Showing papers by "University of Rennes published in 2019"
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Umeå University1, Université Paris-Saclay2, Sheba Medical Center3, University of Rennes4, Utrecht University5, Charles University in Prague6, Hannover Medical School7, Royal Free Hospital8, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary9, University of Coimbra10, Queen Mary University of London11, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich12, University of Eastern Piedmont13, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust14
TL;DR: These guidelines provide the most reliable contemporary evidence base for the management of RCC in 2019 and are thoroughly evaluated to establish international standards for the care of kidney cancer patients.
965 citations
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Charles University in Prague1, Medical University of Vienna2, University of Regensburg3, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University4, Royal Surrey County Hospital5, Autonomous University of Barcelona6, Netherlands Cancer Institute7, University of Paris8, European Association of Urology9, Medical University of Graz10, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague11, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust12, University of Rennes13
TL;DR: The European Association of Urology Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) Panel has released an updated version of their guidelines, which contains information on classification, risk factors, diagnosis, prognostic factors, and treatment of NMIBC.
897 citations
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Charité1, University of Groningen2, Cardiff University3, University of Rennes4, University of Milan5, National University of Singapore6, University of Liège7, Brigham and Women's Hospital8, Boston University9, Utrecht University10, University of Zurich11, University of Amsterdam12, University of Belgrade13, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens14, University of Cyprus15
TL;DR: A new stepwise diagnostic process, the 'HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm', is recommended, which requires comprehensive echocardiography and requires comprehensive natriuretic peptide levels and is typically performed by a cardiologist.
Abstract: Making a firm diagnosis of chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains a challenge. We recommend a new stepwise diagnostic process, the 'HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm'. Step 1 (P=Pre-test assessment) is typically performed in the ambulatory setting and includes assessment for heart failure symptoms and signs, typical clinical demographics (obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, elderly, atrial fibrillation), and diagnostic laboratory tests, electrocardiogram, and echocardiography. In the absence of overt non-cardiac causes of breathlessness, HFpEF can be suspected if there is a normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, no significant heart valve disease or cardiac ischaemia, and at least one typical risk factor. Elevated natriuretic peptides support, but normal levels do not exclude a diagnosis of HFpEF. The second step (E: Echocardiography and Natriuretic Peptide Score) requires comprehensive echocardiography and is typically performed by a cardiologist. Measures include mitral annular early diastolic velocity (e'), LV filling pressure estimated using E/e', left atrial volume index, LV mass index, LV relative wall thickness, tricuspid regurgitation velocity, LV global longitudinal systolic strain, and serum natriuretic peptide levels. Major (2 points) and Minor (1 point) criteria were defined from these measures. A score ≥5 points implies definite HFpEF; ≤1 point makes HFpEF unlikely. An intermediate score (2-4 points) implies diagnostic uncertainty, in which case Step 3 (F1 : Functional testing) is recommended with echocardiographic or invasive haemodynamic exercise stress tests. Step 4 (F2 : Final aetiology) is recommended to establish a possible specific cause of HFpEF or alternative explanations. Further research is needed for a better classification of HFpEF.
825 citations
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TL;DR: Smoking, obesity, hypertension, and hypertension are most strongly associated with RCC, and the cost effectiveness of a screening programme needs to be assessed on a country-specific level due to geographic heterogeneity in incidence and mortality rates, costs, and management implications.
745 citations
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Xi'an Jiaotong University1, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad2, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi3, University of Monastir4, Shahid Beheshti University5, University of Rennes6, Clarkson University7, North Carolina State University8, University of Vermont9, Iran University of Science and Technology10, University of New South Wales11, Royal Society12, King Abdulaziz University13, Quaid-i-Azam University14, University of Tehran15, Babeș-Bolyai University16
TL;DR: A review of the latest developments in modeling of nanofluid flows and heat transfer with an emphasis on 3D simulations can be found in this paper, where the main models used to calculate the thermophysical properties of Nanofluids are reviewed.
