Showing papers by "University of Rennes published in 2021"
Daniel J. Klionsky1, Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz2, Sara Abdelfatah3, Mahmoud Abdellatif4 +2980 more•Institutions (777)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes.
Abstract: In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.
1,129 citations
University of Cologne1, University of Genoa2, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research3, University of Sydney4, Westmead Hospital5, Federal University of São Paulo6, Medical University of Graz7, University of California, San Diego8, Innsbruck Medical University9, University of Lagos10, McGill University Health Centre11, Fudan University12, Radboud University Nijmegen13, University of Rennes14, Duke University15, University of Texas at Austin16, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio17, Federal University of Paraná18, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston19, Cardiff University20, Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy21
TL;DR: It is proposed to be defined as possible, probable, or proven on the basis of sample validity and thus diagnostic certainty, and recommended first-line therapy is either voriconazole or isavuconazole, while azole resistance is a concern.
Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes direct damage to the airway epithelium, enabling aspergillus invasion. Reports of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis have raised concerns about it worsening the disease course of COVID-19 and increasing mortality. Additionally, the first cases of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis caused by azole-resistant aspergillus have been reported. This article constitutes a consensus statement on defining and managing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis, prepared by experts and endorsed by medical mycology societies. COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis is proposed to be defined as possible, probable, or proven on the basis of sample validity and thus diagnostic certainty. Recommended first-line therapy is either voriconazole or isavuconazole. If azole resistance is a concern, then liposomal amphotericin B is the drug of choice. Our aim is to provide definitions for clinical research and up-to-date recommendations for clinical management of the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.
519 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the population of 47 compact binary mergers detected with a false-alarm rate of 0.614 were dynamically assembled, and the authors found that the BBH rate likely increases with redshift, but not faster than the star formation rate.
Abstract: We report on the population of 47 compact binary mergers detected with a false-alarm rate of 0.01 are dynamically assembled. Third, we estimate merger rates, finding RBBH = 23.9-+8.614.3 Gpc-3 yr-1 for BBHs and RBNS = 320-+240490 Gpc-3 yr-1 for binary neutron stars. We find that the BBH rate likely increases with redshift (85% credibility) but not faster than the star formation rate (86% credibility). Additionally, we examine recent exceptional events in the context of our population models, finding that the asymmetric masses of GW190412 and the high component masses of GW190521 are consistent with our models, but the low secondary mass of GW190814 makes it an outlier.
468 citations
Washington University in St. Louis1, Vanderbilt University2, University of California, San Francisco3, University of Washington4, University of Chicago5, University of California, San Diego6, University of Rochester7, Emory University8, Mayo Clinic9, University of Maryland, College Park10, University of California, Los Angeles11, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center12, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich13, University of California, Davis14, Utrecht University15, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center16, Harvard University17, Loyola University Chicago18, University of California, Irvine19, University of Rennes20
TL;DR: The pivotal phase 2 results of ZUMA-3, an international, multicentre, single-arm, open-label study evaluating the efficacy and safety of the autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy KTE-X19 in adult patients with relapsed or refractory B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia remain poor, underlining the need for more effective therapies.
232 citations
TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that personalised dosimetry is to improve outcomes in future trials of selective internal radiation therapy with yttrium-90-loaded glass microspheres and should be used in practice.
228 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the recent applications of biochar in removing organic and inorganic pollutants present in industrial effluents and discuss the possible optimizations (such as the pyrolysis temperature, solution pH) allowing the increase of the adsorption capabilities of bio-char leading to organic contaminants removal.
Abstract: Currently, due to the rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization in developing countries, a large volume of wastewater is produced from industries that contain chemicals generating high environmental risks affecting human health and the economy if not treated properly. Consequently, the development of a sustainable low-cost wastewater treatment approach has attracted more attention of policymakers and scientists. The present review highlights the recent applications of biochar in removing organic and inorganic pollutants present in industrial effluents. The recent modes of preparation, physicochemical properties and adsorption mechanisms of biochar in removing organic and inorganic industrial pollutants are also reviewed comprehensively. Biochar showed high adsorption of industrial dyes up to 80%. It also discusses the recent application and mechanism of biochar-supported photocatalytic materials for the degradation of organic contaminants in wastewater. We reviewed also the possible optimizations (such as the pyrolysis temperature, solution pH) allowing the increase of the adsorption capabilities of biochar leading to organic contaminants removal. Besides, increasing the pyrolysis temperature of the biochar was seen to lead to an increase in its surface area, while it decreases their amount of oxygen-containing functional groups, consequently leading to a decrease in the adsorption of metal (loid) ions present in the medium. Finally, the review suggests that more research should be carried out to optimize the main parameters involved in biochar production and its regeneration methods. Future efforts should be also carried out towards process engineering to improve its adsorption capacity to increase the economic benefits of its implementation.
