Showing papers by "University of Rajasthan published in 2005"

Values and their Relationship to Environmental Concern and Conservation Behavior

Abstract: Recent research has examined the relationship between values and attitudes about environmental issues. Findings from these studies have found values of self-transcendence (positively) and self-enhancement (negatively) to predict general concern for environmental problems. Other recent findings have differentiated between environmental attitudes based on concern for self (egoistic), concern for other people (socialaltruistic), and concern for plants and animals (biospheric). This article reports the results from a study of the relationship between values and environmental attitudes in six countries: Brazil, Czech Republic, Germany, India, New Zealand, and Russia. Results show strong support for the cross-cultural generalizability of the relationship between values and attitudes and on the structure of environmental concern. In addition, analyses of the relationship between values and environmental behavior show evidence for norm activation only for self-transcendence; results for self-enhancement show a consistently negative relationship.

Azimuthal anisotropy in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV

Abstract: The results from the STAR Collaboration on directed flow (v(1)), elliptic flow (v(2)), and the fourth harmonic (v(4)) in the anisotropic azimuthal distribution of particles from Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV are summarized and compared with results from other experiments and theoretical models. Results for identified particles are presented and fit with a blast-wave model. Different anisotropic flow analysis methods are compared and nonflow effects are extracted from the data. For v(2), scaling with the number of constituent quarks and parton coalescence are discussed. For v(4), scaling with v(2)(2) and quark coalescence are discussed.

Distributions of charged hadrons associated with high transverse momentum particles in pp and Au plus Au collisions at root(S)(NN)=200 GeV

Abstract: Charged hadrons in 0.15 4 GeV/c are reconstructed in pp and Au+Au collisions at {radical}(s{sub NN})=200 GeV. The associated multiplicity and p{sub perpendicular} magnitude sum are found to increase from pp to central Au+Au collisions. The associated p{sub perpendicular} distributions, while similar in shape on the nearside, are significantly softened on the awayside in central Au+Au relative to pp and not much harder than that of inclusive hadrons. The results, consistent with jet quenching, suggest that the awayside fragments approach equilibration with the medium traversed.

Pion interferometry in Au+Au collisions at √ sNN = 200 GeV

Abstract: We present a systematic analysis of two-pion interferometry in Au+Au collisions at {radical}(s{sub NN})=200 GeV using the STAR detector at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. We extract the Hanbury-Brown and Twiss radii and study their multiplicity, transverse momentum, and azimuthal angle dependence. The Gaussianness of the correlation function is studied. Estimates of the geometrical and dynamical structure of the freeze-out source are extracted by fits with blast-wave parametrizations. The expansion of the source and its relation with the initial energy density distribution is studied.

Open charm yields in d + Au collisions at sNN = 200 GeV

Abstract: Midrapidity open charm spectra from direct reconstruction of D0(D0)-->K-/+pi+/- in d+Au collisions and indirect electron-positron measurements via charm semileptonic decays in p+p and d+Au collisions at squareroot[sNN]=200 GeV are reported. The D0(D0) spectrum covers a transverse momentum (pT) range of 0.1

K(892)(*) resonance production in Au+Au and p+p collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV

Abstract: The short-lived K(892)* resonance provides an efficient tool to probe properties of the hot and dense medium produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We report measurements of K* in {radical}(s{sub NN})=200 GeV Au+Au and p+p collisions reconstructed via its hadronic decay channels K(892)*{sup 0}{yields}K{pi} and K(892)*{sup {+-}}{yields}K{sub S}{sup 0}{pi}{sup {+-}} using the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The K*{sup 0} mass has been studied as a function of p{sub T} in minimum bias p+p and central Au+Au collisions. The K* p{sub T} spectra for minimum bias p+p interactions and for Au+Au collisions in different centralities are presented. The K*/K yield ratios for all centralities in Au+Au collisions are found to be significantly lower than the ratio in minimum bias p+p collisions, indicating the importance of hadronic interactions between chemical and kinetic freeze-outs. A significant nonzero K*{sup 0} elliptic flow (v{sub 2}) is observed in Au+Au collisions and is compared to the K{sub S}{sup 0} and {lambda} v{sub 2}. The nuclear modification factor of K* at intermediate p{sub T} is similar to that of K{sub S}{sup 0} but different from {lambda}. This establishes a baryon-meson effect over a mass effect in the particle production atmore » intermediate p{sub T} (2

