Showing papers by "University of Salford published in 1977"
789 citations
287 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of different flow patterns on the front and base pressures of two cylinders arranged side-by-side to the approaching flow and found that the biased flow was bistable causing a change over at irregular intervals.
218 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the tribological behavior of soft metallic films on hard substrates is investigated and it is shown that the adhesion of the film to the substrate is a critical factor determining the life of the ion-plated films.
103 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the mathematical treatment of the development of surface topography of amorphous materials bombarded by an energetic beam of particles is presented, where the relevant analytical equations are presented and extended to include surface diffusion.
Abstract: A review is presented of the mathematical treatment of the development of surface topography of amorphous materials bombarded by an energetic beam of particles. In the first section the relevant analytical equations are presented and extended to include surface diffusion. In general the complete analytical approach is shown to be intractable, but in the second section some of the equations are adapted to suit computer programmes which allow calculation of the development of a surface contour provided the original contour and the functional relationship between sputtering coefficient and angle (S(θ)) are specified. Finally, geometrical construction techniques, which allow the topographical development to be predicted, are discussed and a new cursor, which evolves from the appropriate S,θ relationship, is shown to be significantly simpler to use than the erosion slowness curve when making a geometrical construction of the evolving surface.
99 citations
TL;DR: Urinary radioactivity derived from the intravenous dose of vitamin D3 was significantly greater in patients than in controls and was positively correlated with the serum-bilirubin concentration.
96 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the force field governing the in-plane vibrations of pyridine was determined using a revised frequency assignment, and subsequently applied to Pyridine-metal complexes.
82 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the long term behavior of epoxy resins subjected to high alternating electrical stress was studied using optical magnifications of up to 1500, a scanning electron microscope, and a high sensitivity discharge detector.
Abstract: The long term behaviour of epoxy resin subjected to high alternating electrical stress was studied using optical magnifications of up to 1500, a scanning electron microscope, and a high sensitivity discharge detector. The formation of voids in initially void-free specimens was investigated when voltages of duration between ten seconds and several thousand hours were applied using a pin-plane configuration. Defects in epoxy resins, mechanisms of their electrical aging, and their long term dielectric strength are discussed in relation to the phenomenon of void growth.
78 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide quantitative information on the drag coefficients for isolated gas bubbles moving in the low and high Reynolds number region and bubble shapes and velocity transition and discontinuity in non-Newtonian media.
75 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the apparent viscosities of dilute solutions of guar and locust bean gums have been measured, and the intrinsic viscosity of the gum solution is decreased but the interaction coefficient is increased.
Abstract: The apparent viscosities of dilute solutions of guar and locust bean gums have been measured. The intrinsic viscosity [n] of guar gum solution is greater than that of locust bean gum solution, but the interaction coefficient k of guar gum solutions is less than that of locust bean gum. Addition of glucose, sucrose, or glucose syrup increases the apparent viscosity of the gum solution. The intrinsic viscosity of the gum solution is decreased but the interaction coefficient is increased.
69 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the spin wave dispersion relations along three principal directions were systematically explored across the whole magnetic Brillouin zone at 4 K, and the results were analyzed using the Heisenberg Hamiltonian with long range magnetic interactions.
Abstract: The spin waves in a Heusler alloy Cu 2 MnAl were investigated at several temperatures by neutron inelastic scattering. The spin wave dispersion relations along three principal directions were systematically explored across the whole magnetic Brillouin zone at 4 K. The results were analysed using the Heisenberg Hamiltonian with long range magnetic interactions. At T =493 K ( T / T c =0.78), the renormalization of the spin wave energy at large momentum transfer regions was found to be very small. This result is interpreted in terms of the temperature dependence of the s - d interaction at large distances.
TL;DR: In this article, the variation with frequency of the electric polarizability of the itinerant oscillator model of polar liquids is calculated by means of the Langevin equion and linear response theory and full account is taken of inertial effects throughout.
Abstract: The variation with frequency of the electric polarizability of the itinerant oscillator model of polar liquids is calculated. The calculation is effected by means of the Langevin equ ation and linear response theory and full account is taken of inertial effects throughout. The results are qualitatively in accorda,nce with experiment and show how the microwave Debye absorption pea,k: and the terahertz resonance absorption peak may be linked analytica,lly by means of a model based on the classical theory of the Brownian movement in the presence of an external force.
TL;DR: In this article, the fluorescence and phosphorescence excitation and emission spectra of commercial polypropylene have been examined using a fully compensated spectrofluorometer, which has made possible the comparison of the excitation spectra with model chromophores of those believed to be present in the polymer.
Abstract: The fluorescence and phosphorescence excitation and emission spectra of commercial polypropylene have been examined using a fully compensated spectrofluorometer. This has made possible the comparison of the excitation spectra of the polymer with model chromophores of those believed to be present in the polymer. The fluorescence emission is primarily associated with the presence of enone, and the phosphorescence with dienone chromophoric units. The behavior of the luminescent enones and dienones during irradiation under sunlight-simulated conditions has also been examined. Possible mechanisms for the participation of these chromophoric units in the photo-oxidation of polypropylene are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the onset and development of wear in plain hydrodynamic journal bearings under repeated cycles of starting and stopping has been studied experimentally and it was found that the wear caused easily discernable but localized changes in diametral clearance, surface finish, and roundness of the bearing's bore.
