Showing papers by "University of Rajasthan published in 1995"

Totipotency of coleoptile tissue in indica rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. ch 1039).

Abstract: Embryogenic and non-embryogenic calluses were induced from 3,4,5 and 7d old coleoptile segments of indica rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. CH 1039). Compact, globular, yellow and creamy embryogenic and white friable non-embryogenic callus arose from the cut end and entire length of the coleoptile segments. Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 2.5mg/1 2,4-D was used as callus induction medium. Plant regeneration from coleoptile segments occurred with the transfer of embryogenic callus to MS basal medium supplemented with 2.0mg/1 BAP and 0.5mg/1 NAA in combination. Average number of regenerated plants from one coleoptile ranged from9.1 to 14.0.Four day old coleoptiles showed the highest frequency of plant regeneration.

Hypocholesterolemic activity of nut shell extract of Semecarpus anacardium (Bhilawa) in cholesterol fed rabbits.

Abstract: Administration of S. anacardium nut shell extract to cholesterol fed rabbits resulted in a significant reduction in serum cholesterol (-73.3%) and serum LDL-Chol. (-80%). The extract feeding also prevented the accumulation of cholesterol/triglycerides in liver, heart muscle and aorta and caused a regression of plaques (75.3-83.5%). These results indicate that S. anacardium is hypocholesterolemic in action and prevents cholesterol induced atheroma. Possible mechanism of action is discussed.

Ion-acoustic nonlinear periodic waves in a two-electron-temperature plasma.

Abstract: We present a comprehensive study of nonlinear periodic waves, namely, the Korteweg--de Vries (KdV) and modified KdV (MKdV) cnoidal waves, and snoidal waves in a two-electron-temperature plasma. In the limiting case, these periodic waves reduce to bounded nonlinear structures, namely, KdV compressive and rarefactive solitons, MKdV compressive and rarefactive solitons, and double layers. The existence regions for these waves in the parameter space (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{e}}$,${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{e}}$), where ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{e}}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{e}}$ are the density and temperature ratios of two electron species, are discussed in detail. The different nonlinear periodic waves and bounded structures have been explained in terms of physical parameters depicting the phase curves. It is found that the frequencies of the MKdV cnoidal and snoidal waves have different amplitude dependence behaviors than that of KdV cnoidal waves. The effect of other parameters on the characteristics of the nonlinear periodic waves are also discussed.

Prevention of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in rabbits after supplementation of Myristica fragrans seed extract.

Abstract: Myristica seed extr. administration to hypercholesterolemic rabbits reduced serum cholesterol and LDL Cholesterol by 69.1% and 76.3% respectively and also lowered cholesterol/phospholipid ratio by 31.2% and elevated the decreased HDL-ratio significantly. Myristica seed extr. feeding also prevented the accumulation of cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides in liver, heart and aorta and dissolved atheromatous plaques of aorta by 70.9-76.5%. Fecal excretion of cholesterol and phospholipid were significantly increased in seed extract fed rabbits.

Comparison of developmental stages of inflorescence for high frequency plant regeneration in Triticum aestivum L. and T. durum Desf.

Abstract: Whole immature inflorescences at 4 different developmental stages (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 cm in size) of different genotypes of Triticum aestivum and T. durum were cultured to see the morphogenetic responses on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (2.5 mg/l). Very young inflorescences 0.5 and 1.0cm long formed embryogenic callus from their entire surface while 1.5 and 2.0 cm long inflorescences formed embryogenic callus from the basal spikelets and rachis only. This embryogenic callus was maintained by regular subcultures on MS medium with 2,4-D (2.5 mg/l) for more than a year. Plantlets were regenerated by transferring the embryogenic callus on hormone-free MS medium. Inflorescences (0.5 and 1.0 cm long) responded best in forming callus as well as plantlets at a very high frequency. Variation in response was observed amongst the genotypes but the qualitative response of formation of embryogenic callus and later regeneration of plantlets was observed from all the genotypes. Immature young inflorescence explants could provide a suitable material for particle gun mediated genetic transformation in wheat.