Multistrange baryon elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV

Abstract: We report on the first measurement of elliptic flow $v_2(p_T)$ of multi-strange baryons $\Xi+\bar{Xi}$ and $\Omega+\bar{Omega} in heavy-ion collisions. In minimum bias Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV, a significant amount of elliptic flow, comparable to other non-strange baryons, is observed for multi-strange baryons which are expected to be particularly sensitive to the dynamics of the partonic stage of heavy-ion collisions. The $p_T$ dependence of $v_2$ of the multi-strange baryons confirms the number of constituent quark scaling previously observed for lighter hadrons. These results support the idea that a substantial fraction of the observed collective motion is developed at the early partonic stage in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions at RHIC.

Efficient plant regeneration via shoot tip explant in Jatropha curcas L.

Abstract: An efficient regeneration method via shoot tip explant has been developed for Jatropha curcas, which is a medicinally as well as economically important plant Shoot tips were proliferated on MS medium incorporated with BAP (20 mg l−1) and IAA (05 mg l−1) along with adenine sulphate, glutamine and activated charcoal In vitro produced shoots were induced to root on IBA (05–50 mg l−1) added to half strength MS medium The highest frequency of root induction was on the medium with 30 mg l−1 IBA Regenerated plantlets were successfully transferred to field after initial acclimatization

Evaluation of radioprotective effects of Rajgira (Amaranthus paniculatus) extract in Swiss albino mice

Abstract: Radioprotection/Amaranthus paniculatus/CFU-S/LD 50/30 /GSH/LPO/Gamma Radiation . The radioprotective efficacy of aqueous extract of Rajgira ( Amaranthus paniculatus ) leaves against whole body gamma radiation was studied in Swiss albino mice. The oral administration of Rajgira extract at 800 mg / kg body weight / day for 15 consecutive days before whole body exposure to radiation was found to be effective with the LD 50/30 values of 6.33 and 8.62 Gy for irradiation alone and Rajgira + irradiation group, respectively, giving a dose reduction factor of 1.36. This effect of Rajgira accompanied the increased endogenous spleen colonies and the spleen weight without any side effect or toxicity, as well as the modulation of the radiation-induced decrease of reduced glutathione and the radiation-induced increase in lipid peroxidation assessed in the liver and the blood.

Chemopreventive action of emblica officinalis on skin carcinogenesis in mice.

Abstract: Chemoprevention with food phytochemicals is currently regarded as one of the most important strategies for cancer control Emblica officinalis (Family: Euphorbiaceae) indigenous to India, is valued for its unique tannins and flavanoids, which contain very powerful antioxidant properties The inhibition of tumor incidences by fruit extract of this plant has been evaluated on two-stage process of skin carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice, induced by a single application of 7, 12-dimethyabenz(a)anthrecene (100 microg / 100 microl acetone), and two weeks later, promoted by repeated application of croton oil (1% in acetone/thrice a week) till the end of the experiment (16 weeks) The tumor incidence, tumor yield, tumor burdon and cumulative number of papillomas were found to be higher in the control (without EO treatment) as compared to experimental animals (EO treated) The differences in the values of the results of experimental groups were statistically analysed and found to be significant in comparison to the control group (p< 005) The present study demonstrates the chemopreventive potential of Emblica officinalis fruit extract on DMBA induced skin tumorigenesis in Swiss albino mice

Incident energy dependence of p(t) correlations at relativistic energies

Abstract: We present results for two-particle transverse momentum correlations, , as a function of event centrality for Au+Au collisions at root SNN = 20, 62, 130, and 200 GeV at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. We observe correlations decreasing with centrality that are similar at all four incident energies. The correlations multiplied by the multiplicity density increase with incident energy, and the centrality dependence may show evidence of processes such as thermalization, jet production, or the saturation of transverse flow. The square root of the correlations divided by the event-wise average transverse momentum per event shows little or no beam energy dependence and generally agrees with previous measurements made at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron.