659 citations
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TL;DR: This article discusses the importance of Edge computing in real life scenarios where response time constitutes the fundamental requirement for many applications and identifies the requirements and discusses open research challenges in Edge computing.
590 citations
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TL;DR: Four French research institutes were mandated to produce a critical scientific analysis on the latest knowledge of the causes, mechanisms, consequences and predictability of eutrophication phenomena and the methodology and the main findings are provided.
521 citations
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TL;DR: This review provides a synthesis of intracellular ER signalling revolving around proteostasis and the UPR, its impact on other organelles and cellular behaviour, its multifaceted and dynamic response to stress and its role in physiology.
Abstract: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous intracellular organelle and the first compartment of the secretory pathway As such, the ER contributes to the production and folding of approximately one-third of cellular proteins, and is thus inextricably linked to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and the fine balance between health and disease Specific ER stress signalling pathways, collectively known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), are required for maintaining ER homeostasis The UPR is triggered when ER protein folding capacity is overwhelmed by cellular demand and the UPR initially aims to restore ER homeostasis and normal cellular functions However, if this fails, then the UPR triggers cell death In this review, we provide a UPR signalling-centric view of ER functions, from the ER's discovery to the latest advancements in the understanding of ER and UPR biology Our review provides a synthesis of intracellular ER signalling revolving around proteostasis and the UPR, its impact on other organelles and cellular behaviour, its multifaceted and dynamic response to stress and its role in physiology, before finally exploring the potential exploitation of this knowledge to tackle unresolved biological questions and address unmet biomedical needs Thus, we provide an integrated and global view of existing literature on ER signalling pathways and their use for therapeutic purposes
479 citations
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Xi'an Jiaotong University1, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad2, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi3, University of Monastir4, Shahid Beheshti University5, University of Rennes6, Clarkson University7, North Carolina State University8, University of Vermont9, University of New South Wales10, Khalifa University11, Royal Society12, Quaid-i-Azam University13, King Abdulaziz University14, University of Tehran15, Babeș-Bolyai University16
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the main computational methods for solving the transport equations associated with nanofluid flow, including finite difference, finite volume, finite element, lattice Boltzmann methods, and Lagrangian methods.
433 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors place constraints on the dipole radiation and possible deviations from GR in the post-Newtonian coefficients that govern the inspiral regime of a binary neutron star inspiral.
Abstract: The recent discovery by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo of a gravitational wave signal from a binary neutron star inspiral has enabled tests of general relativity (GR) with this new type of source. This source, for the first time, permits tests of strong-field dynamics of compact binaries in the presence of matter. In this Letter, we place constraints on the dipole radiation and possible deviations from GR in the post-Newtonian coefficients that govern the inspiral regime. Bounds on modified dispersion of gravitational waves are obtained; in combination with information from the observed electromagnetic counterpart we can also constrain effects due to large extra dimensions. Finally, the polarization content of the gravitational wave signal is studied. The results of all tests performed here show good agreement with GR.
430 citations
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TL;DR: The present paper is a review of the past and present literature on both colloidal nanostructures and multilayered compounds, emphasizing that availability of accurate structural information is of dramatic importance to reach a fair understanding of quantum and dielectric confinement effects.
Abstract: Hybrid halide perovskites are now superstar materials leading the field of low-cost thin film photovoltaics technologies. Following the surge for more efficient and stable 3D bulk alloys, multilayered halide perovskites and colloidal perovskite nanostructures appeared in 2016 as viable alternative solutions to this challenge, largely exceeding the original proof of concept made in 2009 and 2014, respectively. This triggered renewed interest in lower-dimensional hybrid halide perovskites and at the same time increasingly more numerous and differentiated applications. The present paper is a review of the past and present literature on both colloidal nanostructures and multilayered compounds, emphasizing that availability of accurate structural information is of dramatic importance to reach a fair understanding of quantum and dielectric confinement effects. Layered halide perovskites occupy a special place in the history of halide perovskites, with a large number of seminal papers in the 1980s and 1990s. In ...