Biodiversity conservation through faith and tradition in India: some case studies

Abstract: SUMMARY In India, since ancient times, several members of the flora and fauna have been identified with particular personalities of the Hindu pantheon and are worshipped. Many wild animals, such as tigers, lions and elephants, and birds such as the peacock, owl and swan have been revered as the vehicles of Gods and Goddesses and worshipped. Several trees, such as mango, coconut, khejri, emblica, tamarind, ashoka, madhuca and wood apple, and herbs such as basil are considered highly sacred and worshipped. This belief and these practices continue in one form or another even today in certain sections of Indian society, particularly the rural folk and the aboriginal tribes living in the forest. Nature worship is a form of tribal belief and the faith of these laymen has helped to conserve many natural ecosystems in India. They have preserved many pristine forests—called ‘sacred groves’ in their original forms. Sacred groves are rich in biodiversity. They are the last refuge of the rare flora and fauna which ha...

1,4,2‐Diazaphospholothiazoles and ‐pyridines by a Hantzsch‐Type Condensation Using Chloromethyldichlorophosphane

Abstract: The [3 + 2] cyclocondensation of 2-amino-1,3-thiazoline, 2-aminopyridines, 2- and 4-aminopyrimidines, 2-aminopyrazine, and 2-aminoquinoline with chloromethyldichlorophosphane in the presence of triethylamine yields regiospecifically 5,6-dihydrothiazolo[2,3-e][1,4,2]diazaphosphole (3), 1,4,2-diazaphospholo[4,5-α]pyridines (12), 1,4,2-diazaphospholo[4,5-α]pyrimidines (15), 1,4,2-diazaphospholo[4,5-e]pyrimidine (17), 1,4,2-diazaphospholo[4,5-α]pyrazine (19), and [1,4,2]diazaphospholo[4,5-α]quinoline (22), respectively. Using 2-amino-1,3-thiazole (4) and 2-aminobenzothiazoles 8, we obtained mixtures of the 1,5- and 4,5-anellated 1,4,2-diazaphospholes 5/6, 9a/10a and 9b/10b, while in the case of the methyl derivative 8c only the [1,4,2]diazaphospholo[5,4-b][1,3]benzothiazole 10c was formed. In the reaction of 2-aminothiazole and 2-aminopyrazine with Chloromethyldichlorophosphane the bis(diazaphospholo)-substituted chloromethylphosphanes 7 and 20 could be detected. The new anellated 1,4,2-diazaphospholes are colorless to pale yellow crystalline moisture-sensitive solids.

Chemopreventive Action of Ocimum sanctum on 2,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene DMBA-Induced Papillomagenesis in the Skin of Mice

Abstract: The present paper reports the chemopreventive activity of an ethanol leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum on DMBA-induced papillomagenesis in the skin of male Swiss albino mice. A single topical application of DMBA (50 μg/50 μl of acetone) followed, 2 weeks later, by repeated applications of croton oil (1% in acetone, three times/week) resulted in the appearance of skin papillomas in 100% of the animals. However, treatment of the animals with an ethanol leaf extract of Ocimum (800 mg/Kg body weight) through gastric intubation, significantly reduced not only the number of tumor-bearing mice but also the cumulative number of papillomas and the mean number of tumors per mouse. Oral treatment with the Ocimum leaf extract for 15 days resulted in significant elevation of glutathione S-transferase activity in hepatic (P<0.01) and extrahepatic (P<0.01) tissues. Reduced glutathione level was also elevated by treatment with the leaf extract in liver, lung and stomach tissues.

28Si(32S) fragmentation at 3.7 A, 14.6 A and 200 A GeV

Abstract: The fragmentation topology of28Si at 3.7A GeV and 14.6A GeV and32S at 200A GeV in reactions with emulsion nuclei is presented. The fragmentation cross sections are very similar at all three energies. A statistical percolation model can qualitatively describe the data forZ≥ 6. The He production is underestimated and the 3 ≤Z ≤ 5 fragments overestimated by this model.

Light and electron microscopic changes in the ovary of zinc deficient BALB/c mice.

Abstract: Female BALB/c strain of mice fed on Zn deficient diet for 2-, 4- and 6- weeks exhibited prolonged diestrous phase with only VII types of follicles instead of VIII as compared to their respective control and pairfed. Light microscopic studies displayed increased atresia, cessation of oogenesis and ovulation, degeneration of follicular cells of zona granulosa, clumped chromatin of oocyte and disrupted zona pellucida and corona radiata. Ultrastructural studies of peripheral follicular and theca interstitial cells of type VI and VII follicles revealed swollen mitochondria, dilated ERs (free of RNP particles), increased lysosomes, several necrotic areas of cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei. Conclusively, Zn deficiency may lead to (1) reduction in energy, protein intake and in secretion of GnRH by hypothalamus and LH and FSH by hypophysis, (2) increased synthesis and/or secretion of prolactin. (3) reduced output of estrogen, and (4) eventually slow growth or arrest of ovulation or atresia of the growing follicles in the ovary.