Radioprotection of Swiss albino mice by Emblica officinalis

Abstract: The fruit pulp of Emblica officinalis (EO) is an important drug used in Indian systems of medicine for several diseases and as a tonic. In view of its multifarious uses, the plant extract (aqueous) was tested for its radioprotective properties against sublethal gamma radiation (9 Gy) in Swiss albino mice. Animals were divided into two groups and irradiated with gamma radiation externally, with or without EO extract, which was given orally at different doses before irradiation. The dose of fruit pulp extract found to be most effective against radiation was 100 mg/kg b.wt. This dose increased the survival time and reduced the mortality rate of mice significantly. Furthermore, body weight loss in EO administered irradiated animals was significantly less in comparison with animals who were given radiation only.

Coordination behavior and biopotency of N and S/O donor ligands with their palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes

Abstract: Some metal complexes of Schiff bases have been prepared by the interactions of palladium(II) and platinum(II) chloride with 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-3-[2-(phenyl)-ethylidene]-2H-indol-2-one-hydrazinecarbothioamide(L1H) and 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-3-[2-(phenyl)-ethylidene]-2H-indol-2-one-hydrazinecarboxamide(L2H), in bimolar ratios. All the new compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, conductance measurements, molecular weight determinations, IR and 1H NMR spectral studies. The spectral data are consistent with a square planar geometry around Pd(II) and Pt(II) in which the ligands act as neutral bidentate and monobasic bidentate ligands, coordinating through the nitrogen and sulfur/oxygen atoms. Free ligands and their metal complexes were screened for their antimicrobial activity on different species of pathogenic fungi and bacteria and their biopotency has been discussed.

Spirulina fusiformis: A Food Supplement against Mercury Induced Hepatic Toxicity

Abstract: The protective effect of Spirulina fusiformis extract against mercury toxicity studied in Swiss albino mice. Animals treated with HgCl2 (5.0 mg/kg b.wt. i.p.) showed a significant elevation in lipid peroxidation level (LPO), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) activity. However, a marked decline in serum alkaline phosphatase activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) content was recorded. Whereas, animals treated with Spirulina fusiformis extract (800 mg/kg b.wt. orally) before and after mercury intoxication showed a significant decrease in LPO level, AST and ALT activity and increase in serum alkaline phosphatase activity and GSH content. Spirulina fusiformis alone treatment did not alter reduced glutathione, AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase activity but significantly diminishes the LPO level. Thus, the results obtained from the present study suggest that oral administration of Spirulina fusiformis extract provides protection against mercuric chloride induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice.

Micropropagation of eclipta alba (l.) hassk – an important medicinal plant

Abstract: An efficient and reproducible protocol for mass propagation of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk, an important medicinal plant, was standardized by culturing shoot tips and nodal segments taken from in vitro raised plants. Maximum shoot proliferation occurred when the explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 benzylaminopurine (BAP). The shoot buds formed were further multiplied and maintained on medium containing BAP (0.5 mg l−1) and gibberellic acid (0.5 mg l−1). Rooting was best achieved on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg−1 indole-3-butyric acid. Rooted plantlets attained maturity and flowered normally in the field.

