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Showing papers by "University of Pennsylvania published in 1984"


Journal ArticleDOI
30 Nov 1984-Science
TL;DR: In this paper, a DNA probe was obtained from an acute B-cell leukemia cell line, which was specific for chromosome 18 and flanked the heavy chain joining region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus on chromosome 14.
Abstract: From an acute B-cell leukemia cell line, a DNA probe was obtained that was specific for chromosome 18 and flanked the heavy chain joining region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus on chromosome 14. This probe detected rearrangement of the homologous DNA segment in the leukemic cells and in follicular lymphoma cells with the t(14:18) chromosome translocation but not in other neoplastic or normal B or T cells. The probe appears to identify bcl-2, a gene locus on chromosome 18 (band q21) that is unrelated to known oncogenes and may be important in the pathogenesis of B-cell neoplasms with this translocation.

1,702 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This self-administratered test now makes it possible to rapidly and accurately assess general olfactory function in the laboratory, clinic, or through the mail without complex equipment or space-consuming stores of chemicals.

1,651 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, two-and three-dimensional quasicrystals were classified by their symmetry under rotation and showed that many disallowed crystal symmetries are allowed quasici-rystal symmets.
Abstract: A quasicrystal is the natural extension of the notion of a crystal to structures with quasiperiodic, rather than periodic, translational order. We classify two- and three-dimensional quasicrystals by their symmetry under rotation and show that many disallowed crystal symmetries are allowed quasicrystal symmetries. We analytically compute the diffraction pattern of an ideal quasicrystal and show that the recently observed electron diffraction pattern of an Al-Mn alloy is closely related to that of an icosahedral quasicrystal.

1,596 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the estimation of a stochastic frontier production function, which is the type introduced by Aigner, Lovell, and Schmidt (1977) and Meeusen and van den Broeck (1977).
Abstract: This article considers estimation of a stochastic frontier production function-the type introduced by Aigner, Lovell, and Schmidt (1977) and Meeusen and van den Broeck (1977). Such a production frontier model consists of a production function of the usual regression type but with an error term equal to the sum of two parts. The first part is typically assumed to be normally distributed and represents the usual statistical noise, such as luck, weather, machine breakdown, and other events beyond the control of the firm. The second part is nonpositive and represents technical inefficiencythat is, failure to produce maximal output, given the set of inputs used. Realized output is bounded from above by a frontier that includes the deterministic part of the regression, plus the part of the error representing noise; so the frontier is stochastic. There also exist socalled deterministic frontier models, whose error term contains only the nonpositive component, but we will not consider them here (e.g., see Greene 1980). Frontier models arise naturally in the problem of efficiency measurement, since one needs a bound on output to measure efficiency. A good survey of such production functions and their relationship to the measurement of productive efficiency was given by F0rsund, Lovell, and Schmidt (1980).

1,518 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
21 Dec 1984-Science
TL;DR: Smell identification ability was measured in 1955 persons ranging in age from 5 to 99 years and on the average, women outperformed men at all ages, and nonsmokers outperformed smokers.
Abstract: Smell identification ability was measured in 1955 persons ranging in age from 5 to 99 years. On the average, women outperformed men at all ages, and nonsmokers outperformed smokers. Peak performance occurred in the third through fifth decades and declined markedly after the seventh. More than half of those 65 to 80 years old evidenced major olfactory impairment. After 80 years, more than three-quarters evidenced major impairment. Given these findings, it is not surprising that many elderly persons complain that food lacks flavor and that the elderly account for a disproportionate number of accidental gas poisoning cases each year.

1,201 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Studied internal consistencies of the 1961 and 1978 versions of the Beck Depression Inventory in two different samples of psychiatric patients and concluded that the internal consistency of both versions were comparable.
Abstract: Studied internal consistencies of the 1961 and 1978 versions of the Beck Depression Inventory in two different samples of psychiatric patients. The alpha coefficient for the 598 inpatients and outpatients who were administered the 1961 version was 0.88, and the alpha coefficient for the 248 outpatients who were self-administered the 1978 version was 0.86. The patterns of corrected item-total correlations were also similar, and it was concluded that the internal consistencies of both versions were comparable.

