Institution
University of Pittsburgh
Education•Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States•
About: University of Pittsburgh is a education organization based out in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 87042 authors who have published 201012 publications receiving 9656783 citations. The organization is also known as: Pitt & Western University of Pennsylvania.
Topics: Population, Transplantation, Poison control, Cancer, Health care
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: It is found not only that many more children learned from direct instruction than from discovery learning, but also that when asked to make broader, richer scientific judgments, the many children who learned about experimental design from direct Instruction performed as well as those few children who discovered the method on their own.
Abstract: In a study with 112 third- and fourth-grade children, we measured the relative effectiveness of discovery learning and direct instruction at two points in the learning process: (a) during the initial acquisition of the basic cognitive objective (a procedure for designing and interpreting simple, unconfounded experiments) and (b) during the subsequent transfer and application of this basic skill to more diffuse and authentic reasoning associated with the evaluation of science-fair posters. We found not only that many more children learned from direct instruction than from discovery learning, but also that when asked to make broader, richer scientific judgments, the many children who learned about experimental design from direct instruction performed as well as those few children who discovered the method on their own. These results challenge predictions derived from the presumed superiority of discovery approaches in teaching young children basic procedures for early scientific investigations.
926 citations
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University of Zurich1, University of Lausanne2, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University3, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center4, University of California, San Diego5, Tel Aviv University6, Geisinger Health System7, Tufts Medical Center8, University of Pittsburgh9, Baylor University Medical Center10, Cleveland Clinic11, Washington University in St. Louis12, University of Illinois at Chicago13, University of Southern California14, Barnes-Jewish Hospital15, Maine Medical Center16, Houston Methodist Hospital17, Lyon College18
TL;DR: In this interim analysis of 315 patients with glioblastoma who had completed standard chemoradiation therapy, adding TTFields to maintenance temozolomide chemotherapy significantly prolonged progression-free and overall survival.
Abstract: Importance Glioblastoma is the most devastating primary malignancy of the central nervous system in adults. Most patients die within 1 to 2 years of diagnosis. Tumor-treating fields (TTFields) are a locoregionally delivered antimitotic treatment that interferes with cell division and organelle assembly. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TTFields used in combination with temozolomide maintenance treatment after chemoradiation therapy for patients with glioblastoma. Design, Setting, and Participants After completion of chemoradiotherapy, patients with glioblastoma were randomized (2:1) to receive maintenance treatment with either TTFields plus temozolomide (n = 466) or temozolomide alone (n = 229) (median time from diagnosis to randomization, 3.8 months in both groups). The study enrolled 695 of the planned 700 patients between July 2009 and November 2014 at 83 centers in the United States, Canada, Europe, Israel, and South Korea. The trial was terminated based on the results of this planned interim analysis. Interventions Treatment with TTFields was delivered continuously (>18 hours/day) via 4 transducer arrays placed on the shaved scalp and connected to a portable medical device. Temozolomide (150-200 mg/m 2 /d) was given for 5 days of each 28-day cycle. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was progression-free survival in the intent-to-treat population (significance threshold of .01) with overall survival in the per-protocol population (n = 280) as a powered secondary end point (significance threshold of .006). This prespecified interim analysis was to be conducted on the first 315 patients after at least 18 months of follow-up. Results The interim analysis included 210 patients randomized to TTFields plus temozolomide and 105 randomized to temozolomide alone, and was conducted at a median follow-up of 38 months (range, 18-60 months). Median progression-free survival in the intent-to-treat population was 7.1 months (95% CI, 5.9-8.2 months) in the TTFields plus temozolomide group and 4.0 months (95% CI, 3.3-5.2 months) in the temozolomide alone group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.62 [98.7% CI, 0.43-0.89]; P = .001). Median overall survival in the per-protocol population was 20.5 months (95% CI, 16.7-25.0 months) in the TTFields plus temozolomide group (n = 196) and 15.6 months (95% CI, 13.3-19.1 months) in the temozolomide alone group (n = 84) (HR, 0.64 [99.4% CI, 0.42-0.98]; P = .004). Conclusions and Relevance In this interim analysis of 315 patients with glioblastoma who had completed standard chemoradiation therapy, adding TTFields to maintenance temozolomide chemotherapy significantly prolonged progression-free and overall survival. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00916409
926 citations
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TL;DR: It is forecast that the proportion of care provided by intensivists and pulmonologists in the United States will decrease below current standards in less than 10 years, and most anticipated effects are minor in comparison with the growing disease burden created by the aging US population.
