Institution
University of Peradeniya
Education•Kandy, Sri Lanka•
About: University of Peradeniya is a education organization based out in Kandy, Sri Lanka. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 5970 authors who have published 7388 publications receiving 197002 citations.
Topics: Population, Poison control, Electrolyte, Adsorption, Agriculture
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The CRF prevalent in north central Sri Lanka is a result of chronic dietary intake of Cd, supported by high natural levels of fluoride in drinking water, coupled with neglecting of routine de-silting of reservoirs for the past 20 years.
Abstract: Chronic renal failure (CRF), in the main agricultural region under reservoir based cascade irrigation in Sri Lanka has reached crisis proportion Over 5,000 patients in the region are under treatment for CRF The objective of this study is to establish the etiology of the CRF Concentrations of nine heavy metals were determined in sediments, soils of reservoir peripheries, water and Nelumbo nucifera (lotus) grown in five major reservoirs that supply irrigation water All five reservoirs carried higher levels of dissolved cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe) and lead (Pb) Dissolved Cd in reservoir water ranged from 003 to 006 mg/l Sediment Cd concentration was 178–245 mg/kg No arsenic (As) was detected Cd content in lotus rhizomes was 25382 mg/kg The Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) of Cd based on extreme exposure of rice is 8702–15927 μg/kg body weight (BW) for different age groups, 5–50 years The PTWI of Cd due to extreme exposure of fish is 6773–12469 μg/kg BW The PTWI on a rice staple with fish is 15475–28396 μg/kg BW The mean urinary cadmium (UCd) concentration in CRF patients of age group 40–60 years was 758 μg Cd/g creatinine and in asymptomatic persons UCd was 1162 μg Cd/g creatinine, indicating a chronic exposure to Cd The possible source of Cd in reservoir sediments and water is Cd-contaminated agrochemicals The CRF prevalent in north central Sri Lanka is a result of chronic dietary intake of Cd, supported by high natural levels of fluoride in drinking water, coupled with neglecting of routine de-silting of reservoirs for the past 20 years
218 citations
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University of Connecticut Health Center1, Carolinas Medical Center2, University of Peradeniya3, Florida State University College of Arts and Sciences4, University of Illinois at Chicago5, University of Virginia Health System6, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens7, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill8, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center9, University of Groningen10
TL;DR: There is an increased risk of clinically significant oral fungal infection during cancer therapy, and systemic antifungals are effective in the prevention of clinical oralFungal infection in patients receiving cancer therapy.
Abstract: The aims of this systematic review were to determine, in patients receiving cancer therapy, the prevalence of clinical oral fungal infection and fungal colonization, to determine the impact on quality of life and cost of care, and to review current management strategies for oral fungal infections. Thirty-nine articles that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were independently reviewed by two calibrated reviewers, each using a standard form. Information was extracted on a number of variables, including study design, study population, sample size, interventions, blinding, outcome measures, methods, results, and conclusions for each article. Areas of discrepancy between the two reviews were resolved by consensus. Studies were weighted as to the quality of the study design, and recommendations were based on the relative strength of each paper. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the weighted prevalence of clinical oral fungal infection and fungal colonization. For all cancer treatments, the weighted prevalence of clinical oral fungal infection was found to be 7.5% pre-treatment, 39.1% during treatment, and 32.6% after the end of cancer therapy. Head and neck radiotherapy and chemotherapy were each independently associated with a significantly increased risk for oral fungal infection. For all cancer treatments, the prevalence of oral colonization with fungal organisms was 48.2% before treatment, 72.2% during treatment, and 70.1% after treatment. The prophylactic use of fluconazole during cancer therapy resulted in a prevalence of clinical fungal infection of 1.9%. No information specific to oral fungal infections was found on quality of life or cost of care. There is an increased risk of clinically significant oral fungal infection during cancer therapy. Systemic antifungals are effective in the prevention of clinical oral fungal infection in patients receiving cancer therapy. Currently available topical antifungal agents are less efficacious, suggesting a need for better topical agents.