1,116 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The minimum solute concentration in a binary alloy system necessary to obtain a stable amorphous phase by rapid quenching, C B min, collected from the published reports on glass formation of 66 systems, was found to be inversely correlated with the atomic volume mismatch as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The minimum solute concentration in a binary alloy system necessary to obtain a stable amorphous phase by rapid quenching, C B min , collected from the published reports on glass formation of 66 systems, was found to be inversely correlated with the atomic volume mismatch, | (v b −v A v A | , where v A is the atomic volume of the matrix and v B is the atomic volume of the solute. The atomic scale elasticity theory was developed to calculate the atomic level stresses in solid solution, which led to the stress criteria for the topological instability of solid solution. It was found that C B min is closely correlated with the critical solute concentration for the topological instability of solid solution. This result indicates that the atomic size ratio between the constituent elements is the most important factor in the determination of value of C B min , and the amorphous alloys are stabilized partly because the solid solutions of the corresponding compositions are topologically unstable.

861 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that if the goods are substitutes (not) to share information is a dominant strategy for each firm in Bertrand (Cournot) competition, then the market outcome is always optimal.

777 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For patients with acute leukemia, granulocytopenia persisting longer than three weeks is the major risk factor for developing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
Abstract: A case-control study of patients with acute leukemia was done to identify significant risk factors for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis by reviewing the medical histories of 15 cases of pathologically proven invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and 45 controls. A history of lung or sinus disease, smoking, and multiple recurrences of leukemia did not increase the risk of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Cases and controls received similar chemotherapeutic regimens, and exposure to aminoglycosides, carbenicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or corticosteroids was not significantly associated with development of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Among the factors tested, only granulocytopenia was associated with development of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Early in the course of granulocytopenia, patients developed signs of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis at a rate of approximately 1% per day. As the duration of granulocytopenia increased, the rate increased, approximating 4.3% per day between the 24th and 36th days. Of the 13 patients remaining granulocytopenic at 28 days, 7 had developed signs of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. For patients with acute leukemia, granulocytopenia persisting longer than three weeks is the major risk factor for developing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

706 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
29 Jun 1984-Science
TL;DR: The chromosomal breakpoint of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells of the B-cell type carrying the translocated long arms of chromosomes 11 and 14 [t(11;14) (q13;q32)] was cloned and a gene, named bcl -1, appears to be unrelated to any of the known retrovirus oncogenes described to date.
Abstract: The chromosomal breakpoint of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells of the B-cell type carrying the translocated long arms of chromosomes 11 and 14 [t(11;14) (q13;q32)] was cloned. The breakpoint was found to be within the joining segment of the human heavy chain locus on the translocated long arm of chromosome 14. A probe that is specific for chromosome 11 and that maps immediately 5' to the breakpoint on the 14q+ chromosome was isolated. The probe detected a rearrangement of the homologous genomic DNA segment in the parental CLL cells and also in DNA from a diffuse large cell lymphoma with the t(11;14) translocation. This rearranged DNA segment was not present in Burkitt lymphoma cells with the t(8;14) translocation or in nonneoplastic human lymphoblastoid cells. The probe can thus be used to identify and characterize a gene located on band q13 of chromosome 11 that appears to be involved in the malignant transformation of human B cells carrying the t(11;14) translocation. This gene, named bcl -1, appears to be unrelated to any of the known retrovirus oncogenes described to date.

669 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a functional form for the activation enthalpy of cross slip of a 12 [101] (111) dislocation has been derived using the results of recent atomistic studies of screw dislocations in L12 structures.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effective mass-approximation differential equations appropriate for impurities in a graphite host are constructed and are used to solve self-consistently for the screening response surrounding a single intercalant atom.
Abstract: The effective-mass-approximation differential equations appropriate for impurities in a graphite host are constructed and are used to solve self-consistently for the screening response surrounding a single intercalant atom. The screening cloud is found to have a very slow algebraic decay with a characteristic length of 3.8 \AA{} in the case studied. This rather long length is due to both the semimetallic and the two-dimensional character of graphite. A Thomas-Fermi description of screening is found to be adequate, but a linear-response theory is not. From these results we conclude that the transferred charge in alkali-metal---graphite intercalation compounds is distributed nearly homogeneously on a carbon plane. We discuss recent theoretical and experimental work in light of these results.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This version of A = 9 differs from the published version in that it has corrected some errors discovered after the article went to press and reference key numbers have been changed to the NNDC/TUNL format.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that the authors have made a set of private and public choices that have dramatically altered the age profile of well-being and these choices are in an important sense joint ones involving the number of dependents they have as well as the conditions in which they live.
Abstract: So we have passed through several decades of abrupt demographic change. The child population had declined and the elderly population has spurted. Both of these developments were in the main unanticipated. Most demographers would probably expect such a rapid change in age structure to have favorable consequences for children and troubling ones for the elderly. Fewer children should mean less competition for resources in the home as well as greater availability of social services earmarked for children especially public schooling. The sharp rise in the number of elderly persons should put enormous pressure on resources directed towards the older ages such as medical care facilities nursing homes and social security funds. At least this view would be characteristic of those who see the world through a Malthusian lens and find the main social drama to be the pressure of numbers on some kind of inelastic resource. My thesis is that exactly the opposite trends have occurred in the relative well-being of our two groups of age dependents and that demographic factors have not only failed to prevent this outcome but have in many ways encouraged it. Conditions have deteriorated for children and improved dramatically for the elderly and demographic change has been intimately involved in these developments. (excerpt)

