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Institution

University of Rhode Island

EducationKingston, Rhode Island, United States
About: University of Rhode Island is a education organization based out in Kingston, Rhode Island, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Bay. The organization has 11464 authors who have published 22770 publications receiving 841066 citations. The organization is also known as: URI & Rhode Island College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of 149 samples of benthic foraminifera from deep-sea core tops indicate that none of the nine species studied secrete calcium carbonate in isotopic equilibrium with ambient bottom water.

291 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The structure-activity relationships and pharmacological properties of the CA-4 derivatives as a class of potent antimitotic anticancer agents are reviewed and discussed.
Abstract: Tubulin protein is a major target for anticancer drug discovery. As a result, antimitotic agents constitute an important class of the current anticancer drugs. Hundreds of tubulin inhibitors, naturally occurring, semisynthetic or synthetic, have been reported. Among these, combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), isolated from a South African tree Combretum caffrum, is one of the most potent antimitotic agents. CA-4 shows strong cytotoxicity against a variety of cancer cells, including multi-drug resistant cancer cell lines. It has also been demonstrated to exert highly selective effects in proliferating endothelial cells. CA-4 disodium phosphate (CA4DP), a water-soluble prodrug of CA-4, shows potent antivascular and antitumor effects in a wide variety of preclinical tumor models. Consequently, a number of CA-4 analogues has been synthesized and evaluated. In this paper, the structure-activity relationships and pharmacological properties of the CA-4 derivatives as a class of potent antimitotic anticancer agents are reviewed and discussed.

291 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Pivotal to projecting the fate of coral reefs is the capacity of reef-building corals to acclimatize and adapt to climate change and the mechanisms that could enable adaptive plasticity in the coral holobiont, including the potential role of epigenetics and coral-associated microbes.
Abstract: Pivotal to projecting the fate of coral reefs is the capacity of reef-building corals to acclimatize and adapt to climate change. Transgenerational plasticity may enable some marine organisms to acclimatize over several generations and it has been hypothesized that epigenetic processes and microbial associations might facilitate adaptive responses. However, current evidence is equivocal and understanding of the underlying processes is limited. Here, we discuss prospects for observing transgenerational plasticity in corals and the mechanisms that could enable adaptive plasticity in the coral holobiont, including the potential role of epigenetics and coral-associated microbes. Well-designed and strictly controlled experiments are needed to distinguish transgenerational plasticity from other forms of plasticity, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and their relative importance compared with genetic adaptation.

290 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured woody plant species richness and diversity in 20 study plots with high geomorphological heterogeneity and 20 plots that had low geo-morphological heterogeneity, and found that the richness of trees and shrubs were significantly higher in sites with high geographic heterogeneity than in sites that exhibited little change in terrain or soil condi- tions.
Abstract: Landscapes composed of spatially heterogeneous abiotic conditions should provide a greater diver- sity of potential niches for plants and animals than do homogeneous landscapes. We tested this hypothesis in a deciduous forest ecosystem in the northeastern United States. We created an index that summarizes the col- lective variation in terrain and soil properties in 2-ha study plots. We measured woody plant species richness and diversity in 20 study plots that had high geomorphological heterogeneity and 20 plots that had low geo- morphological heterogeneity. The richness and diversity of trees and shrubs were significantly higher in sites with high geomorphological heterogeneity than in sites that exhibited little change in terrain or soil condi- tions. Variation in aspect and soil drainage were especially important predictors of biotic diversity. Our re- sults demonstrate an intimate association between abiotic and biotic diversity and have significant implica- tions for long-term conservation strategies.

290 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The pHLIP [pH (low) insertion peptide] was used to target acidic tissue in vivo, including acidic foci in tumors, kidneys, and inflammatory sites as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The pH-selective insertion and folding of a membrane peptide, pHLIP [pH (low) insertion peptide], can be used to target acidic tissue in vivo, including acidic foci in tumors, kidneys, and inflammatory sites. In a mouse breast adenocarcinoma model, fluorescently labeled pHLIP finds solid acidic tumors with high accuracy and accumulates in them even at a very early stage of tumor development. The fluorescence signal is stable for >4 days and is approximately five times higher in tumors than in healthy counterpart tissue. In a rat antigen-induced arthritis model, pHLIP preferentially accumulates in inflammatory foci. pHLIP also maps the renal cortical interstitium; however, kidney accumulation can be reduced significantly by providing mice with bicarbonate-containing drinking water. The peptide has three states: soluble in water, bound to the surface of a membrane, and inserted across the membrane as an α-helix. At physiological pH, the equilibrium is toward water, which explains its low affinity for cells in healthy tissue; at acidic pH, titration of Asp residues shifts the equilibrium toward membrane insertion and tissue accumulation. The replacement of two key Asp residues located in the transmembrane part of pHLIP by Lys or Asn led to the loss of pH-sensitive insertion into membranes of liposomes, red blood cells, and cancer cells in vivo, as well as to the loss of specific accumulation in tumors. pHLIP nanotechnology introduces a new method of detecting, targeting, and possibly treating acidic diseased tissue by using the selective insertion and folding of membrane peptides.

290 citations


Authors

Showing all 11569 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
James M. Tiedje150688102287
Roberto Kolter12031552942
Robert S. Stern12076162834
Michael S. Feld11955251968
William C. Sessa11738352208
Kenneth H. Mayer115135164698
Staffan Kjelleberg11442544414
Kevin C. Jones11474450207
David R. Nelson11061566627
Peter K. Smith10785549174
Peter M. Groffman10645740165
Ming Li103166962672
Victor Nizet10256444193
Anil Kumar99212464825
James O. Prochaska9732073265
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202344
2022161
20211,105
20201,058
2019996
2018888