218 citations
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TL;DR: The cytot toxin of the ED-causing strains appears to be a variant of SLT-II and production of this cytotoxin is not phage-mediated, and the relationship between SLTs and a cytotoxicity produced by E. coli strains isolated from pigs with edema disease was examined.
Abstract: Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains 933 produces elevated levels of 2 phage-encoded, antigenically distinct cytotoxins designated Shiga-like toxin I (SLT-I) and Shiga-like toxin II (SLT-II). These toxins kill both HeLa and Vero cells. In this report, the relationship between SLTs and a cytotoxin produced by E. coli strains isolated from pigs with edema disease (ED) was examined. Culture filtrates from 72 out of 81 ED strains were cytotoxic for Vero but not HeLa cells. Cytotoxicity was neutralized by antiserum to SLT-II but not by anti-Shiga toxin. No toxin-converting phage were detected in 20 toxigenic ED strains examined. The cytotoxin of the ED-causing strains appears to be a variant of SLT-II and production of this cytotoxin is not phage-mediated.
214 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a multistage sampling technique to identify possible etiologies and risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients from the north central region of Sri Lanka.
Abstract: The increase in the number of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients from the north central region of Sri Lanka has become a environmental health issue of national concern. Unlike in other countries where long-standing diabetes and hypertension are the leading causes of renal diseases, the majority of CKD patients from this part of Sri Lanka do not show any identifiable cause. As the disease is restricted to a remarkably specific geographical terrain, particularly in the north central dry zone of the country, multidisciplinary in-depth research studies are required to identify possible etiologies and risk factors. During this study, population screening in the prevalent region and outside the region, analysis of geoenvironmental and biochemical samples were carried out. Population screening that was carried out using a multistage sampling technique indicated that the point prevalence of CKD with uncertain etiology is about 2-3% among those above 18 years of age. Drinking water collected from high-prevalent and non-endemic regions was analyzed for their trace and ultratrace element contents, including the nephrotoxic heavy metals Cd and U using ICP-MS. The results indicate that the affected regions contain moderate to high levels of fluoride. The Cd contents in drinking water, rice from affected regions and urine from symptomatic and non-symptomatic patients were much lower indicating that Cd is not a contributing factor for CKD with uncertain etiology in Sri Lanka. Although no single geochemical parameter could be clearly and directly related to the CKD etiology on the basis of the elements determined during this study, it is very likely that the unique hydrogeochemistry of the drinking water is closely associated with the incidence of the disease.
213 citations
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Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation1, Auckland University of Technology2, University of Washington3, Mayo Clinic4, Johns Hopkins University5, University of the Philippines Manila6, Harvard University7, Heidelberg University8, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research9, New York University10, University at Buffalo11, University of California, San Diego12, Veterans Health Administration13, University of Peradeniya14, University of Rochester15, Tufts Medical Center16, Kaiser Permanente17, Rowan University18, Istituto Superiore di Sanità19, Tehran University of Medical Sciences20, University of Texas at Austin21, Sheffield Hallam University22, Florida State University College of Arts and Sciences23, Ball State University24, Northeastern University25, Duke University26, University of Michigan27, Nationwide Children's Hospital28, Ohio State University29, University of Bari30, National Institutes of Health31, University of Cape Town32, Curtin University33, Pacific Institute34, Mizan–Tepi University35, University of Mississippi36, Iran University of Medical Sciences37, Emory University38, Lund University39, University of Central Florida40, Charité41, University of Edinburgh42, Yonsei University43, United States Department of Veterans Affairs44, University of Alabama at Birmingham45, Imperial College London46, Norwegian University of Science and Technology47, George Washington University48, University of Maryland, Baltimore49, University of California, Berkeley50
TL;DR: A large and increasing number of people have various neurological disorders in the US, with significant variation in the burden of and trends in neurological disorders across the US states, and the reasons for these geographic variations need to be explored further.