174 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review discusses and investigates antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria removal and inactivation with their associated genes through photocatalysis technique as an efficient and ecofriendly advanced oxidation process (AOP).
Abstract: To deal with the contamination of the water environment, which represents an arena for microorganisms and antibiotics, a photocatalytic process has been proposed due to its high efficiency and non-toxicity. This review discusses and investigates antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) removal and inactivation with their associated genes through photocatalysis technique as an efficient and ecofriendly advanced oxidation process (AOP) photocatalysis. The paper summarizes recent studies that dealt with both pollutants and their process parameters, optimal operating conditions, used semiconductor photocatalysts and their corresponding removal efficiency. Thus, it suggests that photocatalysis can offer impressive treatment efficiencies for both organic and microbial pollutants simultaneously. The review also states that both antibiotics and bacteria have a destroying effect against each other, where antibiotics have antimicrobial activity and bacteria have microbial degradation. This phenomenon creates a hybrid system for each pollutant (photocatalysis-bacteria, photocatalysis-antibiotic, bacteria-antibiotic), which accelerates the purification and disinfection of the polluted water caused by pathogens and hazardous pollutants using green and safe technology. Moreover, the reaction mechanism was detailed in order to define the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Likewise, photocatalysis coupling with other AOP techniques in this context was discussed to achieve more promising results. The main contribution of this review is to explain the relationship between antibiotics, microbial contaminants and photocatalysis. It also introduces a new area of study and concludes with an outlook on future research topics, such as viral disinfection.
142 citations
University of Cologne1, University of Bologna2, Claude Bernard University Lyon 13, French Institute of Health and Medical Research4, University of Barcelona5, Autonomous University of Madrid6, University of Hamburg7, University of Regensburg8, Federal University of Paraná9, University of Rennes10, University of Milan11
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper collected data from 186 patients who had coronavirus disease-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) worldwide during March-August 2020, and found that the cumulative incidence of CAPA in the ICU ranged from 1.0% to 39.1%.
Abstract: Pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 emerged in China at the end of 2019. Because of the severe immunomodulation and lymphocyte depletion caused by this virus and the subsequent administration of drugs directed at the immune system, we anticipated that patients might experience fungal superinfection. We collected data from 186 patients who had coronavirus disease-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) worldwide during March-August 2020. Overall, 182 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), including 180 with acute respiratory distress syndrome and 175 who received mechanical ventilation. CAPA was diagnosed a median of 10 days after coronavirus disease diagnosis. Aspergillus fumigatus was identified in 80.3% of patient cultures, 4 of which were azole-resistant. Most (52.7%) patients received voriconazole. In total, 52.2% of patients died; of the deaths, 33.0% were attributed to CAPA. We found that the cumulative incidence of CAPA in the ICU ranged from 1.0% to 39.1%.
140 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a clean and well-characterised catalogue of objects within 100 pc of the Sun from the Gaia Early Data Release 3 is presented, which contains at least 92% of stars of stellar type M9 within 100pc of the sun.
Abstract: Aims. We produce a clean and well-characterised catalogue of objects within 100 pc of the Sun from the Gaia Early Data Release 3. We characterise the catalogue through comparisons to the full data release, external catalogues, and simulations. We carry out a first analysis of the science that is possible with this sample to demonstrate its potential and best practices for its use.Methods. Theselection of objects within 100 pc from the full catalogue used selected training sets, machine-learning procedures, astrometric quantities, and solution quality indicators to determine a probability that the astrometric solution is reliable. The training set construction exploited the astrometric data, quality flags, and external photometry. For all candidates we calculated distance posterior probability densities using Bayesian procedures and mock catalogues to define priors. Any object with reliable astrometry and a non-zero probability of being within 100 pc is included in the catalogue.Results. We have produced a catalogue of 331 312 objects that we estimate contains at least 92% of stars of stellar type M9 within 100 pc of the Sun. We estimate that 9% of the stars in this catalogue probably lie outside 100 pc, but when the distance probability function is used, a correct treatment of this contamination is possible. We produced luminosity functions with a high signal-to-noise ratio for the main-sequence stars, giants, and white dwarfs. We examined in detail the Hyades cluster, the white dwarf population, and wide-binary systems and produced candidate lists for all three samples. We detected local manifestations of several streams, superclusters, and halo objects, in which we identified 12 members of Gaia Enceladus. We present the first direct parallaxes of five objects in multiple systems within 10 pc of the Sun.Conclusions. We provide the community with a large, well-characterised catalogue of objects in the solar neighbourhood. This is a primary benchmark for measuring and understanding fundamental parameters and descriptive functions in astronomy.
