Showing papers by "University of Ottawa published in 1985"
TL;DR: In this article, a short review of the important experiments in gas phase ion chemistry whose correct interpretation can lead to the assigning of structures to organic positive ions is presented, which fall into two main categories, (i) the measurement of ion enthalpies and transition state energies for their fragmentations and (ii) the detailed examination of the unimolecular and collision-induced fragmentation behaviour of cations, anions and neutral species.
Abstract: The purpose of this short review is critically to assess the important experiments in gas phase ion chemistry whose correct interpretation can lead to the assigning of structures to organic positive ions. The methods fall into two main categories, (i) the measurement of ion enthalpies and transition state energies for their fragmentations and (ii) the detailed examination of the unimolecular and collision-induced fragmentation behaviour of cations, anions and neutral species. It is argued that in general, none of the above methods alone can suffice for an ion structure determination, but that in combination these techniques provide a powerful tool by means of which ion structures may confidently be assigned.
327 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a test of second language proficiency using the causal modelling technique is presented, where data pertaining to attitudes, aptitude, motivation, and second language proficien...
Abstract: This article presents a test of Clement's model of second language proficiency using the causal modelling technique. Data pertaining to attitudes, aptitude, motivation and second language proficien...
310 citations
TL;DR: The head injury patients did have primary impairment on tests of divided attention, and it is proposed that this impairment of information processing reflects residual brain damage secondary to the closed head injury.
Abstract: This study demonstrates residual mental deficits in patients who have apparently recovered after closed head injury. Twenty closed head injury patients were compared to 20 normal control subjects matched for age, sex, handedness, education, language, and IQ. All received a series of neuropsychological tests. Discriminant function analysis significantly differentiated the two groups. Correct classification of individuals as having suffered a head injury or not was 85%. The head injury patients did have primary impairment on tests of divided attention. Litigation was not a factor. We propose that this impairment of information processing reflects residual brain damage secondary to the closed head injury.
306 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the export expansion process of small and middle-sized manufacturing firms and some of its correlates: diversification and geographical market distribution, means of acquiring information and modes of international distribution.
Abstract: The research focuses on the export expansion process of small and middle-sized manufacturing firms and some of its correlates: diversification and geographical market distribution, means of acquiring information and modes of international distribution. The study reveals the overwhelming influence on export expansion of information acquired from business transactions as opposed to reliance on private or public information services. The impact of market diversification and its nature is confirmed. Policy implications are suggested.
298 citations
TL;DR: It is reported that at least 40% of all LC neurons project to the olfactory bulb; the projection is almost 10 times greater than to any other part of the cerebral cortex.
295 citations
TL;DR: A possible role for cortisol in Ca 2+ regulation is discussed based on observations of cortisol-stimulated lamellar chloride cell proliferation and J in Ca, and elevated plasma [cortisol] in low-[Ca 2+ ] acclimated fish.
Abstract: Calcium uptake (J Ca in ) in freshwater rainbow trout ( Salmo gairdnen ) under control conditions (external [Ca 2+ ] ≃ 1.8 mequivl −1 , [NaCl] ≃ 0.8 mequiv 1 −1 ) occurred at approximately equal rates (12–15 μequiv kg −1 h −1 ) through the gills and the general body surface in vivo . The gut was not involved. Under the same conditions, in vitro branchial J Ca in in an isolated, saline-perfused head preparation was equal to that in vivo . The cells involved in J in Ca are mainly located on lamellae rather than on filaments since 95 % of J in Ca occurred across the arterio-arterial circulation of the gill. J in Ca , in vitro, displayed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Acclimation to low external [Ca 2+ ] (50 μequiv 1 −1 ; unchanged [NaCl]) for 1 day caused a five-fold stimulation of J in Ca characterized by decreased K m and increased J max . Longer periods of low [Ca 2+ ] acclimation resulted in changes of J max only. J max gradually returned towards control levels as acclimation time increased, but was still elevated after 30 days. Acclimation to low ambient [Ca 2+ ] caused proliferation and increased exposure of lamellar chloride cells which were correlated with increased J max . Fish exposed to high external [Ca 2+ ] (10 mequivl −1 ; unchanged [NaCl]) displayed reduced J in Ca Similar changes in J in Ca were observed during in vivo experiments. Plasma Ca 2+ concentration remained constant regardless of external [Ca 2+ ], while plasma Na + and Cl − levels were transiently reduced at 1 day low [Ca 2+ ] exposure but had recovered by 7 days. A possible role for cortisol in Ca 2+ regulation is discussed based on observations of cortisol-stimulated lamellar chloride cell proliferation and J in Ca , and elevated plasma [cortisol] in low-[Ca 2+ ] acclimated fish.