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 1984-Cell
TL;DR: Comparison of DNA from tumor tissue (or cell lines derived from tumors) with DNA from unaffected tissues reveals structural rearrangements as well as changes in DNA methylation of the foreign DNA.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, three structural sources of power (i.e., hierarchical authority, resource control, and network centrality) are integrated in a theoretical synthesis to reveal the complex nature of intraorganizational power.
Abstract: Research on organizational power has become overly fragmented; a multitude of different sources of power have been identified. Consequently, an overall picture of intraorganizational power relations is difficult to obtain. In this paper, three structural sources of power—hierarchical authority, resource control, and network centrality—are integrated in a theoretical synthesis. The complex nature of intraorganizational power is revealed in the interactions, tensions, and conflicts among the three sources of power.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results imply that spermatozoa showing CTC fluorescence pattern B can be considered to be capacitated and that a functional definition for capacitation is the acquired ability to undergo the acrosome reaction rapidly when treated with acid-solubilized zonae pellucidae.

Journal ArticleDOI
14 Jun 1984-Nature
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that glycoprotein C (gC) of HSV-1 functions as a C3b receptor, which is assigned a new function of gC of HSv-1 and demonstrate potentially important differences between HSV -1 andHSV-2 glycoproteins.
Abstract: Receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulins or for the third component of complement (C3) are present on a variety of circulating and fixed tissue cells including granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes and glomerular epithelial cells. Cells which lack Fc receptors may express them after infection by herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, HSV-2, cytomegalovirus or varicella zoster virus. We recently reported that infection by HSV-1 induces both Fc and C3 receptors on human endothelial cells. Glycoprotein E of HSV-1 has been shown to function as an Fc receptor. We now demonstrate that glycoprotein C (gC) of HSV-1 functions as a C3b receptor. This receptor appears following HSV-1, but not HSV-2, infection. Detection of the C3b receptor is blocked by monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein C (gC) of HSV-1, but not by monoclonal antibodies to other HSV-1 glycoproteins. In addition, the MP mutant of HSV-1, which lacks gC, fails to express a C3b receptor. These results assign a new function of gC of HSV-1 and demonstrate potentially important differences between HSV-1 and HSV-2 glycoproteins.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a set of international comparisons is developed for 124 countries over the three post World War II decades, 1950-80, and a Data Table is presented which gives, for most countries and most years, real product estimates for three different national income concepts and for the major subaggregates consumption, investment and government.
Abstract: A set of international comparisons is developed for 124 countries over the three post World War II decades, 1950-80. A Data Table is presented which gives, for most countries and most years, real product estimates for three different national income concepts and for the major subaggregates consumption, investment, and government. Detailed comparative price level estimates are provided as well.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a single principal contracts with two agents who possess perfect private information about their own productivity, and it is shown that such private information may be of no value to the agents.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The ability of a series of drugs to compete for 15 nM [3H]-5-HT binding in the presence of 1 mM GTP in the rat frontal cortex was examined to examine the ability of these drugs to selectivity for two subtypes of the 5-HT1 receptor.
Abstract: Recent studies indicate that there are multiple subtypes of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1 (5-HT1) receptor. Previously, we provided evidence consistent with the finding that multiple states of the 5-HT1 receptor are present when the binding of [3H]-5-HT is measured in the absence of guanine nucleotides. When 1 mM GTP was present in the [3H]-5-HT receptor binding assay, the high affinity state was eliminated. As the presence of multiple states of a receptor complicates the interpretation of the inhibition of [3H]-5-HT binding caused by serotonin agonists and antagonists, we examined the ability of a series of these drugs to compete for 15 nM [3H]-5-HT binding in the presence of 1 mM GTP in the rat frontal cortex. Eight agonists and five antagonists showed selectivity for the two subtypes of the 5-HT1 receptor, whereas three agonists and four antagonists showed the same affinity for these two receptors subtypes. Most of the compounds examined exhibited only a modest 10- to 30-fold degree of selectivity. However, 1-(m-trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazine and 5-methoxy-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)indole were about 65-fold selective and spiperone was over 100-fold selective for one of the receptor subtypes. The subtype specificity of the selective compounds was determined using either spiperone, a selective 5-HT 1A compound, or 1-(m-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine, a selective 5-HT 1B compound, to preferentially inhibit one of the receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The new analysis suggests that increased complexity of maternal speech is positively correlated with child language growth in this age range, and most effects of the mother on the child's language growth are found to be restricted to a very young age group.