137 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study one-dimensional quadratic backward stochastic differential equations driven by Brownian motions with unbounded terminal values and propose an approximation procedure to prove existence and uniqueness.
Abstract: In this paper, we first study one-dimensional quadratic backward stochastic differential equations driven by $G$-Brownian motions ($G$-BSDEs) with unbounded terminal values. With the help of a $\theta$-method of Briand and Hu [4] and nonlinear stochastic analysis techniques, we propose an approximation procedure to prove existence and uniqueness result when the generator is convex (or concave) and terminal value is of exponential moments of arbitrary order. Finally, we also establish the well-posedness of multi-dimensional G-BSDEs with diagonally quadratic generators.
132 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an up-to-date view of the error landscape using the most mature flowcell and basecaller of the MinION long read sequencer is presented.
Abstract: Oxford Nanopore Technologies' (ONT) long read sequencers offer access to longer DNA fragments than previous sequencer generations, at the cost of a higher error rate. While many papers have studied read correction methods, few have addressed the detailed characterization of observed errors, a task complicated by frequent changes in chemistry and software in ONT technology. The MinION sequencer is now more stable and this paper proposes an up-to-date view of its error landscape, using the most mature flowcell and basecaller. We studied Nanopore sequencing error biases on both bacterial and human DNA reads. We found that, although Nanopore sequencing is expected not to suffer from GC bias, it is a crucial parameter with respect to errors. In particular, low-GC reads have fewer errors than high-GC reads (about 6% and 8% respectively). The error profile for homopolymeric regions or regions with short repeats, the source of about half of all sequencing errors, also depends on the GC rate and mainly shows deletions, although there are some reads with long insertions. Another interesting finding is that the quality measure, although over-estimated, offers valuable information to predict the error rate as well as the abundance of reads. We supplemented this study with an analysis of a rapeseed RNA read set and shown a higher level of errors with a higher level of deletion in these data. Finally, we have implemented an open source pipeline for long-term monitoring of the error profile, which enables users to easily compute various analysis presented in this work, including for future developments of the sequencing device. Overall, we hope this work will provide a basis for the design of better error-correction methods.
01 Jun 2021
TL;DR: The high potential of this synergy seems currently under-exploited; therefore a discussion is proposed about the related implications for data interoperability, machine learning and data sharing to reinforce synergies between UAVs and satellites.
Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and satellite constellations are both essential Earth Observation (EO) systems for monitoring land surface dynamics. The former is frequently used for its acquisition flexibility and its ability to supply imagery with very high spatial resolution (VHSR); the latter is interesting for supplying time-series data over large areas. However, each of these data sources is generally used separately even though they are complementary and have strong and promising potential synergies. Data fusion is a well-known technique to exploit this multi-source synergy, but in practice, UAV and satellite synergies are more specific, less well known and need to be formalized. In this article, we review remote sensing studies that addressed both data sources. Current approaches were categorized to distinguish four strategies: “data comparison”, “multiscale explanation”, “model calibration” and “data fusion”. Analysis of the literature revealed emerging trends, the supply of these distinct strategies for several applications and allowed to identify key contributions of UAV data. Finally, the high potential of this synergy seems currently under-exploited; therefore a discussion is proposed about the related implications for data interoperability, machine learning and data sharing to reinforce synergies between UAVs and satellites.
