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Institution

University of Paris

EducationParis, France
About: University of Paris is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 102426 authors who have published 174180 publications receiving 5041753 citations. The organization is also known as: Sorbonne.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that consumption of a diet enriched in n-3 PUFA and inhibition of COX-2 by NSAIDs may confer cardioprotective effects and provide a significant mechanism for the prevention and treatment of human cancers.

623 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review puts the current knowledge of marine picocyanobacterial genomics into an environmental context and presents previously unpublished genomic information arising from extensive genomic comparisons in order to provide insights into the adaptations of these marine microbes to their environment and how they are reflected at the genomic level.
Abstract: Marine picocyanobacteria of the genera Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus numerically dominate the picophytoplankton of the world ocean, making a key contribution to global primary production. Prochlorococcus was isolated around 20 years ago and is probably the most abundant photosynthetic organism on Earth. The genus comprises specific ecotypes which are phylogenetically distinct and differ markedly in their photophysiology, allowing growth over a broad range of light and nutrient conditions within the 45 degrees N to 40 degrees S latitudinal belt that they occupy. Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus are closely related, together forming a discrete picophytoplankton clade, but are distinguishable by their possession of dissimilar light-harvesting apparatuses and differences in cell size and elemental composition. Synechococcus strains have a ubiquitous oceanic distribution compared to that of Prochlorococcus strains and are characterized by phylogenetically discrete lineages with a wide range of pigmentation. In this review, we put our current knowledge of marine picocyanobacterial genomics into an environmental context and present previously unpublished genomic information arising from extensive genomic comparisons in order to provide insights into the adaptations of these marine microbes to their environment and how they are reflected at the genomic level.

623 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
25 May 2000-Nature
TL;DR: Most cases of familial incontinentia pigmenti are due to mutations of this locus and that a new genomic rearrangement accounts for 80% of new mutations, which means that NF-κB activation is defective in IP cells.
Abstract: Familial incontinentia pigmenti (IP; MIM 308310) is a genodermatosis that segregates as an X-linked dominant disorder and is usually lethal prenatally in males. In affected females it causes highly variable abnormalities of the skin, hair, nails, teeth, eyes and central nervous system. The prominent skin signs occur in four classic cutaneous stages: perinatal inflammatory vesicles, verrucous patches, a distinctive pattern of hyperpigmentation and dermal scarring. Cells expressing the mutated X chromosome are eliminated selectively around the time of birth, so females with IP exhibit extremely skewed X-inactivation. The reasons for cell death in females and in utero lethality in males are unknown. The locus for IP has been linked genetically to the factor VIII gene in Xq28 (ref. 3). The gene for NEMO (NF-kappaB essential modulator)/IKKgamma (IkappaB kinase-gamma) has been mapped to a position 200 kilobases proximal to the factor VIII locus. NEMO is required for the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB and is therefore central to many immune, inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Here we show that most cases of IP are due to mutations of this locus and that a new genomic rearrangement accounts for 80% of new mutations. As a consequence, NF-kappaB activation is defective in IP cells.

623 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The strong concordance of predicted and observed practice changes suggests that randomized trial results have advanced mechanical ventilation practices internationally.
Abstract: Rationale: Recent literature in mechanical ventilation includes strong evidence from randomized trials. Little information is available regarding the influence of these trials on usual clinical practice.Objectives: To describe current mechanical ventilation practices and to assess the influence of interval randomized trials when compared with findings from a 1998 cohort.Methods: A prospective international observational cohort study, with a nested comparative study performed in 349 intensive care units in 23 countries. We enrolled 4,968 consecutive patients receiving mechanical ventilation over a 1-month period. We recorded demographics and daily data related to mechanical ventilation for the duration of ventilation. We systematically reviewed the literature and developed 11 practice-change hypotheses for the comparative cohort study before seeing these results. In assessing practice changes, we only compared data from the 107 intensive care units (1,675 patients) that also participated in the 1998 cohort...

622 citations

Book ChapterDOI
15 Jul 1992
TL;DR: This paper presents a way of extending the paradigm "proofs as programs" to classical proofs, which can be seen as a simple extension of intuitionistic natural deduction, whose algorithmic interpretation is very well known.
Abstract: 1 INTRODUCTION This paper presents a way of extending the paradigm "proofs as programs" to classical proofs. The system we use is derived from the general Free Deduction system presented in [31. Usually when considering proofs as programs, one has only in mind some kind of intuitionistic proofs. There is an obvious reason for that restriction: only intuitionistic proofs are contructive, in the sense that from the proof of an existential statement, one can get a witness of this existential statement. But from the programming point of view, constructivity is only needed for E~-statements, for which classical and intuitionistic provability coincide. This means that, classical proofs are also candidates for being programs. In order to use them as programs, one has two tasks to achieve: (i) to find a system in which one can extract directly a program from a classical proof (and not by means of a translation to intuitionistic logic), and (ii) to understand the algorithmic meaning of classical constructions. The system we will consider is a natural deduction system with multiple conclusions, we will call it Classical Natural Deduction (the one with the absurdity rule being called Usual Natural Deduction). It is a particular subsystem of Free Deduction (FD) with inputs fixed to the left, chosen for its simplicity: it can be seen as a simple extension of intuitionistic natural deduction, whose algorithmic interpretation is very well known. In this context, the contribution of classical constructs to programming appears clearly: they correspond to control operators added to functional languages, like call/ce in Scheme. In both contexts, the role of the classical constructs is the same: they allow to take shorter routes in the construction of a proof~program. The link between control operators and classical constructs has first been made by T. Griffin in [1], where he proposes to type the C operator of Felleisen, with the type-~'-,A-* A. The system he obtains is not satisfactory from the logical point of view: the reduction is in fact a reduction strategy and the type assigned to C doesn't fit in general the reduction rule for C. C. Murthy further analysed the connections t91 between control operators, classical constructs and translations from classical logic to intuitionistic logic (see [4]). The difficulties met in trying to use-~-A ~ A (or the classical absurdity rule) as a type for control operators is not really due to classical logic, but much nore to …

622 citations


Authors

Showing all 102613 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Guido Kroemer2361404246571
David H. Weinberg183700171424
Paul M. Thompson1832271146736
Chris Sander178713233287
Sophie Henrot-Versille171957157040
Richard H. Friend1691182140032
George P. Chrousos1691612120752
Mika Kivimäki1661515141468
Martin Karplus163831138492
William J. Sandborn1621317108564
Darien Wood1602174136596
Monique M.B. Breteler15954693762
Paul Emery1581314121293
Wolfgang Wagner1562342123391
Joao Seixas1531538115070
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202376
2022602
202116,433
202015,008
201911,047
20189,090