Institution
University of Rochester
Education•Rochester, New York, United States•
About: University of Rochester is a education organization based out in Rochester, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Laser. The organization has 63915 authors who have published 112762 publications receiving 5484122 citations. The organization is also known as: Rochester University.
Topics: Population, Laser, Poison control, Health care, Large Hadron Collider
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: A set of 72 reference strains of Escherichia coli isolated from a variety of hosts and geographical locations has been established for use in studies of variation and genetic structure in natural populations as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A set of 72 reference strains of Escherichia coli isolated from a variety of hosts and geographical locations has been established for use in studies of variation and genetic structure in natural populations. The strains, which have been characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, are representative of the range of genotypic variation in the species as a whole.
712 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present recent findings from the Study for Future Families, a multicenter pregnancy study in which the human analogue of the phthalate syndrome was first identified.
712 citations
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TL;DR: These findings show that the rostral striatum is in a unique position to mediate different aspects of incentive learning, and areas of convergence may be particularly sensitive to dopamine modulation during decision making and habit formation.
Abstract: The anterior cingulate and orbital cortices and the ventral striatum process different aspects of reward evaluation, whereas the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the dorsal striatum are involved in cognitive function. Collectively, these areas are critical to decision making. We mapped the striatal area that receives information about reward evaluation. We also explored the extent to which terminals from reward-related cortical areas converge in the striatum with those from cognitive regions. Using three-dimensional-rendered reconstructions of corticostriatal projection fields along with two-dimensional chartings, we demonstrate the reward and cognitive territories in the primate striatum and show the convergence between these cortical inputs. The results show two labeling patterns: a focal projection field that consists of densely distributed terminal patches, and a diffuse projection consisting of clusters of fibers, extending throughout a wide area of the striatum. Together, these projection fields demonstrate a remarkably large, rostral, reward-related striatal territory that reaches into the dorsal striatum. Fibers from different reward-processing and cognitive cortical areas occupy both separate and converging territories. Furthermore, the diffuse projection may serve a separate integrative function by broadly disseminating general cortical activity. These findings show that the rostral striatum is in a unique position to mediate different aspects of incentive learning. Furthermore, areas of convergence may be particularly sensitive to dopamine modulation during decision making and habit formation.
711 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors report results from the National Election Studies 1987 pilot study, which included more than thirty-five efficacy and trust items and find that internal efficacy is especially robust; a four- to six-item scale represents a considerable improvement on existing NES measures.
Abstract: Political efficacy and trust—among the most frequently used survey measures of general political attitudes—are often maligned for their lack of reliability and validity. This paper reports results from the National Election Studies 1987 pilot study, which included more than thirty-five efficacy and trust items. Five attitudinal dimensions were hypothesized; four emerged clearly. One scale, internal efficacy, is especially robust; a four- to six-item scale represents a considerable improvement on existing NES measures. External efficacy is distinguished from political trust, at least when the former is measured in terms of the fairness of political procedures and outcomes rather than in terms of elite responsiveness to popular demands. Though less decisive, there also is support for dividing trust into incumbent- and regime-based components. The failure to find a similar incumbent- and regime-based distinction for external efficacy is in accord with theoretical perspectives.
711 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors incorporated test anxiety (TA) construct into the hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation, and found that the positive relationship between performanceapproach goals and exam performance was independent of TA processes.
Abstract: This research was designed to incorporate the test anxiety (TA) construct into the hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation. Hypotheses regarding state and trait TA were tested in 2 studies, and the results provided strong support for the predictions. State TA (specifically, worry) was documented as a mediator of the negative relationship between performance-avoidance goals and exam performance. The positive relationship between performance-approach goals and exam performance was shown to be independent of TA processes. A series of analyses documented the conceptual and functional convergence of trait TA and fear of failure (FOF), and further validation of the proposed integration was obtained by testing trait TA/FOF and state TA together in the same model. Mastery goals were positively and performance-avoidance goals negatively related to long-term retention.
710 citations
Authors
Showing all 64186 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Eugene Braunwald | 230 | 1711 | 264576 |
Cyrus Cooper | 204 | 1869 | 206782 |
Eric J. Topol | 193 | 1373 | 151025 |
Dennis W. Dickson | 191 | 1243 | 148488 |
Scott M. Grundy | 187 | 841 | 231821 |
John C. Morris | 183 | 1441 | 168413 |
Ronald C. Petersen | 178 | 1091 | 153067 |
David R. Williams | 178 | 2034 | 138789 |
John Hardy | 177 | 1178 | 171694 |
Russel J. Reiter | 169 | 1646 | 121010 |
Michael Snyder | 169 | 840 | 130225 |
Jiawei Han | 168 | 1233 | 143427 |
Gang Chen | 167 | 3372 | 149819 |
Marc A. Pfeffer | 166 | 765 | 133043 |
Salvador Moncada | 164 | 495 | 138030 |