Abstract: IMPORTANCE Accurate and up-to-date estimates on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and
disability-adjusted life-years (burden) of neurological disorders are the backbone of
evidence-based health care planning and resource allocation for these disorders. It appears
that no such estimates have been reported at the state level for the US.
OBJECTIVE To present burden estimates of major neurological disorders in the US states by
age and sex from 1990 to 2017.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This is a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of
Disease (GBD) 2017 study. Data on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted
life-years (DALYs) of major neurological disorders were derived from the GBD 2017 study of
the 48 contiguous US states, Alaska, and Hawaii. Fourteen major neurological disorders were
analyzed: stroke, Alzheimer disease and other dementias, Parkinson disease, epilepsy,
multiple sclerosis, motor neuron disease, migraine, tension-type headache, traumatic brain
injury, spinal cord injuries, brain and other nervous system cancers, meningitis, encephalitis,
and tetanus.
EXPOSURES Any of the 14 listed neurological diseases.
MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE Absolute numbers in detail by age and sex and
age-standardized rates (with 95% uncertainty intervals) were calculated.
RESULTS The 3 most burdensome neurological disorders in the US in terms of absolute
number of DALYs were stroke (3.58 [95% uncertainty interval [UI], 3.25-3.92] million DALYs),
Alzheimer disease and other dementias (2.55 [95% UI, 2.43-2.68] million DALYs), and
migraine (2.40 [95% UI, 1.53-3.44] million DALYs). The burden of almost all neurological
disorders (in terms of absolute number of incident, prevalent, and fatal cases, as well as
DALYs) increased from 1990 to 2017, largely because of the aging of the population.
Exceptions for this trend included traumatic brain injury incidence (−29.1% [95% UI, −32.4%
to −25.8%]); spinal cord injury prevalence (−38.5% [95% UI, −43.1% to −34.0%]); meningitis
prevalence (−44.8% [95% UI, −47.3% to −42.3%]), deaths (−64.4% [95% UI, −67.7% to
−50.3%]), and DALYs (−66.9% [95% UI, −70.1% to −55.9%]); and encephalitis DALYs
(−25.8% [95% UI, −30.7% to −5.8%]). The different metrics of age-standardized rates varied
between the US states from a 1.2-fold difference for tension-type headache to 7.5-fold for
tetanus; southeastern states and Arkansas had a relatively higher burden for stroke, while
northern states had a relatively higher burden of multiple sclerosis and eastern states had
higher rates of Parkinson disease, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine and tension-type headache,
and meningitis, encephalitis, and tetanus.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE There is a large and increasing burden of noncommunicable
neurological disorders in the US, with up to a 5-fold variation in the burden of and trends in
particular neurological disorders across the US states. The information reported in this article
can be used by health care professionals and policy makers at the national and state levels to
advance their health care planning and resource allocation to prevent and reduce the burden
of neurological disorders.
212 citations
Authors
Showing all 5992 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
David Gunnell | 114 | 688 | 79867 |
Michael S. Roberts | 82 | 740 | 27754 |
Richard F. Gillum | 77 | 217 | 84184 |
Lakshman P. Samaranayake | 75 | 586 | 19972 |
Adrian C. Newton | 74 | 453 | 21814 |
Nick Jenkins | 71 | 325 | 22477 |
Michael Eddleston | 63 | 310 | 16762 |
Velmurugu Ravindran | 63 | 280 | 14057 |
Samath D Dharmaratne | 62 | 151 | 103916 |
Nicholas A. Buckley | 62 | 419 | 14283 |
Saman Warnakulasuriya | 60 | 282 | 15766 |
Keith W. Hipel | 58 | 543 | 14045 |
Geoffrey K. Isbister | 57 | 468 | 12690 |
Fiona J Charlson | 53 | 91 | 80274 |
Abbas Shafiee | 51 | 418 | 8679 |