Showing papers by "University of Ottawa published in 1984"
1,051 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of the literature in which the primary focus was directed toward the construct validation of self-concept (SC) within an educational framework Specifically, studies are included that investigate SC internally, with respect to its general facet (GSC) and academic facet (ASC), and externally, with regard to its relationship with academic achievement (AA).
Abstract: This paper reviews research in which the primary focus was directed toward the construct validation of self-concept (SC) within an educational framework Specifically, studies are included that investigate SC internally, with respect to its general facet (GSC) and academic facet (ASC), and externally, with respect to its relationship with academic achievement (AA) The literature is divided into two broad categories: within-network research and between-network research Within these divisions, the studies are further classified according to their methodological procedures It is concluded that SC is a multidimensional construct, having one general facet and several specific facets, one of which is ASC Although important findings have been noted regarding relations among GSC, ASC, and AA, an overall conceptual model and operational definition of SC have not been established and universally accepted A number of very recent studies, however, have provided increasing support for the hierarchical model Alth
665 citations
TL;DR: Outline drawings of representative frontal sections of the Macaca fascicularis brain are presented in stereotaxic coordinates, based on photographs of unstained frozen sections of three formalin‐fixed brains in which stainless steel needles were inserted to mark the horizontal zero and several anteroposterior positions.
Abstract: Outline drawings of representative frontal sections of the Macaca fascicularis brain are presented in stereotaxic coordinates. The levels extend from the rostral tip of the neostriatum to the posterior end of the deep cerebellar nuclei. The illustrations are based on the photographs of unstained frozen sections of three formalin-fixed brains in which stainless steel needles were inserted to mark the horizontal zero and several anteroposterior positions. The sections were not stained in order to prevent shrinkage. Stereotaxic measurements were taken in situ of the highest points on the cortical surface, the position of the central and lunate sulcus, and of certain landmarks at the base of the cranium in a large number of monkeys. These data along with brain dimensions and the weight of animals are displayed in tables to indicate individual variations and to aid investigators in determining the best stereotaxic coordinates for a given structure. It is recommended that the cortical point of entry for an electrode or needle be routinely noted and be compared to the parameters in the atlas to compensate for deviations in the horizontal plane.
395 citations
TL;DR: The latency of the P3 wave associated with the detection of an omitted auditory stimulus did not change significantly with age, and the latency in the response to an auditory signal increased regularly with increasing age.
Abstract: Event-related brain potentials were recorded from 72 normal subjects aged 20-79 yrs. The event-related potential to a detected improbable signal contained a large late positive component or P3 wave. The latency of the P3 wave in the response to an auditory signal increased regularly with increasing age at a rate of 1.36 ms per year, and its amplitude decreased at a rate of 0.18 μV per year. Similar age-related changes in the P3 wave occurred in the visual and somatosensory modalities. The change in the latency of the P3 wave occurred independently of any change in the reaction time, which showed no significant age-related change. The latency of the P3 wave associated with the detection of an omitted auditory stimulus did not change significantly with age.
390 citations
TL;DR: In biological communities, the proportions of top, intermediate and basal species are, on average, independent of the total number of species, so there is a direct proportionality between the numbers of prey and predators.
Abstract: We have analysed 62 community food webs drawn from published studies and have found a remarkable regularity in ecosystem structure: in biological communities, the proportions of top, intermediate and basal species are, on average, independent of the total number of species. Hence, there is a direct proportionality between the numbers of prey and predators.
245 citations
TL;DR: The Renaissance concept that an illness could be helped by bloodletting was tempered by the adverse effects of blood loss, so that Louis XIII and George Washington were probably the first modern leaders to believe in blood transfusions.
Abstract: THE acceptance of the Renaissance concept that an illness could be helped by bloodletting was tempered by the adverse effects of blood loss. Indeed, Louis XIII and George Washington were probably k...
227 citations
TL;DR: Differences in coronary arteries from hearts of cardiac patients contain significantly higher concentrations of histamine than do those from noncardiac patients, which suggest an explanation for coronary artery spasm in heart disease.
Abstract: Coronary arteries from hearts of cardiac patients contain significantly higher concentrations of histamine than do those from noncardiac patients. The coronary vessels of cardiac patients are also hyperresponsive to histamine and serotonin. These differences between groups of patients suggest an explanation for coronary artery spasm in heart disease.
224 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a reinterpretation of the welfare state dealing with the role played by women in the development and on-going function of welfare state is presented, emphasizing women's organizing and the role of women's organizations in pressuring for the measures making up the welfare states.