267 citations
TL;DR: The perceived strength of the working alliance between couples and therapists and general therapist effectiveness were equivalent across treatment groups and that both treatment groups made significant gains over untreated controls on measures of goal attainment, marital adjustment, intimacy levels, and target complaint reduction.
Abstract: The present study compared the relative effectiveness of two interventions in the treatment of marital discord: a cognitive-behavioral intervention, teaching problemsolving skills, and an experiential intervention, focusing on emotional experiences underlying interaction patterns. Forty-five couples seeking therapy were randomly assigned to one of these treatments or to a wait-list control group. Each treatment was administered in eight sessions by six experienced therapists whose interventions were monitored and rated to ensure treatment fidelity. Results indicated that the perceived strength of the working alliance between couples and therapists and general therapist effectiveness were equivalent across treatment groups and that both treatment groups made significant gains over untreated controls on measures of goal attainment, marital adjustment, intimacy levels, and target complaint reduction. Furthermore, the effects of the emotionally focused treatment were superior to those of the problem-solving treatment on marital adjustment, intimacy, and target complaint level. At follow-up, marital adjustment scores in the emotionally focused group were still significantly higher than those in the problem-solving group.
249 citations
229 citations
TL;DR: The pronounced stabilizing effect of low temperature on the survival of HCV/229E at high RH indicates that the role of the environment on the survive of viruses in air may be more complex and significant than previously thought.
Abstract: The survival of airborne human coronavirus 229E (HCV/229E) was studied under different conditions of temperature (20 +/- 1 degree C and 6 +/- 1 degree C) and low (30 +/- 5%), medium (50 +/- 5%) or high (80 +/- 5%) relative humidities (RH). At 20 +/- 1 degree C, aerosolized HCV/229E was found to survive best at 50% RH with a half-life of 67.33 +/- 8.24 h while at 30% RH the virus half-life was 26.76 +/- 6.21 h. At 50% RH nearly 20% infectious virus was still detectable at 6 days. High RH at 20 +/- 1 degree C, on the other hand, was found to be the least favourable to the survival of aerosolized virus and under these conditions the virus half-life was only about 3 h; no virus could be detected after 24 h in aerosol. At 6 +/- 1 degree C, in either 50% or 30% RH conditions, the survival of HCV/229E was significantly enhanced, with the decay pattern essentially similar to that seen at 20 +/- 1 degree C. At low temperature and high RH (80%), however, the survival pattern was completely reversed, with the HCV/229E half-life increasing to 86.01 +/- 5.28 h, nearly 30 times that found at 20 +/- 1 degree C and high RH. Although optimal survival at 6 degree C still occurred at 50% RH, the pronounced stabilizing effect of low temperature on the survival of HCV/229E at high RH indicates that the role of the environment on the survival of viruses in air may be more complex and significant than previously thought.
227 citations
TL;DR: The authors used self-assessment as a placement test in second language teaching/learning and found that it can be used as a very valuable tool in the placement of students in second-language learners.
Abstract: Although self-assessment has been prevalent for a number of years in such fields as psychology, sociology, business, and so on, its use in second language teaching/learning has remained rather rare. Whether this situation stems from skepticism about students' capacity to provide meaningful information about their ability to use the language or from an inappropriate use of self-assessment is difficult to assess. This article reports a sequence of experiments leading to the use of self-assessment as a placement test. These experiments dealt with such questions as, Do students have the ability to meaningfully evaluate their own performance? Does the type of instrument used effect that ability? Can students be satisfactorily placed by self-assessment results alone? The conclusion is that at least under the conditions described, self-assessment must be considered a very valuable tool as a placement instrument.
199 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the weighted average 87Sr86Sr ratio in the dissolved load is 0.7111, similar to previous measurements on such large rivers as the Amazon and Mississippi.
TL;DR: In this article, a within-subjects design in which couples acted as their own controls, assessment was completed at four times: at the time of intial contact, after an eight-week waiting period, after eight sessions of Emotionally Focused Marital Therapy, and at an 8-week follow-up.
