Showing papers by "University of Queensland published in 1971"
863 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the multi-index of integers is defined as the sum of the distributional derivatives of all functions in the Orlicz spaces LB(G) or EB(Q) such that all the derivatives of a function are contained in LB (G) and EB (Q) for all values with 1 a: 1 < m.
281 citations
TL;DR: In this article, trajectories for particles in the path of a spherical bubble rising in an infinite pool of liquid are calculated from grazing trajectories, and collision efficiences corresponding to values of a particle inertia parameter K down to 0·001 and a particle gravity parameter G up to 0.3 for both Stokes and potential flow fields around the bubble.
177 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, six types of bubbling action in the dynamic regime are distinguished for "inviscid" flow into a deep pool from a single orifice over a chamber of finite capacity: single and double bubbling, with and without delayed release; pairing and doublepairing.
107 citations
93 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a wave-like wave model was proposed for the sublayer of a fully developed turbulent pipe flow, at Reynolds numbers between 10600 and 46400, which is consistent with a wave model for the entire sublayer.
Abstract: Two-dimensional frequency-wave-number spectra [Fcy ](kx, ω) and [Fcy ](kz, ω) of the longitudinal velocity component are presented for the sublayer in fully developed turbulent pipe flow, at Reynolds numbers between 10600 and 46400. All of these sublayer spectra apparently scale by introducing dimensionless quantities based on a chara cteristic length scale ν/UT and a characteristic time scale ν/UT2.Representative convection velocities have been obtained from the [Fcy ](kx ω) spectra. The characteristic convection velocity in the sublayer is independent of wave-number and is the same at all positions in the layer cx ≃ 8·0UT. This result has led to the conclusion that sublayer turbulence is wave-like.Existing visualization data seem to indicate that the sublayer waves are also relatively periodic at least at low values of Reynolds number. Characteristic dimensions of the sublayer waves are λ+x ≃ 630, and λz+ = 135. Results of the visualization studies of Fage & Townend (1932) and of Runstadler, Kline & Reynolds (1963) and Kline et al. (1967) do not appear to conflict with a wave model for the sublayer.All of the existing measurements of the sublayer have been for relatively low Reynolds numbers. Some of the present results for positions just outside the sublayer suggest that at Reynolds numbers greater than 30000, the structure and properties will change substantially from those observed to date. In particular the streaky structure which is commonly regarded as being characteristic of the sublayer will probably not be detected at sufficiently high Reynolds numbers.
91 citations
TL;DR: A convenient procedure for the extraction, purification, and estimation of Fraction I protein, the major soluble protein in the chloroplast, is described.
80 citations
TL;DR: The writer concludes that T. vitulorum larvae undertake a transmammary migration in cattle and that calves acquire infection from their mothers after birth.
69 citations
TL;DR: The tentacle toxin elicited no direct activity on vertebrate or crustacean skeletal musculature and showed negligible dermonecrotic activity; its pharmacological activity was markedly different from that exhibited by the toxin isolated from nematocysts.
63 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an inverse relationship was found between the content of malic enzyme in leaves and that of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases in the C4-dicarboxylic acid pathway.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the fugacity of water has been calculated for two rhyolites with cummingtonite-orthopyroxene-quartz phenocrysts; at 735° C and 745° C, fHO is 1100 and 1300 bars respectively.
Abstract: The glassy acid pumices, lavas and ignimbrites of the Pleistocene-Recent Central volcanic region of New Zealand contain iron-titanium oxide microphenocrysts, whose composition has been determined. Thirteen coexisting titanomagnetite-ilmenite pairs (all onephase and homogeneous) give two groups of equilibration temperatures: 735-780° C for amphibole-bearing rhyolites, and 860-890° C for very young non-amphibole-bearing pumices. O/O analyses of coexisting phenocrysts from five amphibole-bearing rhyolites give estimated temperatures in the range 695-860° C, with an average of approximately 780° C. Using Zen's (1971) thermodynamic data on anthophyllite, the fugacity of water has been calculated for two rhyolites with cummingtonite-orthopyroxene-quartz phenocrysts; at 735° C and 745° C, fHO is 1100 and 1300 bars respectively. These values are consistent with that derived for an analysed phenocryst assemblage of biotite-sanidine-magnetite. As all the investigated rhyolites contain phenocrysts of orthopyroxene and magnetite, it is suggested that the small increase in {Mathematical expression} of the low-temperature amphibole assemblages in comparison to the amphibole-free assemblages is caused by higher silica activity, as quartz phenocrysts are absent in the high-temperature amphibole-free rhyolites. The existence of large-scale rhyolitic magmas, with phenocryst contents ranging from 0-40 %, at temperatures in the lower part of the magmatic range, is interpreted to be consistent with previously suggested models of upper crustal anatexis in New Zealand, in which the breakdown of micas contributed the water necessary for partial melting. Details of the occurrence and chemistry of the cummingtonite phenocrysts are given in the appendix.