Abstract: The article presents a reinterpretation of the welfare state dealing with the role played by women in the development and on-going function of the welfare state. Three roles are emphasized: women's organizing and the role of women's organizations in pressuring for the measures making up the welfare state, women as workers in the welfare state and, finally, women as clients of the welfare state. Having described these roles, the current politics of the welfare state are examined in order to illustrate the importance of understanding the relations between gender and politics.
140 citations
TL;DR: It was shown that ethanol feeding to maintain high blood alcohol levels did increase the propensity of the liver to undergo centrilobular necrosis when the rats were subjected to hypoxia, andCentrilobULAR necrosis was observed in the ethanol‐fed rats only.
122 citations
TL;DR: A moderate iridium anomaly, about 20 times the local background, has been found in Upper Devonian rocks in the Canning Basin, which suggests a causal link with some form of meteoroid impact.
Abstract: A moderate iridium anomaly, about 20 times the local background, has been found in Upper Devonian rocks in the Canning Basin. It occurs at or near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary, which is known to be associated with a major massextinction event of global extent. The anomaly occurs in an extremely condensed limestone sequence laid down under quiet deepwater conditions. Its occurrence suggests a causal link with some form of meteoroid impact. Moreover, carbon isotope data indicate that a large reduction in biomass could have occurred at this level. However, the anomaly coincides with a stromatolite bed containing the fossil cyanobacterium Frutexites; iridium, platinum, iron, manganese, cobalt, arsenic, antimony, and cerium are preferentially concentrated in filaments of this organism, with concentrations ranging from two to five times that of the matrix. It is possible that Frutexites extracted these elements directly from seawater, without the need for their derivation from an extraterrestrial source.
114 citations
TL;DR: The results underline the importance of childhood aggression as a predictor of later academic adjustment and suggest the interpretation of measures of behavioral stability should be considered.
Abstract: The school placement of 122 aggressive, 150 withdrawn, 182 aggressive-withdrawn, and 299 control children was determined 3 years following their original selection. Children identified by peers as aggressive-withdrawn or aggressive were more likely to have failed a grade or to be in a special class than were withdrawn children or controls. Older aggressive-withdrawn subjects and controls, but not aggressive subjects or withdrawn subjects, had higher rates of school failure and special class placement. Fewer boys than girls were in a regular class at the expected grade level. The results underline the importance of childhood aggression as a predictor of later academic adjustment. Implications of these findings for the interpretation of measures of behavioral stability are discussed.
TL;DR: It is suggested that in P. hysterophorus, the water soluble plant metabolites play an important role not only in allelopathy and defense against herbivorous predators and diseases but also as autotoxins in population regulation and the timing of the germination processes.
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TL;DR: This chapter will emphasize the great prevalence of the IBS, the lack of any reliable pathophysiologic marker or test, the patient’s hidden agenda, the importance of a positive diagnosis, and Sir William Osler's principle of “do no harm” in investigation and treatment.
Abstract: The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an enigmatic and variable constellation of symptoms accounting for 20 to 30 percent of patients referred to a gastroenterologist who devotes much of his time proving that they do not have a more serious disease. Were it not for the IBS, fewer physicians would be required and the diagnosis of organic gut disorders would be much easier. This chapter will emphasize the great prevalence of the IBS, the lack of any reliable pathophysiologic marker or test, the patient’s hidden agenda, which may have little to do with physical symptoms, the importance of a positive diagnosis, and Sir William Osler’s principle of “do no harm” in investigation and treatment. Because this syndrome is troubling enough, inappropriate tests or treatments can only make matters worse.
TL;DR: In this article, a digital oscilloscope and PDP computer are used for treating open-circuit potential-decay behavior, and great improved accuracy is obtained compared with that in previous work employing analogue traces.
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of the metal electrode at the interface of a metal and a liquid has been studied in the field of electrochemical surface science, where the electrode potential has been used as an independent variable to control surface charge density, coverage by Faradaically deposited ad-atoms, co-adsorption of cations or anions and solvent dipole orientation.
TL;DR: Students with concrete learning styles were more influenced by person-oriented factors in career choices than those with abstract learning styles, suggesting increasing concreteness with exposure to nursing education.