Abstract: Partially conflicting results from correlational studies of maternal speech style and its effects on child language learning motivate a comparative discussion of Newport, Gleitman & Gleitman (1977) and Furrow, Nelson & Benedict (1979), and a reanalysis of the original Newport et al. data. In the current analysis the data are from two groups of children equated for age, in response to the methodological questions raised by Furrow et al.; but, in line with the original Newport et al. analysis, linguistic differences between these age-equated children are handled by partial correlation. Under this new analysis the original results reported by Newport et al. are reproduced. In addition, however, most effects of the mother on the child's language growth are found to be restricted to a very young age group. Moreover, the new analysis suggests that increased complexity of maternal speech is positively correlated with child language growth in this age range. The findings are discussed in terms of a theoretical analysis of the Motherese Hypothesis; the conditions of both learner and environment in which ‘simplified’ data could aid a learner. Finally, the results of our past work, those of Furrow et al., and those of the present analysis, are discussed as they fit into, and add to, current theorizing about the language acquisition process.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data presented here suggest that Ins-P3 may be a second messenger for the mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ by hormones in liver and that decreases of phosphatidylinositol are a secondary result of increased PtdIns-4,5-P2 resynthesis.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Compared the actions of ketanserin and pipamperone and metergoline and methysergide on two behavioral responses in rats that are produced by the activation of 5-HT receptors, the order of relative potency for these drugs to block the head shake response was the same as their reported affinity for the 5- HT2 receptor, which suggests that the5-HT2 receptor is involved in the headshake response.
Abstract: Ligand binding studies have identified certain serotonin (5-HT) antagonists with selective affinity for 5-HT2 receptors and other serotonin antagonists with affinity for both 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors. This study compared the actions of ketanserin and pipamperone, selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonists, with metergoline and methysergide, nonselective 5-HT antagonists, on two behavioral responses in rats that are produced by the activation of 5-HT receptors: 1) the head shake response and 2) the 5-HT syndrome. Both the selective and the nonselective 5-HT antagonists blocked the head shake response produced by 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan. The order of relative potency was: metergoline greater than ketanserin greater than pipamperone greater than methysergide. All four antagonists also blocked the head shake response produced by the 5-HT agonist quipazine. In contrast, the symptoms of the 5-HT syndrome produced by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine were blocked by pretreatment with the nonselective 5-HT receptor antagonists but not by the 5-HT2 receptor antagonists. The differential actions of 5-HT antagonists on these behavioral responses suggest that different 5-HT receptors are involved in the head shake response and the 5-HT syndrome. That the order of relative potency for these drugs to block the head shake response was the same as their reported affinity for the 5-HT2 receptor suggests that the 5-HT2 receptor is involved in the head shake response. In contrast, the ability of 5-HT antagonists with affinity for the 5-HT1 receptor to block the 5-HT syndrome and the inability of 5-HT2 receptor antagonists to block the syndrome suggests that this behavioral response probably involves the activation of 5-HT1 receptors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A classification of hybrid models is presented, followed by a review of their comparative performance in cross-validation tests, and Suggestions are offered on future studies that are essential before the role of hybrids in conjoint methods can be evaluated properly.
Abstract: Over the past few years hybrid models for conjoint analysis have been developed to reduce data collection effort and time. Hybrid models combine features of self-explicated utility measurement with...