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TL;DR: Infective endocarditis is still a life-threatening disease with frequent lethal outcome despite profound changes in its clinical, microbiological, imaging, and therapeutic profiles.
Abstract: Aims: The EURO-ENDO registry aimed to study the management and outcomes of patients with infective endocarditis (IE). Methods and results: Prospective cohort of 3116 adult patients (2470 from Europe, 646 from non-ESC countries), admitted to 156 hospitals in 40 countries between January 2016 and March 2018 with a diagnosis of IE based on ESC 2015 diagnostic criteria. Clinical, biological, microbiological, and imaging [echocardiography, computed tomography (CT) scan, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT)] data were collected. Infective endocarditis was native (NVE) in 1764 (56.6%) patients, prosthetic (PVIE) in 939 (30.1%), and device-related (CDRIE) in 308 (9.9%). Infective endocarditis was community-acquired in 2046 (65.66%) patients. Microorganisms involved were staphylococci in 1085 (44.1%) patients, oral streptococci in 304 (12.3%), enterococci in 390 (15.8%), and Streptococcus gallolyticus in 162 (6.6%). 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography was performed in 518 (16.6%) patients and presented with cardiac uptake (major criterion) in 222 (42.9%) patients, with a better sensitivity in PVIE (66.8%) than in NVE (28.0%) and CDRIE (16.3%). Embolic events occurred in 20.6% of patients, and were significantly associated with tricuspid or pulmonary IE, presence of a vegetation and Staphylococcus aureus IE. According to ESC guidelines, cardiac surgery was indicated in 2160 (69.3%) patients, but finally performed in only 1596 (73.9%) of them. In-hospital death occurred in 532 (17.1%) patients and was more frequent in PVIE. Independent predictors of mortality were Charlson index, creatinine > 2 mg/dL, congestive heart failure, vegetation length > 10 mm, cerebral complications, abscess, and failure to undertake surgery when indicated. Conclusion: Infective endocarditis is still a life-threatening disease with frequent lethal outcome despite profound changes in its clinical, microbiological, imaging, and therapeutic profiles.
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University of Würzburg1, Lund University2, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences3, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation4, University of Reading5, Wageningen University and Research Centre6, University of Padua7, University of Rennes8, University of Salamanca9, Agrocampus Ouest10, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies11, Spanish National Research Council12, Aix-Marseille University13, University of Kiel14, University of Freiburg15, University of Jyväskylä16, University of Koblenz and Landau17, University of Marburg18, Technische Universität München19, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna20, National University of Río Negro21, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad22, University of Giessen23, University of Belgrade24, Institut national de la recherche agronomique25, University of Extremadura26, University of Bordeaux27, University of Bern28, CABI29, University of Göttingen30, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University31
TL;DR: In landscapes with high edge density, 70% of pollinator and 44% of natural enemy species reached highest abundances and pollination and pest control improved 1.7- and 1.4-fold respectively, suggesting that enhancing edge density in European agroecosystems can promote functional biodiversity and yield-enhancing ecosystem services.
Abstract: Managing agricultural landscapes to support biodiversity and ecosystem services is a key aim of a sustainable agriculture. However, how the spatial arrangement of crop fields and other habitats in landscapes impacts arthropods and their functions is poorly known. Synthesising data from 49 studies (1515 landscapes) across Europe, we examined effects of landscape composition (% habitats) and configuration (edge density) on arthropods in fields and their margins, pest control, pollination and yields. Configuration effects interacted with the proportions of crop and non-crop habitats, and species’ dietary, dispersal and overwintering traits led to contrasting responses to landscape variables. Overall, however, in landscapes with high edge density, 70% of pollinator and 44% of natural enemy species reached highest abundances and pollination and pest control improved 1.7- and 1.4-fold respectively. Arable-dominated landscapes with high edge densities achieved high yields. This suggests that enhancing edge density in European agroecosystems can promote functional biodiversity and yield-enhancing ecosystem services.