Abstract: The onset and development of wear in plain hydrodynamic journal bearings under repeated cycles of starting and stopping has been studied experimentally. The wear which occurred caused easily discernable but localized changes in diametral clearance, surface finish, and roundness of the bearing's bore and these changes were measured after various numbers of operating cycles had been completed. Study of the location, within the bearings of the wear which arose, showed that it was caused entirely by the sliding which occurred during starting and that no significant contribution to the wearing process was made during stopping. It was also observed that, once an initial rapid phase of wearing was completed, the surface finish of the hardened steel shaft was reproduced in the regions of the bearing's surface which continued to be worn.
TL;DR: In this article, magnetic properties of the two series of alloys Pd2MnIn1−xSnx and Pd 2MnSn 1−xSbx were investigated.
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of current activity in the field of magnetic separation is reviewed in fundamental terms and a diverse subject matter is ordered into four main groupings whose characteristics are described in terms of numerous devices, both of present-day and historical significance.
Abstract: Current activity in the field of magnetic separation is reviewed in fundamental terms. The diverse subject matter is ordered into four main groupings whose characteristics are described in terms of numerous devices, both of present-day and historical significance. Existing as well as potential areas of scientific and commercial operation are discussed. The basic principles of recent major developments in high intensity magnetic Separation are closely examined.
TL;DR: In this article, the band gap of CuInTe 2 was determined with the aid of electroreflectance measurements and the single crystal samples were produced by a zone growth technique and exhibited p-type electrical characteristics.
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrical conductivity, Hall voltage and thermoelectric power of thin vacuum-deposited tellurium films were measured, whose thickness varied in the range 1100-9000 A, with crystallographic defects providing additional acceptor centres.
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of the intensity of trampling on the soils and the vegetation on three transects which reached from the bank of the River Thames, across a footpath and into a grazed water meadow was presented.
TL;DR: In this article, the luminescence properties of two low-density polyethylene samples were examined, one prepared using oxygen and the other using a benzoyl-based initiator as catalysts.
Abstract: The luminescence properties of two low-density polyethylene samples are examined, one prepared using oxygen and the other using a benzoyl-based initiator as catalysts. The fluorescence emission from both samples is assigned to the presence of an impurity, α,β-unsaturated carbonyl of the enone type. The phosphorescence emissions, on the other hand, are different. The phosphorescence emission from the sample prepared using oxygen as an initiator is assigned to the presence of a dienone impurity chromophore, whereas the emission from the sample prepared using a benzoyl-based initiator is assigned to benzoic acid residues.
TL;DR: In this paper, the atomic arrangement at short range in thin, vapour quenched films of some Gd-Co and Ho-Co alloys is discussed in terms of the radial distribution function obtained by transforming the experimental interference function.
Abstract: The structure of thin, vapour quenched films of some Gd-Co and Ho-Co alloys has been investigated by electron diffraction. The atomic arrangement at short range in these films is discussed in terms of the radial distribution function obtained by transforming the experimental interference function. The findings are compared with published data from X-ray diffraction studies of similar alloys. At the same time attempts to explain the structure in terms of some common microcrystalline structures are shown to be fruitless. It is concluded that the films are amorphous and that in further attempts to explain their structure other models of atomic packing such as the dense random packing of hard spheres should be considered.
TL;DR: In this article, a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of an output-feedback matrix K corresponding to a prescribed statefeedback matrices P is established which also leads directly to the matrix K in cases when the condition is satisfied.
Abstract: The assignment of arbitrary cloacd-loop eigenvalue spectra by output feedback is investigated in the special ease of systems for which the set of state-feedback matrices P which yield a desired closed-loop eigenvalue spectrum is finite and can be readily generated. In particular, a simple necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of an output-feedback matrix K corresponding to a prescribed state-feedback matrix P is established which also leads directly to the matrix K in cases when the condition is satisfied. The condition derived in this paper requires neither the computation of generalized inverse matrices (Munro and Vardulakis 1973), nor the transformation of state vectors (Patel 1974), nor the determination of Luenberger canonical forms (Vardulakis 1976), and indicates very clearly that an output-feedback matrix K corresponding to a prescribed state-feedback matrix P exists only in very special circumstances.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived expressions for the energy distribution of ions in a glow discharge and discussed the mechanism of adhesion in the light of these results, which indicated that in ion plating, the majority of the depositing particles arrive at the substrate with energies of the order of 100 eV.
Abstract: Expressions for the energy distribution of ions in a glow discharge first derived by Davis and Vanderslice are related to the ion plating process and used to derive expressions for the energy distributions of the neutral atoms. These expressions indicate that in ion plating, the majority of the depositing particles arrive at the substrate with energies of the order of 100 eV. The mechanism of adhesion is discussed in the light of these results.
TL;DR: In this article, the use of squalane as a standard stationary phase in gas-liquid chromatography was suggested, and a preliminary clean-up step was suggested where the Squalane, in a paraffin solvent, is passed successively through columns of activated carbon and alumina.
TL;DR: In this paper, a solid solution of aluminium in titanium together with TiAl 3 has been used for preventing seizure and corrosion in aircraft fasteners, and the combination of increased hardness and modified structure results in low friction coefficients and wear rates, and ion-plated aluminium film provides excellent corrosion resistance.
TL;DR: In this paper, a revised vibrational assignment was made for the monomers of maleimide and N-deuterated maleimides, while the assignment for the dimers was mainly in agreement with previous work.
TL;DR: In this article, a method for elimination of ohmic error in high-resistance cells is described, which employs a programmable calculator or a minicomputer, by interpreting the deviations from the log-rate law, values of internal resistance may be determined with some precision.