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Institution

University of Oxford

EducationOxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
About: University of Oxford is a education organization based out in Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 99713 authors who have published 258108 publications receiving 12972806 citations. The organization is also known as: Oxford University & Oxon..


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data show that AP-3 is essential for polarized secretion from CTLs, and an HPS2 mutation leads to a loss of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated cytotoxicity.
Abstract: Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by platelet defects and oculocutaneous albinism. Individuals with HPS type 2 (HPS2) lack the cytosolic adaptor protein 3 (AP-3) involved in lysosomal sorting, and are also immunodeficient. Here we characterize an HPS2 mutation and demonstrate that AP-3 deficiency leads to a loss of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated cytotoxicity. Although the lysosomal protein CD63 was mislocalized to the plasma membrane, perforin and granzymes were correctly localized to the lytic granules in AP-3-deficient CTLs. However, the lytic granules of AP-3-deficient CTLs were enlarged and were unable to move along microtubules and dock within the secretory domain of the immunological synapse. These data show that AP-3 is essential for polarized secretion from CTLs.

240 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this article, performance pay is more efficient than efficiency wages when the costs of having a job vacant are low and qualified workers in short supply, and the model also makes predictions about the relationship between turnover, wages, growth and unemployment.
Abstract: Many workers receive pay based on subjectively assessed performance, yet the shirking model of efficiency wages excludes it. This paper incorporates such pay, with the following results. Performance pay is more efficient than efficiency wages when the costs of having a job vacant are low and qualified workers in short supply. More capitl-intensive industries pay more than less capital-intensive industries, as observed in studies of interindustry wages differentials. Sustaining an efficient outcome requires a social convention similar to the notion of a fair wage. The model also makes predictions about the relationship between turnover, wages, growth and unemployment.

240 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study applies mixed-effects modeling to 76 repeated observations of the interaction networks and performance of 23 soccer teams to confirm that networks characterized by high intensity and low centralization are associated with better team performance.

240 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three strains of S. aureus defective in FnBPA and FnBPB were not internalized by endothelial cells and are required for subsequent internalization, interactions of potential relevance to pathogenesis and treatment.
Abstract: Adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to human endothelial cells is implicated in the pathogenesis of invasive staphylococcal disease. The adhesion to endothelial cells of isogenic mutants defective in defined surface structures was studied. Three strains of S. aureus defective in fibronectin-binding proteins FnBPA and FnBPB showed reduced adhesion. This was fully restored by complementation of a FnBPA− FnBPB− mutant derived from strain 8325-4 with a multicopy plasmid encoding FnBPA or FnBPB. Adhesion of mutants defective in other surface structures was unaffected. Anti-fibronectin antibodies blocked adhesion of 8325-4 to endothelial cells, while adhesion of strains 8325-4, P1 and five clinical isolates was inhibited by the recombinant form of the binding domain of FnBPB (rFNBD) from Streptococcus dysgalactiae . Adherence of bacterial aggregates resulting from the presence of purified fibrinogen was also inhibited by rFNBD protein. Three strains of S. aureus defective in FnBPA and FnBPB were not internalized by endothelial cells. S. aureus FnBPs mediate adhesion to human endothelial cells and are required for subsequent internalization, interactions of potential relevance to pathogenesis and treatment.

240 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors applied molecular dynamics and methods of importance sampling to study structure and dynamics of liquid water in contact with metal surfaces and found that adlayers of water under these conditions have frustrated structures that interact unfavorably with adjacent liquid water.
Abstract: We have applied molecular dynamics and methods of importance sampling to study structure and dynamics of liquid water in contact with metal surfaces. The specific surfaces considered resemble the 100 and 111 faces of platinum. Several results emerge that should apply generally, not just to platinum. These results are generic consequences of water molecules binding strongly to surfaces that are incommensurate with favorable hydrogen-bonding patterns. We show that adlayers of water under these conditions have frustrated structures that interact unfavorably with adjacent liquid water. We elucidate dynamical processes of water in these cases that extend over a broad range of timescales, from less than picoseconds to more than nanoseconds. Associated spatial correlations extend over nanometers. We show that adlayer reorganization occurs intermittently, and each reorganization event correlates motions of several molecules. We show that soft liquid interfaces form adjacent to the adlayer, as is generally characteristic of liquid water adjacent to a hydrophobic surface. The infrequent adlayer reorganization produces a hydrophobic heterogeneity that we characterize by studying the degrees by which different regions of the adlayers attract small hydrophobic particles. Consequences for electrochemistry are discussed in the context of hydronium ions being attracted from the liquid to the metal–adlayer surface.

240 citations


Authors

Showing all 101421 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Eric S. Lander301826525976
Albert Hofman2672530321405
Douglas G. Altman2531001680344
Salim Yusuf2311439252912
George Davey Smith2242540248373
Yi Chen2174342293080
David J. Hunter2131836207050
Nicholas J. Wareham2121657204896
Christopher J L Murray209754310329
Cyrus Cooper2041869206782
Mark J. Daly204763304452
David Miller2032573204840
Mark I. McCarthy2001028187898
Raymond J. Dolan196919138540
Frank E. Speizer193636135891
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023654
20222,554
202117,606
202017,299
201915,037
201813,724