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TL;DR: A critical appraisal on the existing evidence for the role of LA metrics in evaluation of LVDD and consequent heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is provided.
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TL;DR: Enantioenriched helicenic derivatives containing main-group elements B, Si, N, and P, either incorporated within the helical backbone or grafted to it, will be thoroughly presented.
Abstract: In this review, we discuss the rich chemistry of helicenes and helicenoids containing main-group elements. Enantioenriched helicenic derivatives containing main-group elements B, Si, N, and P, either incorporated within the helical backbone or grafted to it, will be thoroughly presented. We will describe their synthesis, resolution, and asymmetric synthesis, their structural features, electronic and chiroptical properties, and emission, together with other photochemical properties and applications.
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TL;DR: The fast development and the recent advances in selective reductions of olefins, alkynes, carbonyl and carboxylic derivatives, imines, and nitro compounds promoted by iron catalysts are summarized.
Abstract: The last two decades have seen an impressive improvement of the use of iron as a fascinating and valuable alternative transition metal in homogeneous catalysis in terms of sustainability and economy. It was efficiently used in catalytic organic synthetic transformations, which in particular include the reduction of unsaturated bonds. This review summarizes the fast development and the recent advances in selective reductions of olefins, alkynes, carbonyl and carboxylic derivatives, imines, and nitro compounds promoted by iron catalysts. The topical hydrogen-borrowing reactions and hydroboration of unsaturated compounds are also reported. It is hoped that this account not only provides an overview of the state of the art in iron catalysis but also stimulates the development of superior greener catalytic systems in the near future.
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University of Toulouse1, Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III2, King Juan Carlos University3, University of Göttingen4, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture5, Centre national de la recherche scientifique6, Agrocampus Ouest7, Université Paris-Saclay8, Lund University9, Institut national de la recherche agronomique10, University of La Rochelle11, University of Paris12, Carleton University13, University of Montpellier14, University of Rennes15, University of Lleida16, University of Alicante17, University of Murcia18, British Trust for Ornithology19, Spanish National Research Council20
TL;DR: This study provides large-scale, multitrophic, cross-regional evidence that increasing crop heterogeneity can be an effective way to increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes without taking land out of agricultural production.
Abstract: Agricultural landscape homogenization has detrimental effects on biodiversity and key ecosystem services. Increasing agricultural landscape heterogeneity by increasing seminatural cover can help to mitigate biodiversity loss. However, the amount of seminatural cover is generally low and difficult to increase in many intensively managed agricultural landscapes. We hypothesized that increasing the heterogeneity of the crop mosaic itself (hereafter “crop heterogeneity”) can also have positive effects on biodiversity. In 8 contrasting regions of Europe and North America, we selected 435 landscapes along independent gradients of crop diversity and mean field size. Within each landscape, we selected 3 sampling sites in 1, 2, or 3 crop types. We sampled 7 taxa (plants, bees, butterflies, hoverflies, carabids, spiders, and birds) and calculated a synthetic index of multitrophic diversity at the landscape level. Increasing crop heterogeneity was more beneficial for multitrophic diversity than increasing seminatural cover. For instance, the effect of decreasing mean field size from 5 to 2.8 ha was as strong as the effect of increasing seminatural cover from 0.5 to 11%. Decreasing mean field size benefited multitrophic diversity even in the absence of seminatural vegetation between fields. Increasing the number of crop types sampled had a positive effect on landscape-level multitrophic diversity. However, the effect of increasing crop diversity in the landscape surrounding fields sampled depended on the amount of seminatural cover. Our study provides large-scale, multitrophic, cross-regional evidence that increasing crop heterogeneity can be an effective way to increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes without taking land out of agricultural production.
