Institution
University of Reading
Education•Reading, United Kingdom•
About: University of Reading is a education organization based out in Reading, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Climate change. The organization has 18728 authors who have published 46707 publications receiving 1758671 citations. The organization is also known as: University College, Reading.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: The nature and extent of reported declines, and the potential drivers of pollinator loss are described, including habitat loss and fragmentation, agrochemicals, pathogens, alien species, climate change and the interactions between them are reviewed.
Abstract: Pollinators are a key component of global biodiversity, providing vital ecosystem services to crops and wild plants. There is clear evidence of recent declines in both wild and domesticated pollinators, and parallel declines in the plants that rely upon them. Here we describe the nature and extent of reported declines, and review the potential drivers of pollinator loss, including habitat loss and fragmentation, agrochemicals, pathogens, alien species, climate change and the interactions between them. Pollinator declines can result in loss of pollination services which have important negative ecological and economic impacts that could significantly affect the maintenance of wild plant diversity, wider ecosystem stability, crop production, food security and human welfare.
4,608 citations
••
TL;DR: The combination of these phylogenies with powerful new statistical approaches for the analysis of biological evolution is challenging widely held beliefs about the history and evolution of life on Earth.
Abstract: Phylogenetic trees describe the pattern of descent amongst a group of species. With the rapid accumulation of DNA sequence data, more and more phylogenies are being constructed based upon sequence comparisons. The combination of these phylogenies with powerful new statistical approaches for the analysis of biological evolution is challenging widely held beliefs about the history and evolution of life on Earth.
4,159 citations
••
TL;DR: The authors reviewed some of the criticisms directed towards the eclectic paradigm of international production over the past decade, and restates its main tenets, concluding that it remains a robust general framework for explaining and analysing not only the economic rationale of economic production but many organisational and impact issues in relation to MNE activity as well.
Abstract: This article reviews some of the criticisms directed towards the eclectic paradigm of international production over the past decade, and restates its main tenets. The second part of the article considers a number of possible extensions of the paradigm and concludes by asserting that it remains “a robust general framework for explaining and analysing not only the economic rationale of economic production but many organisational and impact issues in relation to MNE activity as well.”
4,123 citations
••
Queen's University Belfast1, Aix-Marseille University2, Historic England3, University of Arizona4, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution5, University of Sheffield6, University of Minnesota7, Columbia University8, University of California, Irvine9, University of Waikato10, University of Reading11, University of Oxford12, University of California, Santa Cruz13, University of Washington14, University of Texas at Austin15, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory16
TL;DR: In this paper, a new calibration curve for the conversion of radiocarbon ages to calibrated (cal) ages has been constructed and internationally ratified to replace IntCal98, which extended from 0-24 cal kyr BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950).
Abstract: A new calibration curve for the conversion of radiocarbon ages to calibrated (cal) ages has been constructed and internationally ratified to replace IntCal98, which extended from 0-24 cal kyr BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950). The new calibration data set for terrestrial samples extends from 0-26 cal kyr BP, but with much higher resolution beyond 11.4 cal kyr BP than IntCal98. Dendrochronologically-dated tree-ring samples cover the period from 0-12.4 cal kyr BP. Beyond the end of the tree rings, data from marine records (corals and foraminifera) are converted to the atmospheric equivalent with a site-specific marine reservoir correction to provide terrestrial calibration from 12.4-26.0 cal kyr BP. A substantial enhancement relative to IntCal98 is the introduction of a coherent statistical approach based on a random walk model, which takes into account the uncertainty in both the calendar age and the 14C age to calculate the underlying calibration curve (Buck and Blackwell, this issue). The tree-ring data sets, sources of uncertainty, and regional offsets are discussed here. The marine data sets and calibration curve for marine samples from the surface mixed layer (Marine04) are discussed in brief, but details are presented in Hughen et al. (this issue a). We do not make a recommendation for calibration beyond 26 cal kyr BP at this time; however, potential calibration data sets are compared in another paper (van der Plicht et al., this issue).
3,737 citations
••
Bureau of Meteorology1, Met Office2, Monash University, Clayton campus3, Meteorological Service of Canada4, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration5, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute6, University of East Anglia7, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology8, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research9, University of Reading10, University of the West Indies11, University of Oxford12, China Meteorological Administration13, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales14, National Autonomous University of Mexico15
TL;DR: A suite of climate change indices derived from daily temperature and precipitation data, with a primary focus on extreme events, were computed and analyzed as discussed by the authors, and the results showed widespread significant changes in temperature extremes associated with warming.
Abstract: A suite of climate change indices derived from daily temperature and precipitation data, with a primary focus on extreme events, were computed and analyzed. By setting an exact formula for each index and using specially designed software, analyses done in different countries have been combined seamlessly. This has enabled the presentation of the most up-to-date and comprehensive global picture of trends in extreme temperature and precipitation indices using results from a number of workshops held in data-sparse regions and high-quality station data supplied by numerous scientists world wide. Seasonal and annual indices for the period 1951-2003 were gridded. Trends in the gridded fields were computed and tested for statistical significance. Results showed widespread significant changes in temperature extremes associated with warming, especially for those indices derived from daily minimum temperature. Over 70% of the global land area sampled showed a significant decrease in the annual occurrence of cold nights and a significant increase in the annual occurrence of warm nights. Some regions experienced a more than doubling of these indices. This implies a positive shift in the distribution of daily minimum temperature throughout the globe. Daily maximum temperature indices showed similar changes but with smaller magnitudes. Precipitation changes showed a widespread and significant increase, but the changes are much less spatially coherent compared with temperature change. Probability distributions of indices derived from approximately 200 temperature and 600 precipitation stations, with near-complete data for 1901-2003 and covering a very large region of the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes (and parts of Australia for precipitation) were analyzed for the periods 1901-1950, 1951-1978 and 1979-2003. Results indicate a significant warming throughout the 20th century. Differences in temperature indices distributions are particularly pronounced between the most recent two periods and for those indices related to minimum temperature. An analysis of those indices for which seasonal time series are available shows that these changes occur for all seasons although they are generally least pronounced for September to November. Precipitation indices show a tendency toward wetter conditions throughout the 20th century.
3,722 citations
Authors
Showing all 18998 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Rob Knight | 201 | 1061 | 253207 |
Pete Smith | 156 | 2464 | 138819 |
Richard J. Davidson | 156 | 602 | 91414 |
J. Fraser Stoddart | 147 | 1239 | 96083 |
David A. Jackson | 136 | 1095 | 68352 |
Peter Hall | 132 | 1640 | 85019 |
Kazunari Domen | 130 | 908 | 77964 |
Richard A. Dixon | 126 | 603 | 71424 |
Julian P T Higgins | 126 | 334 | 217988 |
Philip C. Calder | 125 | 747 | 59110 |
Glenn R. Gibson | 123 | 476 | 71956 |
Elaine Holmes | 119 | 560 | 58975 |
Philip H. S. Torr | 111 | 573 | 55731 |
Charles D.A. Wolfe | 107 | 437 | 87564 |
Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán | 106 | 389 | 36505 |