Applications of biotechnology for improvement of millet crops: Review of progress and future prospects

Abstract: Millets are small seeded grasses grown for food, feed or forage and cultivated mostly in less developed countries in poor soil and dry conditions There are at least 10 genera and 14 species of millets belonging to the Poaceae (Gramineae) family Tissue culture and plant regeneration occurring through different morphogenic pathways have been reported in great detail in millets Gene transfer has been attempted using various methods, but so far transgenic plants have been developed only in Pearl millet and Bahiagrass Not much work has been done on transgenesis in other millets This is primarily because they have less economic value and are cultivated in poor countries, where research and development are also poor In the present review we have attempted to provide available information on millet tissue culture and genetic transformation We have underlined the importance of transgenesis in millet improvement and the role that biotechnology can play in the improvement of these crops grown in a variety of harsh conditions

Bianchi Type-V Bulk Viscous Fluid String Dust Cosmological Model In General Relativity

Abstract: Bianchi Type-V bulk viscous fluid string dust cosmological model in General Relativity is investigated. It has been shown that if coefficient of bulk viscosity (ζ) is inversely proportional to the expansion (θ) in the model then string cosmological model for Bianchi Type-V space-time is possible. In absence of bulk viscosity (ζ), i.e. when ζ → 0, then there is no string cosmological model for Bianchi Type-V space-time. The physical and geometrical aspects of the model are also discussed.

Evaluation of chemopreventive action and antimutagenic effect of the standardized Panax ginseng extract, EFLA400, in Swiss albino mice.

Abstract: In the present investigation the chemopreventive action and antimutagenic effects of a standardized Panax Ginseng extract (EFLA400, processed Panax ginseng extract containing a high titre of ginsenoside Rg3 (>3.0% w/w) known as Phoenix ginseng) in Swiss albino mice have been evaluated. The oral administration of EFLA400 at 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg body weight at pre, peri and post-initiational phases, showed significant reductions in the number, size and weight of the papillomas. A significant reduction in tumour incidence (71.41 +/- 6.73%, 72.19 +/- 4.54% and 70.46 +/- 0.38% at 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg body weight, respectively) was observed in animals in the EFLA400 treated group compared with 100% tumour incidence in the control group. The cumulative number of papillomas during an observation period of 16 weeks was significantly reduced in the EFLA400 treated group (24 +/- 0.94, 16 +/- 1.41 and 11 +/- 1.41 at 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg body weight, respectively). However, the average latent period was significantly increased from 10.81 +/- 0.1 weeks in the control group to 12.39 +/- 0.28 weeks in the treated group (10 mg/kg body weight). The average tumour weight was recorded as 128.55 +/- 8.48, 116.00 +/- 8.48 and 57.5 +/- 3.29 mg in 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg body weight EFLA400 treated groups respectively. Chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei induction was also evaluated in bone marrow cells. These genotoxicity end-points were compared with papilloma occurrence at the same dose levels of carcinogen and ginseng. In the EFLA400 treated groups significantly reduced frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei induced by DMBA and croton oil were observed. However, the maximum decrease in the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei were recorded in the 10 mg/kg body weight EFLA400 treated group than that of the 1 and 3 mg/kg body weight EFLA400 treated animals. The results from the present study suggest the dose dependent effectiveness of EFLA400 in chemoprevention and antimutagenicity in Swiss albino mice.

Multistrange baryon elliptic flow in Au plus Au collisions at root(NN)-N-S=200 GeV

Abstract: We report on the first measurement of elliptic flow nu(2)(p(T)) of multistrange baryons Xi(-)+Xi(+) and Omega(-)+Omega(+) in heavy-ion collisions. In minimum-bias Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV, a significant amount of elliptic flow, comparable to other nonstrange baryons, is observed for multistrange baryons which are expected to be particularly sensitive to the dynamics of the partonic stage of heavy-ion collisions. The p(T) dependence of nu(2) of the multistrange baryons confirms the number of constituent quark scaling previously observed for lighter hadrons. These results support the idea that a substantial fraction of the observed collective motion is developed at the early partonic stage in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.