Effect of tellurium substitution on the crystallization kinetics of amorphous selenium

Abstract: Electrical conductivity has been used as a structurally sensitive parameter characterizing the isothermal crystallization process in amorphous Se and SeTe alloy. The nature of the growth phase, during the phase transition in Se : Te is discussed and compared with that for Se. A decrease in the average value of the growth parameter, n, and the effective activation energy for crystal growth, E6, has been observed in the present study on Te substitution.

Kinetics and mechanism of electron transfer reactions in aqueous solutions: Silver(I) catalyzed oxidation of aspartic acid by cerium (IV) in acid perchlorate medium

Abstract: Silver(I) catalyzed oxidation of aspartic acid by cerium(IV) was studied in acid perchlorate medium. The stoichiometry of the reaction is represented by the eq. (i) Dimeric cerium(IV) species has been indicated and employed in calculations of monomeric cerium(IV) species concentrations. The reaction is second-order and uncatalyzed reaction also simultaneously occurs along with the silver(I) catalyzed reaction conforming to the rate law (ii) where k is an observed second-order rate constant. A probable reaction mechanism is suggested. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Synthesis of dihydro-2-(2-phenyl-indole-3-yl)-4-aryl-1,5-benzothiazepines

Abstract: A series of novel dihydro-2-(2-phenyl-indole-3-yl)-4-aryl-1,5-benzothiazepines (III) have been synthesized by the reaction of 2-aminothiophenol with 2-phenyl-3-(3-aryl-3-oxo-propen-1-yl)-indoles (I) in ethanol and gl. acetic acid mixture. Chalcones (I) were prepared by the reaction of 2-phenyl-1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde with substituted acetophenones in ethanolic sodium hydroxide. The compounds have been characterized on the basis of elemental and spectral studies and were screened for their antifungal and antibacterial activities.

Electronic structure studies of the Bi2212 system by polarised X-ray absorption measurement

Abstract: Polarised X-ray absorption (XAS) measurements have been made on high-quality superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2Os+y (Bi2212) single crystals to investigate the microscopic electronic structure in the normal and superconducting state of the system. The Cu L 3 XAS results led us to conclude that either there are no holes of 3dzz symmetry, or if any, they are insignificant in number. On the other hand, the O K XAS results show the presence of a significant density of p~ symmetry orbitals for itinerant holes. An increase in the 3d9_L/3d 9 ratio estimated from the Cu L 3 XAS measurements was observed while going from the normal to the superconducting state of the system. The results are discussed in the light of the structural distortions taking place below T c.

Growth of Albugo candida (race unidentified) on Brassica juncea callus cultures

Abstract: An obligate fungus Albugo candida (Pers. ex Lev.) Ktze. (race unidentified) was successfully grown on host callus tissues of Brassica juncea cv. Varuna. Of the various type of diseased explants used, young (green) hypertrophied inflorescence axis bearing non-erumpent zoosporangial blisters allowed the fungus to multiply asexually over the host calli on modified MS-medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962). The dual cultures were maintained up to 6–8 subcultures without loss of viability of zoosporangia on MS-medium supplemented with 10.0 mg L−1 IBA, 0.05 mg L−1 kinetin, 25.0 mg L−1 AA, 1.0 mg L−1 biotin, 1.0 mg L−1 thiamine-HCl and 1.0 g L−1 casein hydrolysate. The fungus grew only on the callus cells and not axenically on the medium. Pathogenicity test and histopathology of cultures proved the existence of the viable fungus in vitro.

Effect of adrenalectomy and adrenalectomy+hydrocortisone treatment on histopathological, biochemical and zinc and copper profiles in rat testes.