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16 Jun 2019TL;DR: This paper proposes a novel approach for predicting the motion of pedestrians interacting with others that uses a Generative Adversarial Network to sample plausible predictions for any agent in the scene and shows that the proposed method leads to generate more diverse samples and to preserve the modes of the predictive distribution.
Abstract: This paper proposes a novel approach for predicting the motion of pedestrians interacting with others. It uses a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to sample plausible predictions for any agent in the scene. As GANs are very susceptible to mode collapsing and dropping, we show that the recently proposed Info-GAN allows dramatic improvements in multi-modal pedestrian trajectory prediction to avoid these issues. We also left out L2-loss in training the generator, unlike some previous works, because it causes serious mode collapsing though faster convergence. We show through experiments on real and synthetic data that the proposed method leads to generate more diverse samples and to preserve the modes of the predictive distribution. In particular, to prove this claim, we have designed a toy example dataset of trajectories that can be used to assess the performance of different methods in preserving the predictive distribution modes.
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TL;DR: A collection of articles selected for this special issue that show, use, or debate the concept of holobiont to approach taxonomically and ecologically diverse organisms, from humans and plants to sponges and insects are highlighted.
Abstract: In the recent years, the holobiont concept has emerged as a theoretical and experimental framework to study the interactions between hosts and their associated microbial communities in all types of ecosystems. The spread of this concept in many branches of biology results from the fairly recent realization of the ubiquitous nature of host-associated microbes and their central role in host biology, ecology, and evolution. Through this special series “Host-microbiota interactions: from holobiont theory to analysis,” we wanted to promote this field of research which has considerable implications for human health, food production, and ecosystem protection. In this preface, we highlight a collection of articles selected for this special issue that show, use, or debate the concept of holobiont to approach taxonomically and ecologically diverse organisms, from humans and plants to sponges and insects. We also identify some theoretical and methodological challenges and propose directions for future research on holobionts.
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TL;DR: The aromatic spacers increase the rigidity of the cation, reduce the interlayer spacing and decrease the dielectric mismatch between inorganic layer and the organic spacer, showing the indirect but powerful influence of the organic cations on the structure and consequently on the optical properties of the perovskite materials.
Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have extraordinary optoelectronic properties and structural tunability. Among them, the Dion-Jacobson phases with the inorganic layers stacking exactly on top of each other are less explored. Herein, we present the new series of 2D Dion-Jacobson halide perovskites, which adopt the general formula of A'An-1PbnI3n+1 (A' = 4-(aminomethyl)pyridinium (4AMPY), A = methylammonium (MA), n = 1-4). By modifying the position of the CH2NH3+ group from 4AMPY to 3AMPY (3AMPY = 3-(aminomethyl)pyridinium), the stacking of the inorganic layers changes from exactly eclipsed to slightly offset. The perovskite octahedra tilts are also different between the two series, with the 3AMPY series exhibiting smaller bandgaps than the 4AMPY series. Compared to the aliphatic cation of the same size (AMP = (aminomethyl)piperidinium), the aromatic spacers increase the rigidity of the cation, reduce the interlayer spacing, and decrease the dielectric mismatch between inorganic layer and the organic spacer, showing the indirect but powerful influence of the organic cations on the structure and consequently on the optical properties of the perovskite materials. All A'An-1PbnI3n+1 compounds exhibit strong photoluminescence (PL) at room temperature. Preliminary solar cell devices based on the n = 4 perovskites as absorbers of both series exhibit promising performances, with a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.20% for (3AMPY)(MA)3Pb4I13-based devices, which is higher than the (4AMPY)(MA)3Pb4I13 and the corresponding aliphatic analogue (3AMP)(MA)3Pb4I13-based ones.
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TL;DR: A combination of synthetic chemistry, crystallography, and spectroscopy was used to obtain and identify the thickest 2D halide perovskite characterized to date, having seven layers, and report the effective synthesis of the highest iodide n-members yet.
