University of Paris

About: University of Paris is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 102426 authors who have published 174180 publications receiving 5041753 citations. The organization is also known as: Sorbonne.

Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster.

Abstract: A wide variety of enzymatic pathways that produce specialized metabolites in bacteria, fungi and plants are known to be encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters. Information about these clusters, pathways and metabolites is currently dispersed throughout the literature, making it difficult to exploit. To facilitate consistent and systematic deposition and retrieval of data on biosynthetic gene clusters, we propose the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard.

Phenotypic characteristics and prognosis of inpatients with COVID-19 and diabetes: the CORONADO study.

Abstract: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Diabetes has rapidly emerged as a major comorbidity for COVID-19 severity. However, the phenotypic characteristics of diabetes in COVID-19 patients are unknown. We conducted a nationwide multicentre observational study in people with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19 in 53 French centres in the period 10–31 March 2020. The primary outcome combined tracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation and/or death within 7 days of admission. Age- and sex-adjusted multivariable logistic regressions were performed to assess the prognostic value of clinical and biological features with the endpoint. ORs are reported for a 1 SD increase after standardisation. The current analysis focused on 1317 participants: 64.9% men, mean age 69.8 ± 13.0 years, median BMI 28.4 (25th–75th percentile: 25.0–32.7) kg/m2; with a predominance of type 2 diabetes (88.5%). Microvascular and macrovascular diabetic complications were found in 46.8% and 40.8% of cases, respectively. The primary outcome was encountered in 29.0% (95% CI 26.6, 31.5) of participants, while 10.6% (9.0, 12.4) died and 18.0% (16.0, 20.2) were discharged on day 7. In univariate analysis, characteristics prior to admission significantly associated with the primary outcome were sex, BMI and previous treatment with renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers, but not age, type of diabetes, HbA1c, diabetic complications or glucose-lowering therapies. In multivariable analyses with covariates prior to admission, only BMI remained positively associated with the primary outcome (OR 1.28 [1.10, 1.47]). On admission, dyspnoea (OR 2.10 [1.31, 3.35]), as well as lymphocyte count (OR 0.67 [0.50, 0.88]), C-reactive protein (OR 1.93 [1.43, 2.59]) and AST (OR 2.23 [1.70, 2.93]) levels were independent predictors of the primary outcome. Finally, age (OR 2.48 [1.74, 3.53]), treated obstructive sleep apnoea (OR 2.80 [1.46, 5.38]), and microvascular (OR 2.14 [1.16, 3.94]) and macrovascular complications (OR 2.54 [1.44, 4.50]) were independently associated with the risk of death on day 7. In people with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19, BMI, but not long-term glucose control, was positively and independently associated with tracheal intubation and/or death within 7 days. clinicaltrials.gov NCT04324736.

3.3-million-year-old stone tools from Lomekwi 3, West Turkana, Kenya

Abstract: Human evolutionary scholars have long supposed that the earliest stone tools were made by the genus Homo and that this technological development was directly linked to climate change and the spread of savannah grasslands. New fieldwork in West Turkana, Kenya, has identified evidence of much earlier hominin technological behaviour. We report the discovery of Lomekwi 3, a 3.3-million-year-old archaeological site where in situ stone artefacts occur in spatiotemporal association with Pliocene hominin fossils in a wooded palaeoenvironment. The Lomekwi 3 knappers, with a developing understanding of stone's fracture properties, combined core reduction with battering activities. Given the implications of the Lomekwi 3 assemblage for models aiming to converge environmental change, hominin evolution and technological origins, we propose for it the name 'Lomekwian', which predates the Oldowan by 700,000 years and marks a new beginning to the known archaeological record.

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an original multisystem adverse drug reaction. Results from the prospective RegiSCAR study

Abstract: BackgroundCases of severe drug hypersensitivity, demonstrating a variable spectrum of cutaneous and systemic involvement, are reported under various names, especially drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Case definition and overlap with other severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) are debated. ObjectivesTo analyse the spectrum of signs and symptoms of DRESS and distribution of causative drugs in a large multicentre series. Patients and methodsRegiSCAR, a multinational registry of SCAR, prospectively enrolled 201 potential cases from 2003 to mid-2009. Using a standardized scoring system, 117 cases were validated as showing probable or definite DRESS. ResultsThe male/female ratio was 080; females were borderline significantly younger than males. Next to the ubiquitous exanthema, the main features were eosinophilia (95%), visceral involvement (91%), high fever (90%), atypical lymphocytes (67%), mild mucosal involvement (56%) and lymphadenopathy (54%). The reaction was protracted in all but two patients; two patients died during the acute phase. Drug causality was plausible in 88% of cases. Antiepileptic drugs were involved in 35%, allopurinol in 18%, antimicrobial sulfonamides and dapsone in 12% and other antibiotics in 11%. The median time interval after drug intake was 22days (interquartile range 17-31) for all drugs with (very) probable causality, with differences between drugs. ConclusionThis prospective observational study supports the hypothesis that DRESS is an original phenotype among SCAR in terms of clinical and biological characteristics, causative drugs, and time relation. The diversity of causative drugs was rather limited, and mortality was lower than that suggested by prior publications.