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Institution

University of Rhode Island

EducationKingston, Rhode Island, United States
About: University of Rhode Island is a education organization based out in Kingston, Rhode Island, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Bay. The organization has 11464 authors who have published 22770 publications receiving 841066 citations. The organization is also known as: URI & Rhode Island College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts.


Papers
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01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: The importance of taking careful account of manufacturing and assembly problems in the early stages of product design is stressed and the philosophy of the Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA) methodology and its application are explained.
Abstract: Design is the first step in manufacturing, and it is where most of the important decisions are made that affect the final cost of a product. Since 1980, analysis techniques have been made available which can guide designers towards products which are easy to manufacture and assemble. The availability of these techniques has created a revolution in manufacturing industry, especially in the USA, leading to reduced product cost, better quality, shorter time to market, lower inventory, few suppliers, and many other improvements. The paper first stresses the importance of taking careful account of manufacturing and assembly problems in the early stages of product design. Then, using a case study, the philosophy of the Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA) methodology and its application are explained. The historical development of dessgn-for-assembly and design-for- techniques in Japan, Europe and the USA is presented. A review of published case histories emphasizes the enormous advantages to be gained by adopting this relatively new approach as the major tool in concurrent and simultaneous engineering. Finally, a discussion of the various roadblocks affecting DFMA implementation is followed by a discussion of current developments, which include product design for disassembly, service and recycling.

1,789 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two scales to measure stages of change for exercise behavior and exercise self-efficacy indicated employees who had not yet begun to exercise, in contrast with those who exercised regularly, had little confidence in their ability to exercise.
Abstract: This study examined the application of constructs concerning stage of readiness to change and self-efficacy to exercise. We developed two scales to measure stages of change for exercise behavior. Prevalence information on a sample of 1,063 government employees and 429 hospital employees was then obtained. Next, the ability of a questionnaire measuring exercise self-efficacy to differentiate employees according to stage of readiness to change was tested. Results from both stages-of-change scales revealed that 34–39% of employees were regularly participating in physical activity. Scores on efficacy items significantly differentiated employees at most stages. Results indicated employees who had not yet begun to exercise, in contrast with those who exercised regularly, had little confidence in their ability to exercise. Continued work at understanding the stages of exercise behavior and exercise self-efficacy could yield important information for enhancing exercise adoption and adherence.

1,760 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present evidence from a survey of 872 employees of four firms that ethical work climates are both multidimensional and multidetermined, and that there is variance in the ethical climate within organizations by position, tenure, and workgroup membership.
Abstract: This research was funded through the Interdisciplinary Program in Applied Ethics, College of Law, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, by a grant from the Peter Kiewit Sons, Inc. Foundation and the Peter Kiewit Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the valuable guidance and insights provided by Marshall Meyer and four anonymous ASQ reviewers. We would also like to thank Tomoaki Sakano and Daniel Ganster for their helpful comments during the formative stages of this manuscript. Using a modification of a recently developed measure of ethical climates, this paper presents evidence from a survey of 872 employees of four firms that ethical work climates are both multidimensional and multidetermined. The study demonstrates that organizations have distinct types of ethical climates and that there is variance in the ethical climate within organizations by position, tenure, and workgroup membership. Five empirically derived dimensions of ethical climate are described: law and code, caring, instrumentalism, independence, and rules. Analyses of variance reveal significant differences in ethical climates both across and within firms. A theory of ethical climates is developed from organization and economic theory to describe the determinants of ethical climates in organizations. In particular, the sociocultural environment, organizational form, and organization-specific history are identified as determinants of the ethical climates in organizations. The implications of ethical climate for organizational theory are also discussed.'

1,757 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Practice guidelines are presented for diagnosis and treatment of patients with thyroid-related medical issues just before and during pregnancy and in the postpartum interval, including evidence-based approaches to assessing the cause of the condition, treating it, and managing hypothyroidism.
Abstract: Objective: The aim was to update the guidelines for the management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum published previously in 2007. A summary of changes between the 2007 and 2012 version is identified in the Supplemental Data (published on The Endocrine Society's Journals Online web site at http://jcem.endojournals.org). Evidence: This evidence-based guideline was developed according to the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force, grading items level A, B, C, D, or I, on the basis of the strength of evidence and magnitude of net benefit (benefits minus harms) as well as the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to describe both the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence. Consensus Process: The guideline was developed through a series of e-mails, conference calls, and one face-to-face meeting. An initial draft was prepared by the Task Force, with the help of a medical writer, and reviewed and commented on by members of The Endocri...

1,707 citations


Authors

Showing all 11569 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
James M. Tiedje150688102287
Roberto Kolter12031552942
Robert S. Stern12076162834
Michael S. Feld11955251968
William C. Sessa11738352208
Kenneth H. Mayer115135164698
Staffan Kjelleberg11442544414
Kevin C. Jones11474450207
David R. Nelson11061566627
Peter K. Smith10785549174
Peter M. Groffman10645740165
Ming Li103166962672
Victor Nizet10256444193
Anil Kumar99212464825
James O. Prochaska9732073265
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202344
2022161
20211,105
20201,058
2019996
2018888