University of Rhode Island

About: University of Rhode Island is a education organization based out in Kingston, Rhode Island, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Bay. The organization has 11464 authors who have published 22770 publications receiving 841066 citations. The organization is also known as: URI & Rhode Island College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts.

ACSM's new preparticipation health screening recommendations from ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, ninth edition.

Abstract: Introduction Previously the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) preparticipation health screening recommendations were cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment and stratification of all people, and a medical examination and symptomlimited exercise testing as part of the preparticipation health screening prior to initiating vigorous-intensity physical activity in individuals at increased risk for occult CVD (14). Individuals at increased risk in these recommendations were men Q45 yr and women Q55 yr; those with 2 or more major CVD risk factors; individuals with signs and symptoms of CVD; and those with known cardiac, pulmonary, or metabolic disease. ACSM’s new preparticipation health screening recommendations are as follows:

Fore-arc basalts and subduction initiation in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana system

Abstract: Recent diving with the JAMSTEC Shinkai 6500 manned submersible in the Mariana fore arc southeast of Guam has discovered that MORB-like tholeiitic basalts crop out over large areas These ''fore-arc basalts'' (FAB) underlie boninites and overlie diabasic and gabbroic rocks Potential origins include eruption at a spreading center before subduction began or eruption during near-trench spreading after subduction began FAB trace element patterns are similar to those of MORB and most Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) back-arc lavas However, Ti/V and Yb/V ratios are lower in FAB reflecting a stronger prior depletion of their mantle source compared to the source of basalts from mid-ocean ridges and back-arc basins Some FAB also have higher concentrations of fluid-soluble elements than do spreading center lavas Thus, the most likely origin of FAB is that they were the first lavas to erupt when the Pacific Plate began sinking beneath the Philippine Plate at about 51 Ma The magmas were generated by mantle decompression during near-trench spreading with little or no mass transfer from the subducting plate Boninites were generated later when the residual, highly depleted mantle melted at shallow levels after fluxing by a water-rich fluid derived from the sinking Pacific Plate This magmatic stratigraphy of FAB overlain by transitional lavas and boninites is similar to that found in many ophiolites, suggesting that ophiolitic assemblages might commonly originate from near-trench volcanism caused by subduction initiation Indeed, the widely dispersed Jurassic and Cretaceous Tethyan ophiolites could represent two such significant subduction initiation events

Between Coastal Marshes and Coastal Waters — A Review of Twenty Years of Speculation and Research on the Role of Salt Marshes in Estuarine Productivity and Water Chemistry

Abstract: It has been almost 20 years since John Teal (1962) published his well-known paper synthesizing a variety of independent studies of production, respiration, and animal abundances in the salt marsh ecosystem of Sapelo Island, Georgia. Teal’s work brought out a number of interesting points, but I think the reason the paper is most often cited is because of its last sentence. After discussing various trophic relationships in the marsh, the paper ended with the conclusion that “...the tides remove 45% of the production before the marsh consumers have a chance to use it and in so doing permit the estuaries to support an abundance of animals.”

Thermal Decomposition of LiPF6-Based Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract: The thermal decomposition of lithium-ion battery electrolytes 1.0 M LiPF 6 in one or more carbonate solvents has been investigated. Electrolytes containing diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethylene carbonate (EC), a 1:1 mixture of EC/dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and a 1:1:1 mixture EC/DMC/DEC have been investigated by multinuclear nuclear magnetic spectroscopy, gas chromatography with mass selective detection, and size exclusion chromatography. Thermal decomposition affords products including: carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), ethylene (CH 2 CH 2 ), dialkylethers (R 2 O), alkyl fluorides (RF), phosphorus oxyfluoride (OPF 3 ), fluorophosphates [OPF 2 OR, OPF(OR) 2 ], fluorophosporic acids [OPF 2 OH, OPF(OH) 2 ], and oligoethylene oxides. The mechanism of decomposition is similar in all LiPF 6 /carbonate electrolytes. Trace protic impurities lead to generation of OPF 2 OR, which autocatalytically decomposes LiPF 6 and carbonates. The presence of DEC leads to the generation of ethylene, while the presnce of EC leads to the generation of capped oligothylene oxides [OPF 2 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) n F].