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1984-Cell
TL;DR: Transfer of a 23 kb genomic DNA segment containing the rat elastase I gene to a foreign chromosomal location in the mouse can give rise to qualitatively and quantitatively normal expression.

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the Heckscher-ohlin theory of international trade in higher dimensions, and the sensitivity to higher dimensions of the basic propositions of the international trade theory is the key issue for the practical relevance of the logical structure that has dominated trade theory in the past 30 years.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The extensive structure of modern trade theory has been built on a foundation of several extreme assumptions, including that of low and even dimensionality. This chapter is concerned with Heckscher–Ohlin theory of international trade in higher dimensions. This theory, in its standard two-commodity, two-factor version has dominated international trade theory for over 30 years. But this dominance has long been made uneasy by a widespread suspicion that world commerce does not accord well with the theoretical structure. There are two particular areas of concern. The first stems from the fact that the largest part of world trade involves the exchange of roughly similar products among similar economies, whereas the factor endowment theory, and comparative cost theory, generally teaches to look to international dissimilarities for the causes of trade. A large part of this actual trade is classified as intraindustry even with significant disaggregation. Thus probing its causes requires a high degree of disaggregation—that is, the explicit consideration of a large number of goods. The second area of concern stems from the Leontief Paradox. The sensitivity to higher dimensions of the basic propositions of the modern theory of international trade is the key issue for the practical relevance of the logical structure that has dominated trade theory in the past 30 years.

Journal ArticleDOI
02 Feb 1984-Nature
TL;DR: A method which uses monoclonal antibodies to make cells adhere to solid surfaces is developed for two major reasons: it is much easier to patch clamp stationary cells, and the method can be used to selectively adhere a particular cell type from a heterogeneous population.
Abstract: Ionic fluxes are thought to he involved in mediating the prolifer-ation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) in response to mitogenic substances1,2. Among the earliest events occurring after the addition of mitogen to cultured lympocytes are changes in rates of cation transport3–9. We were interested, therefore, in the possible role of ion channels in mediating the lymphocyte proliferative response. The development of patch clamp tech-niques by Neher and colleagues10–12 has made it possible to study membrane conductances in a variety of small cell types12. We have developed a method which uses monoclonal antibodies to make cells adhere to solid surfaces for two major reasons: (1) it is much easier to patch clamp stationary cells, and (2) the method can be used to selectively adhere a particular cell type from a heterogeneous population. We have used these techniques here to identify whole-cell potassium currents, in lymphocytes recognized by OKT11 monoclonal antibody, which are increased 1.9-fold by mitogenic stimulation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, three sigmoidal growth equations were tested for their usefulness in fitting mammalian growth curves: the von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and logistic equations were fitted to growth data by nonlinear regression techniques.
Abstract: Three sigmoidal growth equations were tested for their usefulness in fitting mammalian growth curves. The von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and logistic equations were fitted to growth data by nonlinear regression techniques. The residual sum of squares and deviations of predicted neonate, weaning, and adult masses from observed values were used as criteria to choose among the models. The von Bertalanffy equation provided the smallest residual sum of squares, while the Gompertz equation fitted equally well by this criterion. The logistic equation overestimated neonate mass and underestimated adult mass, the Gompertz overestimated neonate mass, and the von Bertalanffy overestimated weaning mass. The Gompertz model was chosen to fit a sample of 331 species; growth rate constants, K , for these species are presented. The relationship of K to adult mass was calculated and was found to have a slope similar to that of altricial birds. K -values were found to be comparable to those reported by Case (1978) and consistently higher than those of Millar (1977). Species having differing rates from those reported by Case or Millar were also identified; ground squirrels had faster growth rates and seals had slower growth rates when rate of growth was estimated by the Gompertz equation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the notion of collective strategy: the joint formulation of policy and implementation of action by the members of interorganizational collectivities, and propose an alternative way of characterizing the task of managing organization-environment relations.
Abstract: The field of business policy has variously characterized the task of managing organization-environment relations as: (a) responding to exogenous environmental threats and opportunities, (b) negotiating resource interdepen-dencies with outside stakeholders, and (c) strategically maneuvering vis-avis competitors in industrial arenas. An alternative way of characterizing the task of managing organization-environment relations is offered. This focuses on the notion of collective strategy: the joint formulation of policy and implementation of action by the members of interorganizational collectivities.