University of Oviedo

About: University of Oviedo is a education organization based out in Oviedo, Spain. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Catalysis. The organization has 13423 authors who have published 31649 publications receiving 844799 citations. The organization is also known as: Universidá d'Uviéu & Universidad de Oviedo.

Bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soils: Evaluation of potential in situ techniques by study of bacterial degradation

Abstract: The development of a simple laboratory methodology allows theimplementation of in situbioremediation of polluted soils with diesel fuel. In thisinvestigation microbiological and chemical analyses and a suitable bioreactor design, were veryuseful for suggesting the best ways to improve biodegradation extents in a diesel-enrichedsoil. Biostimulation with inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus produced the best resultsin a simple bioreactor, with biodegradation extents higher than 90% after 45 days. Also,the addition of activated sludge from a domestic wastewater plant increased the degradationrate to a great extent. In both cases, microbiological studies showed the presence ofAcinetobacter sp. degrading most of thehydrocarbons. Simultaneously, a diesel fuel release(approximately 400,000 l) was studied. Samples taken in polluted soil and water revealed thatbacteria from the genus Acinetobacterwere predominant. In plate studies, Acinetobacter coloniesproduced a whitish substance with the characteristics of a biosurfactant. Remarkably, thepresence of this product was evident at the field site, both in the riverbanks and in the physicalrecovery plant. The study of the similarities between laboratory results and the diesel spillsite strongly suggested that natural conditions at the field site allowed the implementationof in situ bioremediation after physical removal of LNAPL (light nonaqueous-phase liquids).

Targeted investigation of the Neandertal genome by array-based sequence capture

Abstract: Neandertals, our closest relatives, ranged across Europe and Southwest Asia before their extinction approximately 30,000 years ago. Green et al. (p. [710][1]) report a draft sequence of the Neandertal genome, created from three individuals, and compare it with genomes of five modern humans. The results suggest that ancient genomes of human relatives can be recovered with acceptably low contamination from modern human DNA. Because ancient DNA can be contaminated with microbial DNA, Burbano et al. (p. [723][2]) developed a target sequence capture approach to obtain 14 kilobases of Neandertal DNA from a fairly poorly preserved sample with a high microbial load. A number of genomic regions and genes were revealed as candidates for positive selection early in modern human history. The genomic data suggest that Neandertals mixed with modern human ancestors some 120,000 years ago, leaving traces of Neandertal DNA in contemporary humans. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1188021 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1188046

A comprehensive assessment of somatic mutation detection in cancer using whole-genome sequencing

Abstract: As whole-genome sequencing for cancer genome analysis becomes a clinical tool, a full understanding of the variables affecting sequencing analysis output is required. Here using tumour-normal sample pairs from two different types of cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and medulloblastoma, we conduct a benchmarking exercise within the context of the International Cancer Genome Consortium. We compare sequencing methods, analysis pipelines and validation methods. We show that using PCR-free methods and increasing sequencing depth to ∼ 100 × shows benefits, as long as the tumour:control coverage ratio remains balanced. We observe widely varying mutation call rates and low concordance among analysis pipelines, reflecting the artefact-prone nature of the raw data and lack of standards for dealing with the artefacts. However, we show that, using the benchmark mutation set we have created, many issues are in fact easy to remedy and have an immediate positive impact on mutation detection accuracy.