Abstract: Kolb's 'Learning Style Inventory' was used to examine learning characteristics of incoming nursing students (n = 166) which were then compared to those of more advanced nursing students (n = 102) A majority of students were found to have concrete learning styles Advanced students had a greater incidence of concrete learning styles than first year students suggesting increasing concreteness with exposure to nursing education Diploma students were found to have a higher incidence of concrete learning styles than university students Students with concrete learning styles were more influenced by person-oriented factors in career choices than those with abstract learning styles No relationship was found between learning style and preferred nursing specialty Implications for nursing education are discussed
TL;DR: A longitudinal retrospective study of 37 patients previously tested for anticentromere antibodies (ACA) in 1982 found no ACA were found in stored sera from 22 ACA-negative patients including 1 patient with CREST.
Abstract: A longitudinal retrospective study of 37 patients previously tested for anticentromere antibodies (ACA) in 1982 was carried out. No ACA were found in stored sera from 22 ACA-negative patients including 1 patient with CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia). All ACA-positive patients, with 1 exception, were found to have ACA in their sera over prolonged periods of time. One patient developed ACA for the first time when the third feature of the CREST syndrome (Raynaud's phenomenon) was noted. Anticentromere antibodies were IgG, and no consistent change in titer over time was found.
TL;DR: In this paper, the state of Ir and O species in electrochemically and thermally formed iridium oxide films were measured using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements.
TL;DR: In this article, a new method is proposed which accounts for momentum transfer between adjacent deep and shallow zones of compound sections, and its effect on system conveyance is usually ignored in conventional methods.
TL;DR: The somewhat greater psychosocial impact of narcolepsy appears to be due to the continuous excessive daytime sleepiness that persists between the diagnostic attacks, whereas persons with epilepsy are relatively alert between seizures.
Abstract: A questionnaire survey compared the psychosocial effects of epilepsy in 60 patients without major organic pathology (selected cases with temporal lobe epilepsy or primary generalized epilepsy) with those of matched (duration of illness, sex) patients with narcolepsy/cataplexy and with those of age- and sex-matched controls. Comparing epileptic patients with controls, we confirmed the well-documented marked deleterious effects of epilepsy upon work, education, occupational and household accidents, recreation, personality, interpersonal relations, and other parameters. Comparisons of epileptic and narcoleptic patients, however, showed that, in general, persons with narcolepsy are even more psychosocially impaired. The narcoleptic patients showed greater frequencies of disease-attributed reduced performance at work, poorer driving records, higher accident rates from smoking, greater problems in planning recreation, and other significant differences. Rather dissimilar profiles of psychosocial impairment were found to characterize the two conditions, and these were largely understandable as a function of their symptoms. The only areas in which epileptic patients showed greater problems than those with narcolepsy were in educational achievement and in ability to maintain a driving license. Most of the intergroup differences remained significant even for smaller groups matched also for age. The somewhat greater psychosocial impact of narcolepsy appears to be due to the continuous excessive daytime sleepiness that persists between the diagnostic attacks, whereas persons with epilepsy are relatively alert between seizures.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new method of calculating loss of load probability, expected energy generation and production cost for each type and size of unit in an electric utility is described, which uses hourly loads, or any suitable time interval, for a given period.
Abstract: This paper describes a new method of calculating loss of load probability, expected energy generation and production cost for each type and size of unit in an electric utility. The method uses hourly loads, or any suitable time interval, for a given period. The method consists in obtaining the frequency distribution of equivalent loads by convolving the generating units in an economic merit order of loading. The convolution process is achieved by suitable addition of the statistical moments of hourly loads and machine outages. The method can simulate partial loading as well as multistate representation of generating units. The proposed method is applied to a modified IEEE Reliability Test System and the energy production cost and loss of load probability are calculated and compared with those obtained by other methods.
TL;DR: The Middle Devonian Malbaie Formation of Eastern Gaspe, Canada, comprises sharply alternating conglomerate and sandstone units as discussed by the authors, and their petrography suggests derivation from the same source, but palaeocurrents indicate different dispersal systems for sand and gravel.
Abstract: The Middle Devonian Malbaie Formation of Eastern Gaspe, Canada, comprises sharply alternating conglomerate and sandstone units. Their petrography suggests derivation from the same source, but palaeocurrents indicate different dispersal systems for the sand and gravel. The principal conglomerate facies is horizontally stratified, with well-developed imbrication, characteristic of deposition on a high-energy, proximal braidplain. Minor cross-stratified conglomerate shows well-defined size sorting, attributed to avalanching down foresets and sorting within minor bedforms on bar tops. The sandstone units mainly comprise erosion surfaces overlain by mudstone intraclasts, alternating with lineated low-angle to horizontally stratified sandstone or trough cross-stratified sandstone. The sandstone units were deposited on a proximal braidplain with highly variable discharge, but the absence of calcrete indicates that dry periods were not prolonged.