Abstract: Degenerative changes such as decreased seminiferous tubule diameter, Leydig cell nuclear diameter, spermatogenic arrest, oedematous fluid in the interstitium and lumen of seminiferous tubules and increased levels of zinc, copper and enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; leucine aminopeptidase, LAP; and aryl sulphatase) in adrenalectomised rats suggest a possible role of adrenal cortex and its hormones in spermatogonial cell proliferation and subsequent differentiation, homeostasis of biological trace elements and behaviour of enzymes. Atrophy of Leydig cells and the degenerative changes in testes of adrenalectomised rats can be attributed to reduced supply of testosterone. Hydrocortisone, administered through a single dose acted as hyperstate of hydrocortisone for a short duration, thereby inhibiting steroidogenesis either directly by affecting Leydig cell testosterone production or indirectly by affecting the release of LH from pituitary gland and thus caused degeneration of germinal epithelium. Once hydrocortisone (half life < 12 hr) was metabolized, the animals returned to adrenalectomised state, the degeneration persisted. Thus, hydrocortisone administered through a single dose was insufficient to sustain spermatogenesis. Chronic administration at physiological dose may renew spermatogenesis. Increased levels of LDH, LAP and arylsulphatase are, probably, necessary for cellular degeneration. Zinc and copper exhibited an increase and the rise can be corroborated to (1) failure of regulatory mechanism(s) that control the flow of the elements across the blood-testes barrier; and (2) increased oedematous fluid formed by cellular deaths of the germinal epithelium.

Fungicidal, Bactericidal and Antifertility Activities of Diorganosilicon(IV) Complexes Derived from Benzothiazolines.

Abstract: Synthetic, structural and biological aspects trigonal-bipyramidal, Me 2 Si(N-S)Cl and octahedral, Me 2 Si(N-S) 2 types of diorgnosilicon(IV) complexes of heterocyclic benzothiazolines (N-SH) are described. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molecular weight determination, conductance measurements and electronic, infrared, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopic studies. Some ligands and their corresponding dimethylsilicon(IV) complexes have been tested for their effects on several pathogenic fungi and bacteria and found to be quite active in this respect. Antifertility activity in male rice of some representative ligands and their silicon complexes was also evaluated and discussed

Triorganosilicon(IV) complexes as biocides: Synthetic, spectroscopic and biological studies of N SH and N OH fluoroimines and their chelates

Abstract: A facile synthesis and study of the stereochemistry and biochemical aspects of some triorganosilicon(IV) complexes derived from fluoroimines having N-S and N-O systems are reported. The fluoroimines were prepared by the condensation of 2-fluorobenzaldehyde and 1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethanone with semicarbazide and thiosemicarbazide. These imines react with triorganosilicon(IV) chlorides to yield compounds having Si-O/Si-S and Si←N bonds. The structures of the compounds have been elucidated by physicochemical and spectral (UV, IR, IH, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and 9 F NMR) studies which clearly point to a trigonal bipyramidal geometry around silicon(IV), as the active lone pair of nitrogen is also included in the coordination sphere. In the search for better fungicides and bactericides, studies were conducted to assess the growth-inhibiting potential of the synthesized complexes against various pathogenic fungal and bacterial strains. These studies demonstrate that the concentrations reached levels which are sufficient to inhibit and kill the pathogens.

Evaluation of certain ureas and nitrosoureas of 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzothiazines against Sarcoma-180 solid tumors in vivo.

Abstract: Different derivatives of nitrosoureas were synthesized by a long sequence of reactions and were evaluated for their anticancer activities against female Swiss albino mice, 6-8 weeks old, weighing 18-24 g and bearing Sarcoma-180 (S-180) ascitic tumor. Experimental protocols include injecting a total of 2 x 10(5) S-180 viable ascitic cells s.c. on day 0 in the left flank of mice to obtain solid tumors, followed by the treatment of urea/nitrosourea derivatives on days 1, 5 and 9 at different dose levels. Of the 32 compounds tested, eight were found highly active against solid tumors with significant growth delay and tumor weight inhibition ratio. 5-Fluorouracil was injected s.c. as referent compound to positive control animals.

Phenylarsenic(iii) derivatives of heterocyclic dithiocarbamates; synthesis and characterization

Abstract: Some new organometallic compounds of arsenic(III) of the type PhAs[S2CN X2 and PhAs[S2CN X] CL (where X = CH2, CH2-CH3, NH, N-CH3 and O have been synthesized by the reactions of PhAsCl2 with sodium salt of substituted heterocyclic dithiocarbamates in 1:2 and 1:1 molar ratios in benzene solution. These complexes have been characterized on the basis of elemental analysis. molecular weight measurements and spectral (IR, 1H and 13C NMR) studies.

Compton Profile of Ruthenium

Abstract: The first measurement of the Compton profile of polycrystalline ruthenium is reported and compared with recent APW calculations of Papanicolaou et al. with and without correlation effects. A comparison with our calculation based on the renormalised-free-atom (RFA) model is also made. It is seen that the incorporation of electron correlation effect improves slightly the agreement between APW theory and experiment but the best agreement is found for 4d 7.6 5s 0.4 configuration within the RFA model.