scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Institution

University of Pittsburgh

EducationPittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
About: University of Pittsburgh is a education organization based out in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 87042 authors who have published 201012 publications receiving 9656783 citations. The organization is also known as: Pitt & Western University of Pennsylvania.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The hypothesis that there is a specific physiological basis to the geriatric syndrome of frailty that is characterized in part by increased inflammation and elevated markers of blood clotting is supported and that these physiological differences persist when those with diabetes and cardiovascular disease are excluded.
Abstract: Background The biological basis of frailty has been difficult to establish owing to the lack of a standard definition, its complexity, and its frequent coexistence with illness. Objective To establish the biological correlates of frailty in the presence and absence of concurrent cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Methods Participants were 4735 community-dwelling adults 65 years and older. Frail, intermediate, and nonfrail subjects were identified by a validated screening tool and exclusion criteria. Bivariate relationships between frailty level and physiological measures were evaluated by Pearson χ 2 tests for categorical variables and analysis of variance F tests for continuous variables. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to evaluate multivariable relationships between frailty status and physiological measures. Results Of 4735 Cardiovascular Health Study participants, 299 (6.3%) were identified as frail, 2147 (45.3%) as intermediate, and 2289 (48.3%) as not frail. Frail vs nonfrail participants had increased mean ± SD levels of C-reactive protein (5.5 ± 9.8 vs 2.7 ± 4.0 mg/L), factor VIII (13 790 ± 4480 vs 11 860 ± 3460 mg/dL), and, in a smaller subset, D dimer (647 ± 1033 vs 224 ± 258 ng/mL) ( P ≤.001 for all, χ 2 test for trend). These differences persisted when individuals with cardiovascular disease and diabetes were excluded and after adjustment for age, sex, and race. Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that there is a specific physiological basis to the geriatric syndrome of frailty that is characterized in part by increased inflammation and elevated markers of blood clotting and that these physiological differences persist when those with diabetes and cardiovascular disease are excluded.

891 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current understanding of how and why sex determination evolves in animals and plants is reviewed.
Abstract: Sexual reproduction is an ancient feature of life on earth, and the familiar X and Y chromo- somes in humans and other model species have led to the impression that sex determination mecha- nisms are old and conserved. In fact, males and females are deter- mined by diverse mechanisms that evolve rapidly in many taxa. Yet this diversity in primary sex-deter- mining signals is coupled with conserved molecular pathways that trigger male or female develop- ment. Conflicting selection on dif- ferent parts of the genome and on the two sexes may drive many of these transitions, but few systems with rapid turnover of sex determi- nation mechanisms have been rig- orously studied. Here we survey our current understanding of how and why sex determination evolves in animals and plants and identify important gaps in our knowledge that present exciting research op- portunities to characterize the evo- lutionary forces and molecular pathways underlying the evolution of sex determination.

890 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of mammography plus tomosynthesis in a screening environment resulted in a significantly higher cancer detection rate and enabled the detection of more invasive cancers.
Abstract: We found a significant increase in cancer detection rates, particularly for invasive cancers, and a simultaneous decrease in false-positive rates with use of mammography plus tomosynthesis compared with mammography alone.

890 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors identified and then confirmed through replication two new genetic loci for SLE: a promoter-region allele associated with reduced expression of BLK and increased expression of C8orf13 and variants in the ITGAM-ITGAX region.
Abstract: Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinically heterogeneous disease in which the risk of disease is influenced by complex genetic and environmental contributions Alleles of HLA-DRB1, IRF5, and STAT4 are established susceptibility genes; there is strong evidence for the existence of additional risk loci Methods We genotyped more than 500,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA samples from 1311 case subjects with SLE and 1783 control subjects; all subjects were North Americans of European descent Genotypes from 1557 additional control subjects were obtained from public data repositories We measured the association between the SNPs and SLE after applying strict quality-control filters to reduce technical artifacts and to correct for the presence of population stratification Replication of the top loci was performed in 793 case subjects and 857 control subjects from Sweden Results Genetic variation in the region upstream from the transcription initiation site of the gene encod

890 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The addition of preoperative or postoperative T after preoperative AC did not significantly affect OS, slightly improved DFS, and decreased the incidence of local recurrences.
Abstract: Purpose This study was designed to determine the effect of adding docetaxel (T) to preoperative doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) on breast cancer response rates and disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Patients and Methods Women with operable breast cancer (N = 2,411) were randomly assigned to receive preoperative AC followed by surgery, AC followed by T and surgery, or AC followed by surgery and then T. Tamoxifen was initiated concurrently with chemotherapy. Median time on study for 2,404 patients with follow-up was 77.9 months. Results Addition of T to AC did not significantly impact DFS or OS. There were trends toward improved DFS with addition of T. The addition of T reduced the incidence of local recurrences as first events (P = .0034). Preoperative T, but not postoperative T, significantly improved DFS in patients who had a clinical partial response after AC (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.91; P = .007). Pathologic complete response, which was doubled by addition ...

889 citations


Authors

Showing all 87737 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
JoAnn E. Manson2701819258509
Graham A. Colditz2611542256034
Yi Chen2174342293080
David J. Hunter2131836207050
David Miller2032573204840
Rakesh K. Jain2001467177727
Lewis C. Cantley196748169037
Dennis W. Dickson1911243148488
Terrie E. Moffitt182594150609
Dennis S. Charney179802122408
Ronald C. Petersen1781091153067
David L. Kaplan1771944146082
Jasvinder A. Singh1762382223370
Richard K. Wilson173463260000
Deborah J. Cook173907148928
Network Information
Related Institutions (5)
University of Pennsylvania
257.6K papers, 14.1M citations

98% related

Johns Hopkins University
249.2K papers, 14M citations

97% related

Yale University
220.6K papers, 12.8M citations

97% related

Columbia University
224K papers, 12.8M citations

97% related

University of Washington
305.5K papers, 17.7M citations

97% related

Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023260
20221,089
202111,151
202010,407
20199,333
20188,577