Abstract: In the fast-evolving field of halide perovskite semiconductors, the 2D perovskites (A′)2(A)n−1MnX3n+1 [where A = Cs+, CH3NH3+, HC(NH2)2+; A′ = ammonium cation acting as spacer; M = Ge2+, Sn2+, Pb2+; and X = Cl−, Br−, I−] have recently made a critical entry. The n value defines the thickness of the 2D layers, which controls the optical and electronic properties. The 2D perovskites have demonstrated preliminary optoelectronic device lifetime superior to their 3D counterparts. They have also attracted fundamental interest as solution-processed quantum wells with structural and physical properties tunable via chemical composition, notably by the n value defining the perovskite layer thickness. The higher members (n > 5) have not been documented, and there are important scientific questions underlying fundamental limits for n. To develop and utilize these materials in technology, it is imperative to understand their thermodynamic stability, fundamental synthetic limitations, and the derived structure–function relationships. We report the effective synthesis of the highest iodide n-members yet, namely (CH3(CH2)2NH3)2(CH3NH3)5Pb6I19 (n = 6) and (CH3(CH2)2NH3)2(CH3NH3)6Pb7I22 (n = 7), and confirm the crystal structure with single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and provide indirect evidence for “(CH3(CH2)2NH3)2(CH3NH3)8Pb9I28” (“n = 9”). Direct HCl solution calorimetric measurements show the compounds with n > 7 have unfavorable enthalpies of formation (ΔHf), suggesting the formation of higher homologs to be challenging. Finally, we report preliminary n-dependent solar cell efficiency in the range of 9–12.6% in these higher n-members, highlighting the strong promise of these materials for high-performance devices.
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TL;DR: This study targeted the acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene in tomato and potato by a CBE using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, successfully and efficiently edited the targeted cytidine bases, leading to chlorsulfuron-resistant plants with precise base edition efficiency up to 71% in tomato.
Abstract: Genome editing tools have rapidly been adopted by plant scientists for gene function discovery and crop improvement. The current technical challenge is to efficiently induce precise and predictable targeted point mutations valuable for crop breeding purposes. Cytidine base editors (CBEs) are CRISPR/Cas9 derived tools recently developed to direct a C-to-T base conversion. Stable genomic integration of CRISPR/Cas9 components through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is the most widely used approach in dicotyledonous plants. However, elimination of foreign DNA may be difficult to achieve, especially in vegetatively propagated plants. In this study, we targeted the acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene in tomato and potato by a CBE using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. We successfully and efficiently edited the targeted cytidine bases, leading to chlorsulfuron-resistant plants with precise base edition efficiency up to 71% in tomato. More importantly, we produced 12.9% and 10% edited but transgene-free plants in the first generation in tomato and potato, respectively. Such an approach is expected to decrease deleterious effects due to the random integration of transgene(s) into the host genome. Our successful approach opens up new perspectives for genome engineering by the co-edition of the ALS with other gene(s), leading to transgene-free plants harboring new traits of interest.
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TL;DR: The true global extent of cyanotoxins and associated poisonings is likely to be greater than found in the available literature, and it can be assumed that ecotoxicological and hygienic problems caused by toxic cyanobacteria may occur in more environments.
