Institution
University of Pennsylvania
Education•Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States•
About: University of Pennsylvania is a education organization based out in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 109318 authors who have published 257688 publications receiving 14150562 citations. The organization is also known as: UPenn & Penn.
Topics: Population, Medicine, Health care, Cancer, Poison control
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: A method of scaling ratios using the principal eigenvector of a positive pairwise comparison matrix is investigated, showing that λmax = n is a necessary and sufficient condition for consistency.
8,117 citations
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Stanford University1, Cleveland Clinic2, University of Toronto3, Université Paris-Saclay4, Centre national de la recherche scientifique5, University of Paris-Sud6, Avaya7, Rutgers University8, RAND Corporation9, IBM10, University of Pennsylvania11, University of Western Australia12, University of Minnesota13
TL;DR: A publicly available algorithm that requires only the same order of magnitude of computational effort as ordinary least squares applied to the full set of covariates is described.
Abstract: The purpose of model selection algorithms such as All Subsets, Forward Selection and Backward Elimination is to choose a linear model on the basis of the same set of data to which the model will be applied. Typically we have available a large collection of possible covariates from which we hope to select a parsimonious set for the efficient prediction of a response variable. Least Angle Regression (LARS), a new model selection algorithm, is a useful and less greedy version of traditional forward selection methods. Three main properties are derived: (1) A simple modification of the LARS algorithm implements the Lasso, an attractive version of ordinary least squares that constrains the sum of the absolute regression coefficients; the LARS modification calculates all possible Lasso estimates for a given problem, using an order of magnitude less computer time than previous methods. (2) A different LARS modification efficiently implements Forward Stagewise linear regression, another promising new model selection method; this connection explains the similar numerical results previously observed for the Lasso and Stagewise, and helps us understand the properties of both methods, which are seen as constrained versions of the simpler LARS algorithm. (3) A simple approximation for the degrees of freedom of a LARS estimate is available, from which we derive a Cp estimate of prediction error; this allows a principled choice among the range of possible LARS estimates. LARS and its variants are computationally efficient: the paper describes a publicly available algorithm that requires only the same order of magnitude of computational effort as ordinary least squares applied to the full set of covariates.
7,828 citations
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TL;DR: As the need for new antibiotics becomes more pressing, could the design of anti-infective drugs based on the design principles these molecules teach us?
Abstract: Multicellular organisms live, by and large, harmoniously with microbes. The cornea of the eye of an animal is almost always free of signs of infection. The insect flourishes without lymphocytes or antibodies. A plant seed germinates successfully in the midst of soil microbes. How is this accomplished? Both animals and plants possess potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides, which they use to fend off a wide range of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa. What sorts of molecules are they? How are they employed by animals in their defence? As our need for new antibiotics becomes more pressing, could we design anti-infective drugs based on the design principles these molecules teach us?
7,657 citations
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TL;DR: Today there is a need for more exact criteria than existed earlier in order to conduct therapeutic trials in multicenter programs, to compare epidemiological surveys, to evaluate new diagnostic procedures, and to estimate the activity of the disease process in MS.
Abstract: Several schemes for the diagnosis and clinical classification of multiple sclerosis (MS) have been advanced [l}. The best known is that published by Schumacher et alC31. The criteria for this scheme were established in order to select patients for participation in therapeutic trials, and pertain only to what might be called definite MS. No provision was made for incorporating supportive laboratory data into the diagnostic criteria. As no reliable specific laboratory test for the diagnosis of MS has been discovered, the diagnosis remains a clinical one, and there is still a need for clinical diagnostic criteria. However, several laboratory and clinical procedures have been developed within the last decade which aid greatly in demonstrating neurological dysfunction attributable to lesions, and even the lesions themselves. One problem with the various published diagnostic classifications is their discrepant terminology: what is considered “probable” in one is called “definite” in another. Another problem is that all the proposed schemes require much subjective judgment, a difficulty which cannot be completely overcome but can be diminished by adding to the clinical evaluation the results of laboratory, neuroimaging, neuropsychological, and neurophysiological procedures. Today there is a need for more exact criteria than existed earlier in order to conduct therapeutic trials in multicenter programs, to compare epidemiological surveys, to evaluate new diagnostic procedures, and to estimate the activity of the disease process in MS. Method and Procedure
7,565 citations
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Johns Hopkins University1, University of Michigan2, University of Colorado Denver3, Ohio State University4, Boston University5, University of Pennsylvania6, University of Florida7, Mayo Clinic8, University of Siena9, Institut Gustave Roussy10, University of Cincinnati11, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center12
TL;DR: Evidence-based recommendations in response to the appointment as an independent task force by the American Thyroid Association to assist in the clinical management of patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer represent, in the authors' opinion, contemporary optimal care for patients with these disorders.
Abstract: Background: Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem, and differentiated thyroid cancer is becoming increasingly prevalent. Since the publication of the American Thyroid Association's guidelines for the management of these disorders was published in 2006, a large amount of new information has become available, prompting a revision of the guidelines. Methods: Relevant articles through December 2008 were reviewed by the task force and categorized by topic and level of evidence according to a modified schema used by the United States Preventative Services Task Force. Results: The revised guidelines for the management of thyroid nodules include recommendations regarding initial evaluation, clinical and ultrasound criteria for fine-needle aspiration biopsy, interpretation of fine-needle aspiration biopsy results, and management of benign thyroid nodules. Recommendations regarding the initial management of thyroid cancer include those relating to optimal surgical management, radioiodine remnant ablation, a...
7,525 citations
Authors
Showing all 110309 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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JoAnn E. Manson | 270 | 1819 | 258509 |
Bert Vogelstein | 247 | 757 | 332094 |
Donald P. Schneider | 242 | 1622 | 263641 |
Richard A. Flavell | 231 | 1328 | 205119 |
Eugene Braunwald | 230 | 1711 | 264576 |
John Q. Trojanowski | 226 | 1467 | 213948 |
Younan Xia | 216 | 943 | 175757 |
David J. Hunter | 213 | 1836 | 207050 |
Peter Libby | 211 | 932 | 182724 |
Rob Knight | 201 | 1061 | 253207 |
Carlo M. Croce | 198 | 1135 | 189007 |
Francis S. Collins | 196 | 743 | 250787 |
Robert M. Califf | 196 | 1561 | 167961 |
Craig B. Thompson | 195 | 557 | 173172 |
Virginia M.-Y. Lee | 194 | 993 | 148820 |