Charité1, University of Southampton2, University College Cork3, Copenhagen University Hospital4, University of Copenhagen5, National University of Singapore6, Boston Children's Hospital7, Wayne State University8, University of Rennes9, Odense University Hospital10, Technische Universität München11, Hospital Clínico San Carlos12, Newcastle University13, University Medical Center Groningen14, St Mary's Hospital15, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust16
TL;DR: The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Anaphylaxis multidisciplinary Task Force has updated the 2014 guideline as discussed by the authors, which was developed using the AGREE II framework and the GRADE approach.
Abstract: Anaphylaxis is a clinical emergency which all healthcare professionals need to be able to recognise and manage. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Anaphylaxis multidisciplinary Task Force has updated the 2014 guideline. The guideline was developed using the AGREE II framework and the GRADE approach. The evidence was systematically reviewed and recommendations were created by weighing up benefits and harms. The guideline was peer-reviewed by external experts and reviewed in a public consultation. The use of clinical criteria to identify anaphylaxis is suggested with blood sampling for the later measurement of tryptase. The prompt use of intramuscular adrenaline as first line management is recommended with the availability of adrenaline autoinjectors to patients in the community. Pharmacokinetic data should be provided for adrenaline autoinjector devices. Structured, comprehensive training for people at risk of anaphylaxis is recommended. Simulation training and visual prompts for healthcare professionals are suggested to improve the management of anaphylaxis. It is suggested that school policies reflect anaphylaxis guidelines. The evidence for the management of anaphylaxis remains mostly at a very low level. There is an urgent need to prioritise clinical trials with the potential to improve the management of patients at risk of anaphylaxis.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify the potential of the spatio-temporal control offered by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) to boost wireless communications in rich scattering channels via two case studies.
Abstract: Recent advances in the fabrication and experimentation of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have motivated the concept of the smart radio environment, according to which the propagation of information-bearing waveforms in the wireless medium is amenable to programmability. Although the vast majority of recent experimental research on RIS-empowered wireless communications gravitates around narrowband beamforming in quasi-free space, RISs are foreseen to revolutionize wideband wireless connectivity in dense urban as well as indoor scenarios, which are usually characterized as strongly reverberant environments exhibiting severe multipath conditions. In this article, capitalizing on recent physics-driven experimental explorations of RIS-empowered wave propagation control in complex scattering cavities, we identify the potential of the spatio-temporal control offered by RISs to boost wireless communications in rich scattering channels via two case studies. First, an RIS is deployed to shape the multipath channel impulse response, which is shown to enable higher achievable communication rates. Second, the RIS-tunable propagation environment is leveraged as an analog multiplexer to localize non-cooperative objects using wave fingerprints, even when they are outside the line of sight. Future research challenges and opportunities in the algorithmic design and experimentation of smart rich scattering wireless environments enabled by RISs for sixth generation wireless communications are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provided a comprehensive document to help clinicians in managing COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) globally, driven particularly by low and middle-income countries.
Abstract: Reports are increasing on the emergence of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) globally, driven particularly by low- and middle-income countries. The recent unprecedented surge of CAM in India has drawn worldwide attention. More than 28,252 mucormycosis cases are counted and India is the first country where mucormycosis has been declared a notifiable disease. However, misconception of management, diagnosing and treating this infection continue to occur. Thus, European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) and the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) felt the need to address clinical management of CAM in low- and middle-income countries. This article provides a comprehensive document to help clinicians in managing this infection. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and inappropriate (high dose or not indicated) corticosteroid use are the major predisposing factors for this surge. High counts of Mucorales spores in both the indoor and outdoor environments, and the immunosuppressive impact of COVID-19 patients as well as immunotherapy are possible additional factors. Furthermore, a hyperglycaemic state leads to an increased expression of glucose regulated protein (GRP- 78) in endothelial cells that may help the entry of Mucorales into tissues. Rhino-orbital mucormycosis is the most common presentation followed by pulmonary mucormycosis. Recommendations are focused on the early suspicion of the disease and confirmation of diagnosis. Regarding management, glycaemic control, elimination of corticosteroid therapy, extensive surgical debridement and antifungal therapy are the standards for proper care. Due to limited availability of amphotericin B formulations during the present epidemic, alternative antifungal therapies are also discussed.
TL;DR: The design of fluorophores merging circularly polarized (CP) luminescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties has recently emerged as a promising direction for the development of efficient CP-Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (CP-OLEDs) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The design of fluorophores merging circularly polarized (CP) luminescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties has recently emerged as a promising direction for the development of efficient CP-Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (CP-OLEDs). This progress report gives an overview of the molecular designs explored to obtain CP-TADF properties, of their performances as chiral emitters in CP-OLEDs, and discusses future challenges for this burgeoning field of research.