Abstract: Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophic organisms which occur in aquatic and terrestrial environments. They have the potential to produce toxins which pose a threat to human and animal health. This review covers the global distribution of the common cyanotoxins and related poisoning cases. A total of 468 selected articles on toxic cyanobacteria, dating from the earliest records until 2018, were reviewed. Most of the articles were published after 2000 (72%; 337 out of 468), which is consistent with the recent growth in interest in the analysis, toxinology and ecotoxicology of cyanotoxins. Animal and/or human poisoning cases were described in more than a third of the overall publications (38%; 177 out of 468). The reviewed publications showed that there were 1118 recorded identifications of major cyanotoxins in 869 freshwater ecosystems from 66 countries throughout the world. Microcystins were the most often recorded cyanotoxins worldwide (63%; 699 out of 1118), followed by cylindrospermopsin (10%; 107 out of 1118), anatoxins (9%; 100 out of 1118), and saxitoxins (8%; 93 out of 1118). Nodularins were the most rarely recorded cyanotoxins (2%; 19 out of 1118); however, there were also reports where cyanotoxins were not analysed or specified (9%; 100 out of 1118). The most commonly found toxic cyanobacterial genera were Microcystis spp. (669 reports), Anabaena spp. (397 reports), Aphanizomenon spp. (100 reports), Planktothrix spp. (98 reports), and Oscillatoria spp. (75 reports). Furthermore, there were 183 recorded cyanotoxin poisonings of humans and/or animals. Out of all toxic cyanobacterial blooms reviewed in this paper, the highest percentage of associated poisonings was found in North and Central America (39%; 69 cases out of 179), then Europe (20%; 35 out of 179), Australia including New Zealand (15%; 27 out of 179), and Africa (11%; 20 out of 179), while the lowest percentage was related to Asia (8%; 14 cases out of 179) and South America (8%; 14 cases out of 179). Events where only animals were known to have been affected were 63% (114 out of 182), whereas 32% (58 out of 182) of the investigated events involved only humans. A historical overview of human and animal poisoning episodes associated with cyanobacterial blooms is presented. Further, geographical data on the occurrence of cyanotoxins and related poisonings based on the available literature are shown. Some countries (mainly European) have done very intensive research on the occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins, and reported related ecotoxicological observations, while in some countries the lack of data is apparent. The true global extent of cyanotoxins and associated poisonings is likely to be greater than found in the available literature, and it can be assumed that ecotoxicological and hygienic problems caused by toxic cyanobacteria may occur in more environments.
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TL;DR: Following-Me Cloud applies a Markov-decision-process-based algorithm for cost-effective performance-optimized service migration decisions, while two alternative schemes to ensure service continuity and disruption-free operation are proposed, based on either software defined networking technologies or the locator/identifier separation protocol.
Abstract: The trend towards the cloudification of the 3GPP LTE mobile network architecture and the emergence of federated cloud infrastructures call for alternative service delivery strategies for improved user experience and efficient resource utilization. We propose Follow-Me Cloud (FMC), a design tailored to this environment, but with a broader applicability, which allows mobile users to always be connected via the optimal data anchor and mobility gateways, while cloud-based services follow them and are delivered via the optimal service point inside the cloud infrastructure. Follow-Me Cloud applies a Markov-decision-process-based algorithm for cost-effective performance-optimized service migration decisions, while two alternative schemes to ensure service continuity and disruption-free operation are proposed, based on either software defined networking technologies or the locator/identifier separation protocol. Numerical results from our analytic model for follow-me cloud, as well as testbed experiments with the two alternative follow-me cloud implementations we have developed, demonstrate quantitatively and qualitatively the advantages it can bring about.
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TL;DR: There is a scientific gap on the occurrence and fate of antiparatic drugs in tap waters, and data on VPRs removal in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) at each step of the process is presented.
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University of Liège1, Mie University2, The Heart Research Institute3, François Rabelais University4, Leipzig University5, Hospital Universitario La Paz6, University of Mainz7, French Institute of Health and Medical Research8, University of Rennes9, University of Messina10, University of Padua11, University of Chicago12
TL;DR: The NORRE study provides useful 2DE reference ranges for novel indices of non-invasively derived indices of myocardial work (MW) from a large group of healthy volunteers over a wide range of ages and gender.