The Malbaie is the coarsest, uppermost formation of a Devonian clastic wedge formed during the Acadian Orogeny. The uniformity of facies association and palaeocurrents, particularly in conglomerate units, indicates derivation from a broad upwarp to the south. This implies that the Acadian uplands resulted from straight compression, in contrast to the localized uplifts formed by strike-slip faulting during the Carboniferous.
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: The major factor affecting the fluidity of membrane lipids in eukaryotes, apart from the presence of cholesterol, is the degree of unsaturation of their fatty acid chains.
Abstract: It has long been known that normal prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic cells can grow only when their membrane lipids are largely in the fluid state, i.e., at temperatures above the gel to liquid-crystalline transition temperature (T m) of their membrane lipids (see McElhaney, this volume). Adaptation of bacteria (Cronan, 1975; Fulco, this volume), yeast (Watson, this volume), fungi (Miller and Barran, this volume), higher plants (Mazliak, 1979), and the protozoan Tetrahymena (Thompson and Nozawa, this volume) to temperatures below their normal growth temperatures generally results in changes in membrane lipid composition leading to increases in fatty acid unsaturation. The major factor affecting the fluidity of membrane lipids in eukaryotes, apart from the presence of cholesterol, is the degree of unsaturation of their fatty acid chains. This holds also for prokaryotes but, in addition, other factors such as chain length and branching may be important.
TL;DR: In this article, a method for the investigation of the structure of neutral products from the unimolecular (metastable) dissociative ionizations of mass selected ions, by means of collisions with He target gas, is described.
Abstract: A method is described for the investigation of the structure of neutral products from the unimolecular (metastable) dissociative ionizations of mass selected ions, by means of the collisionally induced dissociative ionization of the neutral species themselves. The neutral species, with kilovolt translational energies, enter a positively charged collision cell situated in the second field free region of a standard ZAB-2F mass spectrometer. Dissociative ionization of the neutrals results therein from their collisions with He target gas. The resulting ions are analysed by means of the electric sector and the relative ion abundances are shown to be structure characteristic. For such experiments the neutral flux should be c. ≥ 0.5% of the selected precursor ion flux; the collision gas pressure must be insufficient to cause significant precursor ion fragmentation in the field free region preceding the collision cell. It was shown that HNC is generated in the fragmentation of aniline molecular ions, whereas HCN is the neutral product in the dissociative ionizations of pyridine, benzonitrile and benzyl cyanide. The neutral radical [C, H3, O˙] formed together with [CH3CO]+ from ionized methyl acetate has the structure ˙CH2OH, but that from the analogous fragmentation of the methyl propanoate molecular ion has the structure CH3O˙. Allyl radicals were shown to be generated from [(CH3)2CHCH2OH]+˙ together with [CH3OH2]+ ions.
TL;DR: When the high-affinity sites were protected, the differences in potency of tested drugs in displacing specific [3H]imipramine binding, and the correlation with their ability to inhibit serotonin reuptake, were not observed.
TL;DR: The relationship between DEHP and stored red cells is examined and it is found that 28 percent of available 14C‐DEHP binds immediately to sites in both the membrane and cytosol fractions of the red cells, and the total amount and distribution does not change significantly over 7 days.
TL;DR: This study examined the feasibility of detecting drugs using saliva samples obtained from impaired drivers using enzyme multiple immunoassay technique and temperature programmed gas chromatography with confirmation by gas Chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
Abstract: This study examined the feasibility of detecting drugs using saliva samples obtained from impaired drivers. Screening procedures on 1- to 2-mL samples were for cannabinoids, volatiles, benzodiazepines, and other acidic/neutral/basic drugs. Methodology consisted of enzyme multiple immunoassay technique (EMIT) and temperature programmed gas chromatography with confirmation by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Fifty-six samples were obtained from drivers arrested for suspicion of impaired driving. Other than alcohol, the major drugs detected were cannabinoids and diazepam. Cocaine was found in one case.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors attempted to relate field dependence-independence (FDI) to accident involvement and perceived causes of accidents as well as to trace these relationships to the sensation-seeking tendency of the field-dependent driver.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the heat of formation of eighteen organic radicals from appearance energies for fragmentations in which the daughter ion structure and heat of forming are known, and the agreement with values obtained from kinetic measurements was generally good.