting is a language, according to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, its lexical characteristics and grammatical rules will effect the linguistic and nonlinguistic behavior of users. Four propositions derived from the linguistic relativity paradigm are introduced to conceptually integrate the research findings on the impact of accounting information on the user's behavior.

Water hardness and cardiovascular mortality.

Abstract: Ever since Kobayashi,' in 1957, noted a parallel between the geographic distribution of the acidity of water in Japanese rivers and the distribution of what was then one of the major causes of mortality in Japan, apoplexy, an increasing number of investigators all over the world have attempted to elucidate and confirm a geographic relationship between quality of drinking water and mortality, particularly from cardiovascular causes. The now voluminous literature in this field has been subject to several comprehensive As remarkable as the geographic diversity of these studies is the great diversity of the hypotheses that have been favored by daerent investigators, both as regards the identity of the water-borne factor to which they impute a good or bad influence, and as regards the nature of the disease or pathologic process induced. Re~ently,~ we expressed regret at the lack of any emerging consensus among those who have contributed to the literature over the last 15 years, and at the failure of most studies to yield evidence capable of discriminating among any of 64 major classes of explanatory hypotheses that need to be considered. Kobayashi did not refer to any category other than apoplexy, but ecological studies, from Schroeder on, have usually tried several cause-specific death rates as dependent variables. Thus, even though most investigators continue to refer to the hazard of residing in soft-water areas as if it related specifically to cardiovascular disease, support for this view has been progressively weakened by the admission of a bronchitis effect lo and by the suggestion that there is also an infant mortality effect in England, Wales 11, l2 and possibly Canada,13 though not in the United States.14 Stocks l5 showed that whatever may be the environmental or genetic factor responsible for regional mortality patterns of cardiovascular disease in the United Kingdom, it would appear to have a pronounced effect also on the incidence of congenital malformation of the central nervous system, and to a lesser extent this would apply to nephritis and carcinoma of the stomach. In the United States, Sauer l6 found as strong a negative correlation of hardness with malignant neoplasm as with cardiovascular deaths, Canadian statistics l7 show that more than half the excess mortality in soft-water areas is certified to noncardiovascular causes of death. Uncertainty as to the real effect of the water factor has lead some investigators to discriminate between various components of cardiovascular mortality in the hope of identifying a more specific association. For example,

Rigorous theoretical investigation of the ground state of H 2

Abstract: A variety of results are reported for the ground state ($X^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{g}^{+}$) of the hydrogen molecule. They include improved Born-Oppenheimer calculations, a study of the convergence of energies with basis-set size, adiabatic calculations, and the first successful ab initio nonadiabatic calculation. The latter, which treats ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ as a four-body problem, leads us to predict that the dissociation energy of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ is 36117.92 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. This value may be compared with 36 117.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (the value derived from the experimental ionization potential), with 36118.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (the value derived from the experimental vibrational levels of the $B^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{u}^{+}$ state), or with 36118.3 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (the upper-bound value derived from the experimental absorption limit).

Heavy metal exchange processes in sediment-water systems

Abstract: Experimental data for sorption of Hg, Cd, Cu, and Pb by sand, silt, and organic-rich sediments from the Ottawa River, Canada show significant conformity to Langmuir's equation Values of the bonding energy constant and the sorption maximum correlate directly with organic content and mean grain size (φ) Desorption experiments indicate that the heavy metals form stable complexes in nitrilotriacetate (NTA) and NaCl Solutions, with the following desorption ratios: Hg, 1:1 (Cl−:NTA); Pb, 1:10; Cd, 1:2 Serial and batch desorption studies under various conditions show that the cation-exchange order in the sediments is Hg>Pb>Cu>Cd For a given heavy metal the partition coefficient between sediment and solution is not greatly changed by the presence of another cation, provided the latter has the same order of concentration If, the concentration of one cation exceeds another by more than 10, however, significant desorption of the less concentrated ion takes place on a mass action basis

Fyodor Mikhailovitch Dostoevsky's involuntary contribution to the sympotomatology and prognosis of epilepsy. William G. Lennox Lecture, 1977.

Abstract: The list of geniuses reported to have been epileptic is remarkably long, from Alexander the Great to Napoleon by way of Julius Caesar, from Buddha to Mohammed by way of St. Paul the Apostle, and from Socrates to Lord Byron by way of Pascal. The epilepsy of these geniuses is, however, legendary and lacks the careful analysis required to guarantee the diagnosis. It is nevertheless true that genius can occur, can be maintained, and can develop in confirmed epileptics. Such is the case for Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, Gustave Flaubert, and Vincent Van Gogh, the relationship between whose work and disease has been the subject of numerous studies (Gastaut, 1956, 1978:\"). The Russian novelist, however, is by far the most interesting of these three epileptic geniuses. First, we have much more detailed knowledge of his epilepsy than of Van Gogh's or Flaubert's, or indeed than of the majority of patients studied in the most specialized hospital centers. This is due to the detailed seizure descriptions provided by Dostoevsky's physicians, friends, family, and by the

Solubility of ethylene in several polar and non‐polar solvents

Abstract: Solubilities of ethylene at atmospheric pressure and temperatures ranging from −9°C to 70°C are reported in solvents ranging from the non-polar ones, heptane, dodecane, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide and chlorobenzene to the highly polar ones, isopropanol, butanol and ethylene glycol. A useful relation was observed between ethylene solubilities in non-polar solvents and those of methane, ethane and propane, along with the corresponding energy of vaporization at the normal boiling for those gases. In the highly polar solvents on the other hand, hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) factors were found more useful in relating solubilities in one hydrogen bonding solvent to those in other hydrogen bonding solvents.

Evidence for the role of adrenocortical hormones in the regulation of noradrenaline and dopamine metabolism in certain brain areas.

Abstract: 1 Bilateral adrenalectomy suppressed body growth and increased the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase in rat striatum in a time-dependent manner. Fifteen days after adrenalectomy, the concentrations of noradrenaline were decreased significantly in hypothalamus and striatum, as were those of dopamine in brain stem and striatum. 2 Catechol-O-methyltransferase failed to change in response to adrenalectomy, but the activity of monoamine oxidase in cortex was significantly increased 7 days after surgery. These changes in various neurochemical parameters were even more pronounced 15 days after adrenal ablation. 3 Administration of corticosterone (10 mg/kg i.p.) to adrenalectomized rats effectively reversed the observed effects on brain amine metabolism. Corticosterone treatment for 7 days beginning from the 8th day of adrenalectomy virtually restored the concentrations of noradrenaline and dopamine as well as the activities of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase and cerebrocortical monoamine oxidase to the values seen for sham-operated controls. 4 Our data suggest that changes seen in brain noradrenaline and dopamine of adrenalectomized rats are specific to adrenocortical steroids and that these hormones play a role in the regulation of catecholamine formation.

Monoamines and Aversively Motivated Behaviors

Abstract: The role of the monoamines, norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and serotoin (5-HT), has been evaluated across numerous behavioral situations, ranging from apparently simple response patterns, e.g., locomotor activity, to complex ones involving associations between stimulus events and response consequences. Not surprisingly, theorizing concerning the relations between monoamines and behavior has extended beyond models involving infrahuman animals, and has been employed to account for a variety of aberrant human behaviors.