Abstract: Aims - To obtain the normal ranges for 2D echocardiographic (2DE) indices of myocardial work (MW) from a large group of healthy volunteers over a wide range of ages and gender. Methods and results - A total of 226 (85 men, mean age: 45 ± 13 years) healthy subjects were enrolled at 22 collaborating institutions of the Normal Reference Ranges for Echocardiography (NORRE) study. Global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global work waste (GWW), and global work efficiency (GWE) were estimated from left ventricle (LV) pressure-strain loops. Peak LV systolic pressure was non-invasively derived from brachial artery cuff pressure. The lowest values of MW indices in men and women were 1270 mmHg% and 1310 mmHg% for GWI, 1650 mmHg% and 1544 mmHg% for GCW, and 90% and 91% for GWE, respectively. The highest value for GWW was 238 mmHg% in men and 239 mmHg% in women. Men had significant lower values of GWE and higher values of GWW. GWI and GCW significantly increased with age in women. Conclusion - The NORRE study provides useful 2DE reference ranges for novel indices of non-invasive MW.
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TL;DR: Personalisation of mechanical ventilation did not decrease mortality in patients with ARDS, possibly because of the misclassification of 21% of patients, and a ventilator strategy misaligned with lung morphology substantially increases mortality.
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TL;DR: Magneto-optical spectroscopy shows that the dark exciton state in single formamidinium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals is located below the bright exciton triplet, which explains the intense brightness of the nanoparticles.
Abstract: Lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising new semiconductor materials for high-efficiency photovoltaics, light-emitting applications and quantum optical technologies. Their luminescence properties are governed by the formation and radiative recombination of bound electron-hole pairs known as excitons, whose bright or dark character of the ground state remains unknown and debated. While symmetry analysis predicts a singlet non-emissive ground exciton topped with a bright exciton triplet, it has been predicted that the Rashba effect may reverse the bright and dark level ordering. Here, we provide the direct spectroscopic signature of the dark exciton emission in the low-temperature photoluminescence of single formamidinium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals under magnetic fields. The dark singlet is located several millielectronvolts below the bright triplet, in fair agreement with an estimation of the long-range electron-hole exchange interaction. Nevertheless, these perovskites display an intense luminescence because of an extremely reduced bright-to-dark phonon-assisted relaxation.
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TL;DR: Recon reconstructions are only compatible with geodynamic models involving an initial collision of India with a near-equatorial Trans-Tethyan subduction system at ~60 Ma, followed by a later collision with the Asian margin.
Abstract: Convergence between the Indian and Asian plates has reshaped large parts of Asia, changing regional climate and biodiversity, yet geodynamic models fundamentally diverge on how convergence was accommodated since the India–Asia collision. Here we report palaeomagnetic data from the Burma Terrane, which is at the eastern edge of the collision zone and is famous for its Cretaceous amber biota, to better determine the evolution of the India–Asia collision. The Burma Terrane was part of a Trans-Tethyan island arc and stood at a near-equatorial southern latitude at ~95 Ma, suggesting island endemism for the Burmese amber biota. The Burma Terrane underwent significant clockwise rotation between ~80 and 50 Ma, causing its subduction margin to become hyper-oblique. Subsequently, it was translated northward on the Indian Plate by an exceptional distance of at least 2,000 km along a dextral strike-slip fault system in the east. Our reconstructions are only compatible with geodynamic models involving an initial collision of India with a near-equatorial Trans-Tethyan subduction system at ~60 Ma, followed by a later collision with the Asian margin. The Burma Terrane was part of a Trans-Tethyan island arc that began to collide with India 60 million years ago, according to palaeomagnetic data.
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Université Paris-Saclay1, Queen Mary University of London2, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich3, University of Rennes4, University Medical Center Utrecht5, Charles University in Prague6, Hannover Medical School7, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary8, Umeå University9, University of Coimbra10, University of Eastern Piedmont11, Sheba Medical Center12, Lund University13, Royal Free Hospital14, Netherlands Cancer Institute15, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust16
TL;DR: Pembrolizumab plus axitinib is a new standard of care for patients diagnosed with kidney cancer spread outside the kidney and who did not receive any prior treatment for their cancer (treatment naïve).