TL;DR: Abscisic acid, a natural plant hormone, has been found to inhibit photosynthesis in both detached and attached primary wheat leaves, accompanied by large increases in stomatal diffusive resistance.
Abstract: (RS)-Abscisic acid, a natural plant hormone, has been found to inhibit photosynthesis in both detached and attached primary wheat leaves. The action occurs rapidly and is accompanied by large increases in stomatal diffusive resistance.
TL;DR: In this article, the nucleation, growth and agglomeration of crystalline aluminium trihydroxide in caustic aluminate solutions under Bayer process conditions are described.
TL;DR: Detached wheat leaves incubated in water in darkness rapidly lose starch and are ultrastructurally degenerate by 5 days, and treatment with kinetin via the transpiration stream markedly delays the loss of starch and maintains, but does not increase, chloroplast and cytoplasmic ribosome populations.
Abstract: Detached wheat leaves incubated in water in darkness rapidly lose starch and are ultrastructurally degenerate by 5 days. Chloroplast ribosomes disappear before cytoplasmic ribosomes and groups of wavy membranes can be detected in both mature and degenerating chloroplasts. Large lipid bodies appear in the cytoplasm and vacuole during senescence, and osmiophilic fibrils and deposits develop in the microbodies. Treatment with kinetin via the transpiration stream markedly delays the loss of starch and maintains, but does not increase, chloroplast and cytoplasmic ribosome populations. ABA accelerates degenerative changes as compared with the water treated control leaves but does not induce any specific ultrastructural effects.
TL;DR: Of the four common Australasian cymatiids studied, Cabestana spengleri and Mayena australasia feed almost entirely on simple ascidians while Charonia rubicunda is a nocturnal predator while the other species feed almost continually.
TL;DR: In eight experiments the osmolality of the ruminal liquor was increased by the addition to the rumen of NaCl, KCl or the salts of volatile fatty acids in 250 ml water, which is consistent with the theory that the food intake at a single meal may be related to the degree of tissue hydration at the beginning of the meal.
Abstract: 1. Experiments are described in which the food intake and the water intake of sheep at a single meal were measured. The sheep were offered lucerne chaff ad lib. for 2 h only each day.2. Following the peritoneal infusion of physiological saline the food intake increased, while the injection of a diuretic before feeding caused the food intake to be decreased.3. In eight experiments the osmolality of the ruminal liquor was increased by the addition to the rumen of NaCl, KCl or the salts of volatile fatty acids in 250 ml water. The decrease in food intake was related to the osmolality, but not to the energy content, of the added electrolyte solution. In a further experiment, sheep receiving a highly digestible lucerne chaff, containing 1% (w/w) NaCl, increased their food intake when water was added to the rumen. Other workers have concluded that gastric osmolality is an important variable in the control of food intake in monogastric animals. The results of the eight experiments now described suggest that ruminal osmolality is of similar importance in ruminants.4. It is suggested that all these observations are consistent with the theory, which has been proposed for non-ruminant animals, that the food intake at a single meal may be related to the degree of tissue hydration at the beginning of the meal.
TL;DR: Urethane, or a metabolite, has been shown to bind covalently to mouse liver DNA and protein, but not to RNA.
TL;DR: In this paper, Baum et al. combined with P. W. Bridgman's (1957) data on the pressure coefficients of resistivity in solid iron alloys and extrapolated to pressures, temperatures and probable compositions for the Earth's core.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors extend the Laguerre function method to orthogonal models and present a convenient mode (or mean) matching method for choosing the best weighting factor for use with the method.