TL;DR: Complication rates did not appear to differ when colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases are resected simultaneously, and overall and disease-free survival tended to be improved in simultaneous as compared with delayed-resection groups.
Abstract: Objective To answer whether synchronous colorectal cancer liver metastases (SLM) should be resected simultaneously with primary cancer or should be delayed. Summary background data Numerous studies have compared both strategies. All were retrospective and conclusions were contradictory. Methods Adults with colorectal cancer and resectable SLM were randomly assigned to either simultaneous or delayed resection of the metastases. The primary outcome was the rate of major complications within 60 days following surgery. Secondary outcomes included overall and disease-free survival. Results A total of 105 patients were recruited. Eighty-five patients (39 and 46 in the simultaneous- and delayed-resection groups, respectively) were analyzed. The percentage of major perioperative complications did not differ between groups (49% and 46% in the simultaneous- and delayed-resection groups, respectively, adjusted OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.35-2.01; P = 0.70, logistic regression). Complications rates were 28% and 13% (P = 0.08, χ2 test) at colorectal site and 15% and 17% (P = 0.80, χ2 test) at liver site, in simultaneous- and delayed-resection groups, respectively. In the delayed-resection group, 8 patients did not reach the liver resection stage, and this was due to disease progression in 6 cases. After 2 years, overall and disease-free survival tended to be improved in simultaneous as compared with delayed-resection groups (P = 0.05), a tendency which persisted for OS after a median follow-up of 47 months. Conclusions Complication rates did not appear to differ when colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases are resected simultaneously. Delayed resection tended to impair overall survival.
Oslo University Hospital1, University of Barcelona2, Erasmus University Rotterdam3, University of Utah4, Medical University of Warsaw5, University of Rennes6, University of Limoges7, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research8, Synlab Group9, Leiden University Medical Center10, University of Pittsburgh11, Charité12, Université catholique de Louvain13, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc14, International University of Health and Welfare15, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center16, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center17, University of Göttingen18, Boston Children's Hospital19, Mayo Clinic20
TL;DR: In this article, the status of personalized treatment with mycophenolic acid (MPA) is discussed, including the criteria for analytics, methods to estimate exposure including pharmacometrics, potential influence of pharmacogenetics, development of biomarkers, and the practical aspects of implementation of target concentration intervention.
Abstract: When mycophenolic acid (MPA) was originally marketed for immunosuppressive therapy, fixed doses were recommended by the manufacturer. Awareness of the potential for a more personalized dosing has led to development of methods to estimate MPA area under the curve based on the measurement of drug concentrations in only a few samples. This approach is feasible in the clinical routine and has proven successful in terms of correlation with outcome. However, the search for superior correlates has continued, and numerous studies in search of biomarkers that could better predict the perfect dosage for the individual patient have been published. As it was considered timely for an updated and comprehensive presentation of consensus on the status for personalized treatment with MPA, this report was prepared following an initiative from members of the International Association of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology (IATDMCT). Topics included are the criteria for analytics, methods to estimate exposure including pharmacometrics, the potential influence of pharmacogenetics, development of biomarkers, and the practical aspects of implementation of target concentration intervention. For selected topics with sufficient evidence, such as the application of limited sampling strategies for MPA area under the curve, graded recommendations on target ranges are presented. To provide a comprehensive review, this report also includes updates on the status of potential biomarkers including those which may be promising but with a low level of evidence. In view of the fact that there are very few new immunosuppressive drugs under development for the transplant field, it is likely that MPA will continue to be prescribed on a large scale in the upcoming years. Discontinuation of therapy due to adverse effects is relatively common, increasing the risk for late rejections, which may contribute to graft loss. Therefore, the continued search for innovative methods to better personalize MPA dosage is warranted.
TL;DR: Femtosecond X-ray and optical absorption spectroscopies have enabled the electronic and structural dynamics of this light-induced process to be disentangled and show that it is the spin transition on the cobalt atom that induces the Fe-to-Co charge-transfer within ~200 fs.
