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Institution

University of Paris

EducationParis, France
About: University of Paris is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 102426 authors who have published 174180 publications receiving 5041753 citations. The organization is also known as: Sorbonne.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Eculizumab is an effective therapy for PNH and Clinically significant improvements were found in the quality of life, as measured by scores on the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue instrument and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire.
Abstract: BACKGROUND We tested the safety and efficacy of eculizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against terminal complement protein C5 that inhibits terminal complement activation, in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). METHODS We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase 3 trial. Patients received either placebo or eculizumab intravenously; eculizumab was given at a dose of 600 mg weekly for 4 weeks, followed 1 week later by a 900-mg dose and then 900 mg every other week through week 26. The two primary end points were the stabilization of hemoglobin levels and the number of units of packed red cells transfused. Biochemical indicators of intravascular hemolysis and the patients' quality of life were also assessed. RESULTS Eighty-seven patients underwent randomization. Stabilization of hemoglobin levels in the absence of transfusions was achieved in 49% (21 of 43) of the patients assigned to eculizumab and none (0 of 44) of those assigned to placebo (P<0.001). During the study, a median of 0 units of packed red cells was administered in the eculizumab group, as compared with 10 units in the placebo group (P<0.001). Eculizumab reduced intravascular hemolysis, as shown by the 85.8% lower median area under the curve for lactate dehydrogenase plotted against time (in days) in the eculizumab group, as compared with the placebo group (58,587 vs. 411,822 U per liter; P<0.001). Clinically significant improvements were also found in the quality of life, as measured by scores on the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue instrument (P<0.001) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire. Of the 87 patients, 4 in the eculizumab group and 9 in the placebo group had serious adverse events, none of which were considered to be treatment-related; all these patients recovered without sequelae. CONCLUSIONS Eculizumab is an effective therapy for PNH.

1,051 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: The finite element method is studied which provides an effective way for numerically solving such problems and an algorithm for computing the approximate solution is given.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the finite element method for solving the neutron transport equation and spatial discretization. It also discusses the numerical approximation of a problem by a finite element method using triangular or quadrilateral elements and other methods for solving the neutron transport equation. The discrete Galerkin method is equivalent to some implicit Runge-Kutta method. The existence and uniqueness of the approximate solution and an algorithm for computing the approximate solution is given. In the chapter, the finite element method is studied which provides an effective way for numerically solving such problems.

1,050 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Because necrosis is prominent in ischemia, trauma and possibly some forms of neurodegeneration, further biochemical comprehension and molecular definition of this process could have important clinical implications.

1,049 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These results are the first to identify a defect in a molecular chaperone as a cause for an inherited human muscle disorder, and an R120G missense mutation in CRYAB that co-segregates with the disease phenotype in this family.
Abstract: Desmin-related myopathies (DRM) are inherited neuromuscular disorders characterized by adult onset and delayed accumulation of aggregates of desmin, a protein belonging to the type III intermediate filament family, in the sarcoplasma of skeletal and cardiac muscles. In this paper, we have mapped the locus for DRM in a large French pedigree to a 26-cM interval in chromosome 11q21-23. This region contains the alphaB-crystallin gene (CRYAB), a candidate gene encoding a 20-kD protein that is abundant in lens and is also present in a number of non-ocular tissues, including cardiac and skeletal muscle. AlphaB-crystallin is a member of the small heat shock protein (shsp) family and possesses molecular chaperone activity. We identified an R120G missense mutation in CRYAB that co-segregates with the disease phenotype in this family. Muscle cell lines transfected with the mutant CRYAB cDNA showed intracellular aggregates that contain both desmin and alphaB-crystallin as observed in muscle fibers from DRM patients. These results are the first to identify a defect in a molecular chaperone as a cause for an inherited human muscle disorder.

1,048 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Targeting more-intensive glucose lowering modestly reduced major macrovascular events and increased major hypoglycaemia over 4.4 years in persons with type 2 diabetes, and suggests that glucose-lowering regimens should be tailored to the individual.
Abstract: Improved glucose control in type 2 diabetes is known to reduce the risk of microvascular events. There is, however, continuing uncertainty about its impact on macrovascular disease. The aim of these analyses was to generate more precise estimates of the effects of more-intensive, compared with less-intensive, glucose control on the risk of major cardiovascular events amongst patients with type 2 diabetes. A prospectively planned group-level meta-analysis in which characteristics of trials to be included, outcomes of interest, analyses and subgroup definitions were all pre-specified. A total of 27,049 participants and 2,370 major vascular events contributed to the meta-analyses. Allocation to more-intensive, compared with less-intensive, glucose control reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events by 9% (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.99), primarily because of a 15% reduced risk of myocardial infarction (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76–0.94). Mortality was not decreased, with non-significant HRs of 1.04 for all-cause mortality (95% CI 0.90–1.20) and 1.10 for cardiovascular death (95% CI 0.84–1.42). Intensively treated participants had significantly more major hypoglycaemic events (HR 2.48, 95% CI 1.91–3.21). Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested the possibility of a differential effect for major cardiovascular events in participants with and without macrovascular disease (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.89–1.13, vs HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74–0.94, respectively; interaction p = 0.04). Targeting more-intensive glucose lowering modestly reduced major macrovascular events and increased major hypoglycaemia over 4.4 years in persons with type 2 diabetes. The analyses suggest that glucose-lowering regimens should be tailored to the individual.

1,044 citations


Authors

Showing all 102613 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Guido Kroemer2361404246571
David H. Weinberg183700171424
Paul M. Thompson1832271146736
Chris Sander178713233287
Sophie Henrot-Versille171957157040
Richard H. Friend1691182140032
George P. Chrousos1691612120752
Mika Kivimäki1661515141468
Martin Karplus163831138492
William J. Sandborn1621317108564
Darien Wood1602174136596
Monique M.B. Breteler15954693762
Paul Emery1581314121293
Wolfgang Wagner1562342123391
Joao Seixas1531538115070
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202376
2022602
202116,433
202015,008
201911,047
20189,090