Abstract: In a within-subjects design in which couples acted as their own controls, assessment was completed at four times: at the time of intial contact, after an eight-week waiting period, after eight sessions of Emotionally Focused Marital Therapy, and at an eight-week follow-up. Couples reported no significant changes on measures of dyadic adjustment, intimacy, target complaint reduction and goal attainment after the waiting period, but significant changes were found after treatment.
TL;DR: Two advanced techniques which have been found to be among the most efficient ones for solving matrix equations resulting from the moment method, namely, the coujugate gradient and the pseudo-inverse, are described.
Abstract: This paper reviews one of the most important general methods for solving electromagnetic-field problems, namely, the moment method. It begins with a brief mathematical foundation of the general method. Then, the various specializations are described, accompanied with relevant references to illustrate the pitfalls and shortcomings, as well as the advantages, as compared to other methods. Deterministic and eigenvalue problems are both discussed separately. Finally, two advanced techniques which have been found to be among the most efficient ones for solving matrix equations resulting from the moment method, namely, the coujugate gradient and the pseudo-inverse, are described. A version of their algorithm which is easily programmable on computer is also presented.
TL;DR: The results suggest that fresh approaches might be needed in order to achieve the goal of family-focused care.
Abstract: A diagnosis of cancer in a family member has an impact on the entire unit. A study was conducted to determine needs perceived by families as they met the care requirements of such patients, to assess how families coped with these needs and to determine the resources they utilized. Families were selected from a stratified random sampling of patients who were receiving treatment at a local cancer clinic. Classification was by sex and site of disease. Families were interviewed in their homes. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Chi-square test of independence was conducted on selective qualitative variables. Eighty-three family members consisting of 43 males and 40 females with average ages 53 and 54 years respectively participated in the investigation. Families needed assistance with the physical care of patients. As many as 31% of them were coping poorly with this area of care. There were also several unmet needs in the psychosocial domain. The need most frequently expressed by families was for a place where they could turn to discuss their fears. Nineteen (23%) of the families knew of community services they could call on for assistance. Only seven (8%) of the families had utilized these services. These results suggest that fresh approaches might be needed in order to achieve our goal of family-focused care.
TL;DR: The results of this longitudinal, prospective research programme suggest that, as a first step, peer-rated aggression and withdrawal constitute a useful broad-based behavioural index of early problems related to psychopathology.
Abstract: Summary
The results of our longitudinal, prospective research programme to date suggest that, as a first step, peer-rated aggression and withdrawal constitute a useful broad-based behavioural index of early problems related to psychopathology. The findings at this point also support our expectation that this index may serve as a fruitful criterion of vulnerability to schizophrenia in adulthood. Finally, as a screening procedure, the assessment method generated by this approach appears to be an effective means by which children in need of treatment or preventive intervention programmes may be identified.
TL;DR: In this article, isoparametric hypersurfaces, case g=6, case m=1, m = 1, g = 6, case n = 2, case c = 3
Abstract: (1985). Isoparametric hypersurfaces, case g=6, m=1. Communications in Algebra: Vol. 13, No. 11, pp. 2299-2368.
TL;DR: The results support the view that a short course of indomethacin used for tocolysis in gestations of less than 34 weeks is without deleterious effects on fetus or neonate, and its ease of administration and maternal safety offer advantages over beta-mimetic agents.
TL;DR: Qualitative analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the auxins present in the root, cotyledons and epicotyl of 3-dold etiolated pea seedlings has shown that all three organs contain phenylacetic acid, IAA and IPA.
Abstract: Qualitative analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the auxins present in the root, cotyledons and epicotyl of 3-dold etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L., cv. Alaska) seedlings has shown that all three organs contain phenylacetic acid (PAA), 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) and 4-chloro-3-indoleacetic acid (4Cl-IAA). In addition, 3-indolepropionic acid (IPA) was present in the root and 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA) was detected in both root and epicotyl. Phenylacetic acid, IAA and IPA were measured quantitatively in the three organs by GC-MS-single ion monitoring, using deuterated internal standards. Levels of IAA were found to range from 13 to 115 pmol g-1 FW, while amounts of PAA were considerably higher (347–451 pmol g-1 FW) and the level of IPA was quite low (5 pmol g-1 FW). On a molar basis the PAA:IAA ratio in the whole seedling was approx. 15:1.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define a Murkou-additive (MA) process, which is a transition function for a set of independent, Rd-valued, identically distributed random variables, such that the parameter set can be either W := {t 2 0} or 2 := {n = 0, 1,...