Abstract: Photoinduced charge-transfer is an important process in nature and technology and is responsible for the emergence of exotic functionalities, such as magnetic order for cyanide-bridged bimetallic coordination networks. Despite its broad interest and intensive developments in chemistry and material sciences, the atomic-scale description of the initial photoinduced process, which couples intermetallic charge-transfer and spin transition, has been debated for decades; it has been beyond reach due to its extreme speed. Here we study this process in a prototype cyanide-bridged CoFe system by femtosecond X-ray and optical absorption spectroscopies, enabling the disentanglement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics. Our results demonstrate that it is the spin transition that occurs first on the Co site within ~50 fs, and it is this that drives the subsequent Fe-to-Co charge-transfer within ~200 fs. This study represents a step towards understanding and controlling charge-transfer-based functions using light. Cyanide-bridged CoFe coordination networks exhibit photomagnetism because of coupled charge-transfer and spin transition. Now, femtosecond X-ray and optical absorption spectroscopies have enabled the electronic and structural dynamics of this light-induced process to be disentangled and show that it is the spin transition on the cobalt atom, occurring within ~50 fs, that induces the Fe-to-Co charge-transfer within ~200 fs.
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of 26 clinically annotated COVID-19 patients were analyzed by thorough phenotypic and functional investigations at days 0, 4, and 7 after ICU admission.
Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to a severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with prolonged mechanical ventilation and high mortality rate. Interestingly, COVID-19-associated ARDS share biological and clinical features with sepsis-associated immunosuppression since lymphopenia and acquired infections associated with late mortality are frequently encountered. Mechanisms responsible for COVID-19-associated lymphopenia need to be explored since they could be responsible for delayed virus clearance and increased mortality rate among intensive care unit (ICU) patients. A series of 26 clinically annotated COVID-19 patients were analyzed by thorough phenotypic and functional investigations at days 0, 4, and 7 after ICU admission. We revealed that, in the absence of any difference in demographic parameters nor medical history between the two groups, ARDS patients presented with an increased number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and a decreased number of CD8pos effector memory cell compared to patients hospitalized for COVID-19 moderate pneumonia. Interestingly, COVID-19-related MDSC expansion was directly correlated to lymphopenia and enhanced arginase activity. Lastly, T cell proliferative capacity in vitro was significantly reduced among COVID-19 patients and could be restored through arginine supplementation. The present study reports a critical role for MDSC in COVID-19-associated ARDS. Our findings open the possibility of arginine supplementation as an adjuvant therapy for these ICU patients, aiming to reduce immunosuppression and help virus clearance, thereby decreasing the duration of mechanical ventilation, nosocomial infection acquisition, and mortality.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed recommendations for the management of post-operative pain after primary elective total hip arthroplasty, updating the previous procedure-specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) guidelines published in 2005 and updated in July 2010.
Abstract: The aim of this systematic review was to develop recommendations for the management of postoperative pain after primary elective total hip arthroplasty, updating the previous procedure-specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) guidelines published in 2005 and updated in July 2010. Randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses published between July 2010 and December 2019 assessing postoperative pain using analgesic, anaesthetic, surgical or other interventions were identified from MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases. Five hundred and twenty studies were initially identified, of which 108 randomised trials and 21 meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria. Peri-operative interventions that improved postoperative pain include: paracetamol; cyclo-oxygenase-2-selective inhibitors; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; and intravenous dexamethasone. In addition, peripheral nerve blocks (femoral nerve block; lumbar plexus block; fascia iliaca block), single-shot local infiltration analgesia, intrathecal morphine and epidural analgesia also improved pain. Limited or inconsistent evidence was found for all other approaches evaluated. Surgical and anaesthetic techniques appear to have a minor impact on postoperative pain, and thus their choice should be based on criteria other than pain. In summary, the analgesic regimen for total hip arthroplasty should include pre-operative or intra-operative paracetamol and cyclo-oxygenase-2-selective inhibitors or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, continued postoperatively with opioids used as rescue analgesics. In addition, intra-operative intravenous dexamethasone 8-10 mg is recommended. Regional analgesic techniques such as fascia iliaca block or local infiltration analgesia are recommended, especially if there are contra-indications to basic analgesics and/or in patients with high expected postoperative pain. Epidural analgesia, femoral nerve block, lumbar plexus block and gabapentinoid administration are not recommended as the adverse effects outweigh the benefits. Although intrathecal morphine 0.1 mg can be used, the PROSPECT group emphasises the risks and side-effects associated with its use and provides evidence that adequate analgesia may be achieved with basic analgesics and regional techniques without intrathecal morphine.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported a record high ZT of ~0.65 at 623 K in the n-type Ag/In co-doped CoSb3 thin films, fabricated by a facile magnetron sputtering technique.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a dedicated risk score model to predict the outcome of patients after tricuspid regurgitation (TR) for severe noncongenital TR at 12 French centres between 2007 and 2017.
