University of Pittsburgh

About: University of Pittsburgh is a education organization based out in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 87042 authors who have published 201012 publications receiving 9656783 citations. The organization is also known as: Pitt & Western University of Pennsylvania.

Tectonic discrimination of granitoids

Abstract: Granitoids as categorized by tectonic environment are (1) island arc granitoids (IAG), (2) continental arc granitoids (CAG), (3) continental collision granitoids (CCG), (4) postorogenic granitoids (POG), (5) rift-related granitoids (RRG), (6) continental epeirogenic uplift granitoids (CEUG), and (7) oceanic plagiogranites (OP). Of these, the IAG, CAG, CCG, and POG are considered orogenic granitoids, and the RRG, CEUG, and OP are considered anorogenic granitoids. The discrimination of granitoids is based on the major-element chemistry. Various discrimination plots are presented which sequentially discriminate the different tectonic environments. OP are separated from all other granitoids on the K2O versus SiO2 plot. Discrimination between group I (IAG + CAG + CCG), group II (RRG + CEUG), and group III (POG) granitoids can be achieved by using plots of Al2O3 versus SiO2, FeO(T)/ [FeO(T) + MgO] versus SiO2, and AFM and ACF ternary diagrams. In the figures, group I and group II plot in individual fields. Identification of group III is different, in that group III does not have a unique field in which it plots. Group III is identified because it consistently displays characteristics of both group I and group II. Further discrimination within group I can be accomplished on the basis of Shand's index. Only CCG have A/CNK [AL2O3/(CaO + Na2O + K2O)] values greater than 1.15. It is not possible to discriminate between IAG and CAG. Further discrimination within group II is done using the TiO2 versus SiO2 plot. The proposed discrimination scheme is applied to the Proterozoic granitoids of the midcontinent of the United States. It is shown that the Arbuckle granitoids are not anorogenic as previously thought.

Gait speed and survival in older adults.

Abstract: Context Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival. Physical performance measures, such as gait speed, might help account for variability, allowing clinicians to make more individualized estimates. Objective To evaluate the relationship between gait speed and survival. Design, Setting, and Participants Pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies (collected between 1986 and 2000), using individual data from 34 485 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older with baseline gait speed data, followed up for 6 to 21 years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (5.9) years; 59.6%, women; and 79.8%, white; and had a mean (SD) gait speed of 0.92 (0.27) m/s. Main Outcome Measures Survival rates and life expectancy. Results There were 17 528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%-88.8%) and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.5%-70.6%). Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90; P Conclusion In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.

The scanning model for translation: an update.

Abstract: The small (40S) subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes is believed to bind initially at the capped 5'-end of messenger RNA and then migrate, stopping at the first AUG codon in a favorable context for initiating translation. The first-AUG rule is not absolute, but there are rules for breaking the rule. Some anomalous observations that seemed to contradict the scanning mechanism now appear to be artifacts. A few genuine anomalies remain unexplained.

Comprehensive genomic characterization of squamous cell lung cancers

Abstract: Lung squamous cell carcinoma is a common type of lung cancer, causing approximately 400,000 deaths per year worldwide. Genomic alterations in squamous cell lung cancers have not been comprehensively characterized, and no molecularly targeted agents have been specifically developed for its treatment. As part of The Cancer Genome Atlas, here we profile 178 lung squamous cell carcinomas to provide a comprehensive landscape of genomic and epigenomic alterations. We show that the tumour type is characterized by complex genomic alterations, with a mean of 360 exonic mutations, 165 genomic rearrangements, and 323 segments of copy number alteration per tumour. We find statistically recurrent mutations in 11 genes, including mutation of TP53 in nearly all specimens. Previously unreported loss-of-function mutations are seen in the HLA-A class I major histocompatibility gene. Significantly altered pathways included NFE2L2 and KEAP1 in 34%, squamous differentiation genes in 44%, phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase pathway genes in 47%, and CDKN2A and RB1 in 72% of tumours. We identified a potential therapeutic target in most tumours, offering new avenues of investigation for the treatment of squamous cell lung cancers.