TL;DR: Flavonoid pigments identified in leaves of representative members of the Anarthriaceae, Araceae, Flagellariaceae, Sparganiaceae, Typhaceae and Palmae support a recent numerical analysis based on morphological characters linking the palms and the grasses.
TL;DR: Phosphopyruvate carboxylase was purified 60-fold from maize leaf lamina and the effect of various metabolites on the activity of the enzyme examined and oxaloacetate was the only compound found that inhibited the enzyme at physiological concentrations.
TL;DR: In this article, the Peclet number is calculated in the form of an asymptotic expansion so that the required values can be calculated in a simple fashion, and the solution given here also takes into account preheating of the incoming fluid, and shows that this has a significant effect.
TL;DR: Results suggest that NADP-malate dehydrogenase may have a common role in both Calvin cycle and C4-photosynthesis.
TL;DR: The ribulosediphosphate carboxylase activity and fraction-1 protein content of leaves of several plants with the C 4 -dicarboxylic acid pathway were much higher than those reported in earlier studies.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the inadequacy of multidomain theory and consequent necessity for pseudo-single domain theory are less serious than has been supposed, and that the relative enhancement of ARM in smaller grains is comparable to the enhancement of thermoremanence and therefore appears to indicate a pseudosingle domain contribution to ARM in small grains.
Abstract: ARM has been measured in a range of inducing, steady fields up to 50 oersteds and for 6 sizes of magnetite grains with average diameters 5 μm to 174 μm. For all sizes a slight non-linearity of ARM with inducing field was found, apparently comprising a non-linear contribution independent of grain size plus a linear contribution which increased with decreasing grain size. In the largest grains induced ARM agreed well with multidomain grain theory. Relative enhancement of ARM in smaller grains is comparable to the enhancement of thermoremanence and therefore appears to indicate a pseudosingle domain contribution to ARM in small grains. However the observations allow an alternative explanation in terms of more extreme dimension ratios in the smaller grains. Presentation of the equations for multidomain ARM and TRM using observed instead of intrinsic susceptibilities makes it appear that the inadequacy of multidomain theory (and consequent necessity for pseudo-single domain theory) are less serious than has been supposed.
TL;DR: Results presented in this paper establish the presence of inorganic polyphosphates in saprophytic cultures of the wheat stem rust fungus, and in non-infected and rust- infected primary leaves of wheat.
Abstract: Results presented in this paper establish the presence of inorganic polyphosphates in saprophytic cultures of the wheat stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis tritici), and in non-infected and rust- infected primary leaves of wheat. Evidence for the presence of these compounds was based on acid-lability, non-adsorption to charcoal, metachromatic reaction with toluidine blue, paper chromatographic mobility and histochemical staining. Ten days after inoculation, rust-infected primary leaves of wheat contained eight times more inorganic polyphosphate than control leaves of the same age. Much of this polyphosphate was located in the stem rust uredospores. Further analysis of the uredospores revealed that approximately 90% of the cold acid-soluble phosphorus which was not adsorbed to charcoal was in the form of inorganic polyphosphate. The corresponding figure for the saprophytic rust mycelium was 80%. Rust-infected wheat leaves and saprophytic mycelium contained both high and low molecular weight polyphosphates. The low molecular weight polyphosphates were heterogeneous with respect to electrophoretic mobility on polyacrylamide gels. In contrast, the polyphosphates of non-infected wheat leaves were of low molecular weight only and were relatively homogeneous.
TL;DR: In this article, the Monte Carlo method has been applied to the electro-geometric model used for the analysis of frequency of lightning strokes and shielding failures on overhead lines and has enabled theoretical studies to be made of how these parameters are influenced by conductor sag, variations in terrain, and the presence of trees surrounding the line route.
Abstract: The probabilistic approach of the Monte Carlo method has been applied to the electro-geometric model used for the analysis of frequency of lightning strokes and shielding failures on overhead lines This approach has enabled theoretical studies to be made of how these parameters are influenced by conductor sag, variations in terrain, and the presence of trees surrounding the line route