Abstract: AIMS : Isolated tricuspid valve surgery (ITVS) is considered to be a high-risk procedure, but in-hospital mortality is markedly variable. This study sought to develop a dedicated risk score model to predict the outcome of patients after ITVS for severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR). METHODS AND RESULTS : All consecutive adult patients who underwent ITVS for severe non-congenital TR at 12 French centres between 2007 and 2017 were included. We identified 466 patients (60 ± 16 years, 49% female, functional TR in 49%). In-hospital mortality rate was 10%. We derived and internally validated a scoring system to predict in-hospital mortality using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapping with 1000 re-samples. The final risk score ranged from 0 to 12 points and included eight parameters: age ≥70 years, New York Heart Association Class III-IV, right-sided heart failure signs, daily dose of furosemide ≥125 mg, glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min, elevated bilirubin, left ventricular ejection fraction <60%, and moderate/severe right ventricular dysfunction. Tricuspid regurgitation mechanism was not an independent predictor of outcome. Observed and predicted in-hospital mortality rates increased from 0% to 60% and from 1% to 65%, respectively, as the score increased from 0 up to ≥9 points. Apparent and bias-corrected areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.81 and 0.75, respectively, much higher than the logistic EuroSCORE (0.67) or EuroSCORE II (0.63). CONCLUSION : We propose TRI-SCORE as a dedicated risk score model based on eight easy to ascertain parameters to inform patients and physicians regarding the risk of ITVS and guide the clinical decision-making process of patients with severe TR, especially as transcatheter therapies are emerging (www.tri-score.com).
Steinbeis-Hochschule Berlin1, University of Bologna2, University of Geneva3, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center4, Shaare Zedek Medical Center5, Bethel University6, University of Hong Kong7, University of Rennes8, Johns Hopkins University9, Aarhus University Hospital10, Maastricht University11, Radboud University Nijmegen12, Leipzig University13, University of Paris14, Karolinska University Hospital15, Washington University in St. Louis16, Cardiovascular Institute of the South17, Autonomous University of Barcelona18, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki19
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a systematic literature search and review, based on consensus from an international task force, aiming to fill the gap by setting standards for device implantation.
Abstract: With the global increase in device implantations, there is a growing need to train physicians to implant pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Although there are international recommendations for device indications and programming, there is no consensus to date regarding implantation technique. This document is founded on a systematic literature search and review, and on consensus from an international task force. It aims to fill the gap by setting standards for device implantation.
Abstract: Context. This work is part of the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium papers published with the Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3). It is one of the demonstration papers aiming to highlight the improvements and quality of the newly published data by applying them to a scientific case.Aims. We use the Gaia EDR3 data to study the structure and kinematics of the Magellanic Clouds. The large distance to the Clouds is a challenge for the Gaia astrometry. The Clouds lie at the very limits of the usability of the Gaia data, which makes the Clouds an excellent case study for evaluating the quality and properties of the Gaia data.Methods. The basis of our work are two samples selected to provide a representation as clean as possible of the stars of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The selection used criteria based on position, parallax, and proper motions to remove foreground contamination from the Milky Way, and allowed the separation of the stars of both Clouds. From these two samples we defined a series of subsamples based on cuts in the colour-magnitude diagram; these subsamples were used to select stars in a common evolutionary phase and can also be used as approximate proxies of a selection by age.Results. We compared the Gaia Data Release 2 and Gaia EDR3 performances in the study of the Magellanic Clouds and show the clear improvements in precision and accuracy in the new release. We also show that the systematics still present in the data make the determination of the 3D geometry of the LMC a difficult endeavour; this is at the very limit of the usefulness of the Gaia EDR3 astrometry, but it may become feasible with the use of additional external data. We derive radial and tangential velocity maps and global profiles for the LMC for the several subsamples we defined. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the two planar components of the ordered and random motions are derived for multiple stellar evolutionary phases in a galactic disc outside the Milky Way, showing the differences between younger and older phases. We also analyse the spatial structure and motions in the central region, the bar, and the disc, providing new insightsinto features and kinematics. Finally, we show that the Gaia EDR3 data allows clearly resolving the Magellanic Bridge, and we trace the density and velocity flow of the stars from the SMC towards the LMC not only globally, but also separately for young and evolved populations. This allows us to confirm an evolved population in the Bridge that is slightly shift from the younger population. Additionally, we were able to study the outskirts of both Magellanic Clouds, in which we detected some well-known features and indications of new ones.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset and obtain results for the first time that kink-kink collisions do not yield a detection.
