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Institution

University of Rochester

EducationRochester, New York, United States
About: University of Rochester is a education organization based out in Rochester, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Laser. The organization has 63915 authors who have published 112762 publications receiving 5484122 citations. The organization is also known as: Rochester University.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Examples of pathogenic relationships are given, focusing on organisms for which many of the facets of their quorum-sensing systems have been elucidated.
Abstract: Bacteria were for a long time believed to exist as individual cells that sought primarily to find nutrients and multiply The discovery of intercellular communication among bacteria has led to the realization that bacteria are capable of coordinated activity that was once believed to be restricted to multicellular organisms The capacity to behave collectively as a group has obvious advantages, for example, the ability to migrate to a more suitable environment/better nutrient supply and to adopt new modes of growth, such as sporulation or biofilm formation, which may afford protection from deleterious environments The “language” used for this intercellular communication is based on small, self-generated signal molecules called autoinducers Through the use of autoinducers, bacteria can regulate their behavior according to population density The phenomenon of quorum sensing, or cell-to-cell communication, relies on the principle that when a single bacterium releases autoinducers (AIs) into the environment, their concentration is too low to be detected However, when sufficient bacteria are present, autoinducer concentrations reach a threshold level that allows the bacteria to sense a critical cell mass and, in response, to activate or repress target genes Most of the bacteria thus far identified that utilize quorum-sensing systems are associated in some way with plants or animals The nature of these relationships can be either amicable, as characterized by symbiotic bacteria, or adversarial, as seen with pathogenic bacteria There are numerous bacteria that have components of a quorum-sensing system for which the phenotype regulated remains an enigma Similarly, there are bacteria known to regulate a specific phenotype via quorum sensing for which one or more of the regulatory components have thus far eluded identification In this review we give examples of pathogenic relationships, focusing on organisms for which many of the facets of their quorum-sensing systems have been elucidated

1,094 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Letter shows that antenna designs can be transferred to the optical frequency regime by replacing lambda by a linearly scaled effective wavelength lambda(eff)=n(1)+n(2) lambda/lambda/lambda(p), with lambda(p) being the plasma wavelength and n(1), n( 2) being coefficients that depend on geometry and material properties.
Abstract: In antenna theory, antenna parameters are directly related to the wavelength lambda of incident radiation, but this scaling fails at optical frequencies where metals behave as strongly coupled plasmas. In this Letter we show that antenna designs can be transferred to the optical frequency regime by replacing lambda by a linearly scaled effective wavelength lambda(eff)=n(1)+n(2)lambda/lambda(p), with lambda(p) being the plasma wavelength and n(1), n(2) being coefficients that depend on geometry and material properties. It is assumed that the antenna is made of linear segments with radii R << lambda. Optical antennas hold great promise for increasing the efficiency of photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, and optical sensors.

1,094 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The kinetic determination of the amount of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase released from lysed target cells was determined to provide a sensitive and precise measure of natural cytotoxicity when used in conjunction with appropriate controls and calculational methods.

1,093 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors found that risk perceptions may differ because certain types of cognitive biases lead individuals to perceive less risk, and suggested that early in the decision process, biases may be beneficial because they lower risk perception, which allows entrepreneurs to generate the commitment needed for success.

1,092 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is a macro theory of human motivation that evolved from research on intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and expanded to include research on work organizations and other domains of life.
Abstract: Self-determination theory (SDT) is a macro theory of human motivation that evolved from research on intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and expanded to include research on work organizations and other domains of life. We discuss SDT research relevant to the workplace, focusing on (a) the distinction between autonomous motivation (i.e., intrinsic motivation and fully internalized extrinsic motivation) and controlled motivation (i.e., externally and internally controlled extrinsic motivation), as well as (b) the postulate that all employees have three basic psychological needs—for competence, autonomy, and relatedness—the satisfaction of which promotes autonomous motivation, high-quality performance, and wellness. Research in work organizations has tended to take the perspectives of either the employees (i.e., their well-being) or the owners (i.e., their profits). SDT provides the concepts that guide the creation of policies, practices, and environments that promote both wellness and high-quality performanc...

1,089 citations


Authors

Showing all 64186 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Eugene Braunwald2301711264576
Cyrus Cooper2041869206782
Eric J. Topol1931373151025
Dennis W. Dickson1911243148488
Scott M. Grundy187841231821
John C. Morris1831441168413
Ronald C. Petersen1781091153067
David R. Williams1782034138789
John Hardy1771178171694
Russel J. Reiter1691646121010
Michael Snyder169840130225
Jiawei Han1681233143427
Gang Chen1673372149819
Marc A. Pfeffer166765133043
Salvador Moncada164495138030
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023101
2022383
20213,841
20203,895
20193,699
20183,541