University of Rhode Island

About: University of Rhode Island is a education organization based out in Kingston, Rhode Island, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Bay. The organization has 11464 authors who have published 22770 publications receiving 841066 citations. The organization is also known as: URI & Rhode Island College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts.

The mediating role of organizational job embeddedness in the LMX-outcomes relationships

Abstract: This study furthers the research on leader–member exchange (LMX) and organizational job embeddedness by examining the relationships between these variables and three workplace outcomes. In particular, we employ the Conservation of Resources theory to hypothesize LMX as a predictor of organizational job embeddedness, and organizational job embeddedness to be a predictor of the outcomes of job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and actual turnover. Further, we suggest organizational job embeddedness is an intermediary mechanism that mediates the LMX–outcome relationships. We examine these proposed relationships in a sample of 205 automobile employees. In general, our results provide strong support for the proposed associations. Contributions, limitations, practical implications, and directions for future research are offered.

The Structure and Transport of the Gulf Stream at 73°W

Abstract: Between September 1980 and May 1983, 16 sections of temperature and velocity were obtained with the Pegasus instrument along a transect crossing the Gulf Stream at 73°W. The mean temperature and velocity fields of the upper 2000 meters were calculated. The transport above 2000 meters calculated from the sections had a mean of 87.8 (± 17.3) × 106 m3 s−1. A comparison with mass flux measurements obtained by previous investigators at Cape Fear indicated that the addition to the transport of the Stream in the region was uniform with depth above 800 meters. The mean inflow measured at the Pegasus line was found to be uniform above 800 meters and to decrese substantially below this depth. The increase in transport at the line estimated from the mean cross-stream velocity field was 15.4 (± 5.8) × 106 m3 s−1 per 100 km downstream distance. The temporal fluctuation of the Pegasus transport measurements was consistent with an annual cycle with a maximum in April. The mean eddy kinetic energy at the surface...

Global analysis of depletion and recovery of seabed biota after bottom trawling disturbance

Abstract: Bottom trawling is the most widespread human activity affecting seabed habitats. Here, we collate all available data for experimental and comparative studies of trawling impacts on whole communities of seabed macroinvertebrates on sedimentary habitats and develop widely applicable methods to estimate depletion and recovery rates of biota after trawling. Depletion of biota and trawl penetration into the seabed are highly correlated. Otter trawls caused the least depletion, removing 6% of biota per pass and penetrating the seabed on average down to 2.4 cm, whereas hydraulic dredges caused the most depletion, removing 41% of biota and penetrating the seabed on average 16.1 cm. Median recovery times posttrawling (from 50 to 95% of unimpacted biomass) ranged between 1.9 and 6.4 y. By accounting for the effects of penetration depth, environmental variation, and uncertainty, the models explained much of the variability of depletion and recovery estimates from single studies. Coupled with large-scale, high-resolution maps of trawling frequency and habitat, our estimates of depletion and recovery rates enable the assessment of trawling impacts on unprecedented spatial scales.

PFAS Exposure Pathways for Humans and Wildlife: A Synthesis of Current Knowledge and Key Gaps in Understanding.

Abstract: We synthesize current understanding of the magnitudes and methods for assessing human and wildlife exposures to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Most human exposure assessments have focused on 2 to 5 legacy PFAS, and wildlife assessments are typically limited to targeted PFAS (up to ~30 substances). However, shifts in chemical production are occurring rapidly, and targeted methods for detecting PFAS have not kept pace with these changes. Total fluorine measurements complemented by suspect screening using high-resolution mass spectrometry are thus emerging as essential tools for PFAS exposure assessment. Such methods enable researchers to better understand contributions from precursor compounds that degrade into terminal perfluoroalkyl acids. Available data suggest that diet is the major human exposure pathway for some PFAS, but there is large variability across populations and PFAS compounds. Additional data on total fluorine in exposure media and the fraction of unidentified organofluorine are needed. Drinking water has been established as the major exposure source in contaminated communities. As water supplies are remediated, for the general population, exposures from dust, personal care products, indoor environments, and other sources may be more important. A major challenge for exposure assessments is the lack of statistically representative population surveys. For wildlife, bioaccumulation processes differ substantially between PFAS and neutral lipophilic organic compounds, prompting a reevaluation of traditional bioaccumulation metrics. There is evidence that both phospholipids and proteins are important for the tissue partitioning and accumulation of PFAS. New mechanistic models for PFAS bioaccumulation are being developed that will assist in wildlife risk evaluations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:631-657. © 2020 SETAC.

Blood-based biomarkers in Alzheimer disease: Current state of the science and a novel collaborative paradigm for advancing from discovery to clinic.

Abstract: The last decade has seen a substantial increase in research focused on the identification of blood-based biomarkers that have utility in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Blood-based biomarkers have significant advantages of being time- and cost-efficient as well as reduced invasiveness and increased patient acceptance. Despite these advantages and increased research efforts, the field has been hampered by lack of reproducibility and an unclear path for moving basic discovery toward clinical utilization. Here we reviewed the recent literature on blood-based biomarkers in AD to provide a current state of the art. In addition, a collaborative model is proposed that leverages academic and industry strengths to facilitate the field in moving past discovery only work and toward clinical use. Key resources are provided. This new public-private partnership model is intended to circumvent the traditional handoff model and provide a clear and useful paradigm for the advancement of biomarker science in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.