Abstract: We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15} In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models
TL;DR: A growing body of research suggests that prenatal exposure to paracetamol (APAP) might alter development and increase the risk of some reproductive, urogenital and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Abstract: Paracetamol (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP), otherwise known as acetaminophen) is the active ingredient in more than 600 medications used to relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce fever. APAP is widely used by pregnant women as governmental agencies, including the FDA and EMA, have long considered APAP appropriate for use during pregnancy when used as directed. However, increasing experimental and epidemiological research suggests that prenatal exposure to APAP might alter fetal development, which could increase the risks of some neurodevelopmental, reproductive and urogenital disorders. Here we summarize this evidence and call for precautionary action through a focused research effort and by increasing awareness among health professionals and pregnant women. APAP is an important medication and alternatives for treatment of high fever and severe pain are limited. We recommend that pregnant women should be cautioned at the beginning of pregnancy to: forego APAP unless its use is medically indicated; consult with a physician or pharmacist if they are uncertain whether use is indicated and before using on a long-term basis; and minimize exposure by using the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible time. We suggest specific actions to implement these recommendations. This Consensus Statement reflects our concerns and is currently supported by 91 scientists, clinicians and public health professionals from across the globe. A growing body of research suggests that prenatal exposure to paracetamol (APAP) might alter development and increase the risk of some reproductive, urogenital and neurodevelopmental disorders. This Consensus Statement calls for precautionary action, including a focused research effort, increasing awareness among health professionals and pregnant women and, whenever possible, minimizing use.
University of Warwick1, Yale University2, Valve Corporation3, Hannover Medical School4, Leiden University5, Vilnius University6, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics7, Leipzig University8, University of Cyprus9, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens10, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich11, Wrocław Medical University12, University of Ljubljana13, University of Rennes14, Karolinska University Hospital15, University of Cambridge16, Brigham and Women's Hospital17, University of Brescia18, University Hospital of Basel19, University of Hasselt20, University of Bern21, Ruhr University Bochum22, University of Zurich23, University of Paris24, Carlos III Health Institute25, University of Oslo26, Oslo University Hospital27, University of Belgrade28, St Thomas' Hospital29
TL;DR: In this paper, a collaborative position statement, developed by four key associations of the European Society of Cardiology-the Heart Failure Association (HFA), European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), European association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), and European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), presents an updated practical approach to the evaluation and management of patients with chronic heart failure and secondary mitral regurgitation based upon a Heart Team approach.
Abstract: Secondary (or functional) mitral regurgitation (SMR) occurs frequently in chronic heart failure (HF) with reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, resulting from LV remodelling that prevents coaptation of the valve leaflets. Secondary mitral regurgitation contributes to progression of the symptoms and signs of HF and confers worse prognosis. The management of HF patients with SMR is complex and requires timely referral to a multidisciplinary Heart Team. Optimization of pharmacological and device therapy according to guideline recommendations is crucial. Further management requires careful clinical and imaging assessment, addressing the anatomical and functional features of the mitral valve and left ventricle, overall HF status, and relevant comorbidities. Evidence concerning surgical correction of SMR is sparse and it is doubtful whether this approach improves prognosis. Transcatheter repair has emerged as a promising alternative, but the conflicting results of current randomized trials require careful interpretation. This collaborative position statement, developed by four key associations of the European Society of Cardiology-the Heart Failure Association (HFA), European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), and European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)-presents an updated practical approach to the evaluation and management of patients with HF and SMR based upon a Heart Team approach.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the CLUmondo modelling framework that couples cellular automata and multivariate logistic regression to simulate urban growth in Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, and Zaragoza Spanish Functional Urban Areas from 2012 to 2030 in four scenarios.