TL;DR: In this article, a model of associated mixtures is proposed, in which a chemical contribution term described by an athermal associated model is combined with a physical contribution terms described by a Flory new theory formalism.
TL;DR: It is concluded that narcoleptics do not have a true organic memory deficit, but rather experience a subjective problem due to drowsiness which they are able to suppress during short testing sessions in a laboratory environment.
Abstract: Approximately one-half of patients with the narcolepsy-cataplexy syndrome suffer from subjective memory problems, mainly involving recent events. Ten untreated narcoleptic patients (7 male, 3 female, aged 28-65 years) with such problems and 10 matched controls were given a battery of tests to study the complaint. Tests included the digit span, Knox cube, recurring figures (verbal and nonverbal), visual reproduction, paired associates learning and logical memory test, plus naming and fluency tests to control for language capabilities. No significant intergroup differences were found. It is concluded that narcoleptics do not have a true organic memory deficit, but rather experience a subjective problem due to drowsiness which they are able to suppress during short testing sessions in a laboratory environment.
TL;DR: It is concluded that repeated doses of charcoal enhance the clearance of digoxin and should be considered for use in digoxin toxicity.
Abstract: The effect of repeated oral doses of activated charcoal on intravenous digoxin kinetics was evaluated in a randomized, crossover study. Ten healthy subjects received infusions of 10 micrograms/kg digoxin alone and with 225 gm activated charcoal over 40 hours. Multiple serum digoxin concentration determinations were made after each dose by radioimmunoassay. Noncompartmental kinetic analysis was used. Digoxin clearance increased an average of 47% (range -2% to 119%) during charcoal treatment, from 12.2 +/- 2.0 to 18.0 +/- 2.9 L/hr. The volume of distribution at steady state decreased from 495 +/- 196 to 375 +/- 162 L, and the terminal t1/2 was shortened from 36.5 +/- 11.8 to 21.5 +/- 6.5 hr during charcoal treatment. Likewise, mean residence time decreased, from 41.1 +/- 20 to 19.9 +/- 7.8 hr. Kinetic predictions would suggest greater proportional increases in digoxin clearance in patients with renal impairment. We conclude that repeated doses of charcoal enhance the clearance of digoxin and should be considered for use in digoxin toxicity.
TL;DR: Self-stimulation behaviour was recorded from zero to the maximum performance by varying the number of pulses per stimulating train, and the rewarding efficacy of the stimulation at each electrode location was inferred from determination of the pulse period corresponding to the threshold and half-maximal performance.
TL;DR: In this article, the presence of t-butyl peroxide results in the formation of sulfides in high yields, and a catalytic amount of cobalt carbonyl is used to give thioesters and carbonyls sulfide.
TL;DR: Excessive amounts of brief fragmentary myoclonus throughout all stages of NREM sleep were found associated with sleep-related respiratory problems, periodic movements in sleep (PMS), narcolepsy, intermittent hypersomnia and (rarely) insomnia.
TL;DR: An investigation of the relationship between per-caput consumption of total fat, beef, and pork in several countries and mortality rates for cirrhosis showed a correlation between alcohol consumption and Cirrhosis mortality, and a significant correlation was obtained with pork.
TL;DR: Information is presented as an overview to illustrate both the extensive literature that is available and the important questions that remain to be answered about systemic chemicals that damage lung tissue.
TL;DR: Results suggest that in teleost fishes neurohypophyseal peptides have intrinsic ACTH-releasing activity but, unlike mammals, do not potentiate the release of ACTH evoked by CRF, or by the piscian CRF-like peptide, UI.
TL;DR: This paper discusses all three significant organic treatments for the sexual offender, including a detailed description of background material and related studies, as well as the appropriate use of the treatments in the various types of male sexual offenders.
Abstract: There are three significant organic treatments for the sexual offender: antiandrogen or other hormonal agents; surgical castration; and stereotaxic neurosurgery. All are interrelated, and an understanding of the complex neurohormonal actions of the androgens is fundamental to their application. The relationship between the three treatments is dependent on the complex interactions between higher central nervous system functions and neuroendocrine mechanisms mediated via the hypothalmic-pituitary axis, the testes, and their various feedback mechanisms. This paper discusses all three treatments, including a detailed description of background material and related studies, as well as the appropriate use of the treatments in the various types of male sexual offenders. Language: en
TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of the stable surface complex, measured by pressure change and by temperature-programmed desorption, and products carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were monitored as a function of reaction time during the complete course of the reaction.