Abstract: ContextTwo important areas of medicine, care of the critically ill and management
of pulmonary disease, are likely to be influenced by the aging of the US population.ObjectiveTo estimate current and future requirements for adult critical care
and pulmonary medicine physicians in the United States.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsAnalysis of existing population, patient, and hospital data sets and
prospective, nationally representative surveys of intensive care unit (ICU)
directors (n = 393) and critical care specialists (intensivists) and pulmonary
specialists (pulmonologists) (n = 421), conducted from 1996 to 1999.Main Outcome MeasuresInfluence of patient, physician, regional, hospital, and payer characteristics
on current practice patterns; forecasted future supply of and demand for specialist
care through 2030. Separate models for critical care and pulmonary disease.
Base-case projections with sensitivity analyses to estimate the impact of
future changes in training and retirement, disease prevalence and management,
and health care reform initiatives.ResultsIn 1997, intensivists provided care to 36.8% of all ICU patients. Care
in the ICU was provided more commonly by intensivists in regions with high
managed care penetration. The current ratio of supply to demand is forecast
to remain in rough equilibrium until 2007. Subsequently, demand will grow
rapidly while supply will remain near constant, yielding a shortfall of specialist
hours equal to 22% of demand by 2020 and 35% by 2030, primarily because of
the aging of the US population. Sensitivity analyses suggest that the spread
of current health care reform initiatives will either have no effect or worsen
this shortfall. A shortfall of pulmonologist time will also occur before 2007
and increase to 35% by 2020 and 46% by 2030.ConclusionsWe forecast that the proportion of care provided by intensivists and
pulmonologists in the United States will decrease below current standards
in less than 10 years. While current health care reform initiatives and modification
of existing practice patterns may temporarily forestall this problem, most
anticipated effects are minor in comparison with the growing disease burden
created by the aging US population.
926 citations
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TL;DR: DC resulted in a more favorable overall response and survival rate than VC, demonstrating that a docetaxel plus platinum combination is an effective treatment option with a favorable therapeutic index for first-line treatment of advanced or metastatic NSCLC.
Abstract: Purpose: To investigate whether docetaxel plus platinum regimens improve survival and affect quality of life (QoL) in advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with vinorelbine plus cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: Patients (n = 1,218) with stage IIIB to IV NSCLC were randomly assigned to receive docetaxel 75 mg/m2 and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks (DC); docetaxel 75 mg/m2 and carboplatin area under the curve of 6 mg/mL • min every 3 weeks (DCb); or vinorelbine 25 mg/m2/wk and cisplatin 100 mg/m2 every 4 weeks (VC). Results: Patients treated with DC had a median survival of 11.3 v 10.1 months for VC-treated patients (P = .044; hazard ratio, 1.183 [97.2% confidence interval, 0.989 to 1.416]). The 2-year survival rate was 21% for DC-treated patients and 14% for VC-treated patients. Overall response rate was 31.6% for DC-treated patients v 24.5% for VC-treated patients (P = .029). Median survival (9.4 v 9.9 months [for VC]; P = .657; hazard ratio, 1.048 [97.2 confiden...
925 citations
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of previous research on education and learning to think, highlighting successful learning strategies and making specific recommendations about problems and directions requiring further study, including the possibilities of teaching general reasoning, the attempts to improve intelligence, thinking skills in academic disciplines, and methods of cultivating the disposition toward higher order thinking and learning.
Abstract: The economic and social challenges confronting the nation today demand that all citizens acquire and learn to use complex reasoning and thinking skills. Education and Learning to Think confronts the issues facing our schools as they take on this mission. This volume reviews previous research, highlights successful learning strategies, and makes specific recommendations about problems and directions requiring further study. Among the topics covered are the nature of thinking and learning, the possibilities of teaching general reasoning, the attempts to improve intelligence, thinking skills in academic disciplines, methods of cultivating the disposition toward higher order thinking and learning, and the integral role motivation plays in these activities.
925 citations
Authors
Showing all 87737 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
JoAnn E. Manson | 270 | 1819 | 258509 |
Graham A. Colditz | 261 | 1542 | 256034 |
Yi Chen | 217 | 4342 | 293080 |
David J. Hunter | 213 | 1836 | 207050 |
David Miller | 203 | 2573 | 204840 |
Rakesh K. Jain | 200 | 1467 | 177727 |
Lewis C. Cantley | 196 | 748 | 169037 |
Dennis W. Dickson | 191 | 1243 | 148488 |
Terrie E. Moffitt | 182 | 594 | 150609 |
Dennis S. Charney | 179 | 802 | 122408 |
Ronald C. Petersen | 178 | 1091 | 153067 |
David L. Kaplan | 177 | 1944 | 146082 |
Jasvinder A. Singh | 176 | 2382 | 223370 |
Richard K. Wilson | 173 | 463 | 260000 |
Deborah J. Cook | 173 | 907 | 148928 |