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Showing papers by "University of Salford published in 1990"


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1990-Gut
TL;DR: It is concluded that seasonal factors may contribute to both onset and relapse of ulcerative colitis.
Abstract: To determine the factors responsible for ulcerative colitis relapse a cohort of 92 patients (18 to 78 years, 50 men) with clinically inactive disease have been followed for over 48 weeks. At 12 weekly intervals patients were asked, by means of standardised questionnaires, about infections, compliance with maintenance medication, new drug treatment, dietary changes, episodes of non-bloody diarrhoea, life stresses, and feelings of anxiety and depression. Thirty five patients (38%) relapsed (median interval 17 weeks, range three to 46 weeks). Patients who relapsed had a higher previous relapse rate than non-relapsers (p less than 0.001) and a shorter time from previous relapse to trial entry (p less than 0.05). Other clinical characteristics were equally matched in the two groups. Between and within group comparisons revealed that upper respiratory tract symptoms, antibiotic ingestion, analgesic intake, diarrhoeal episodes and stressful life events were no more common in the four weeks before relapse than before routine attendance. Anxiety and depression ratings were also similar in the two groups. The timing of ulcerative colitis relapse showed a clear seasonal pattern with 26 patients relapsing from August to January and only nine from January to July (p less than 0.001). In addition, a retrospective case note analysis revealed significant seasonality of onset of ulcerative colitis. We conclude that seasonal factors may contribute to both onset and relapse of ulcerative colitis.

171 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the variation of mean and fluctuating lift and drag coefficients, friction and pressure coefficients are compiled in the range 10 0 8 for the disturbance-free flow, and the concept of possible inversion of influencing to governing parameters is applied to rough cylinders and turbulent flow.

145 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Wu Jian1
TL;DR: In this article, the second-order coherent properties of Gaussian-Schell beams propagating through turbulent media as described by the Kolmogorov turbulence model are studied and some theoretical results are presented.
Abstract: The second-order coherent properties of Gaussian-Schell beams propagating through turbulent media as described by the Kolmogorov turbulence model are studied and some theoretical results are presented in this paper.

136 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present report is the third and largest such study, contrasting 98 patients with anorexic and bulimic eating disorders and 242 comparison subjects, and finding that eating-disordered patients recalled that both parents were lower in perceived care/warmth and that their fathers (but not their mothers) were more overprotective.
Abstract: Many clinicians have theorized about the role of family dynamics in the development of eating disorders (e.g., Minuchin, Rosman & Baker, 1978; Palazzoli, 1974). On the same theme, in recent years, a major research study has produced unequivocal evidence for the therapeutic value of family therapy, at least with the younger client (Russell, Szmukler, Dare & Eisler, 1987). However, there are still relatively few data on the nature of family interaction patterns in patients with an eating disorder. To date, there have been two reports on the use of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) (Parker, Tupling & Brown, 1979) with this clinical population. The present report is the third and largest such study, contrasting 98 patients with anorexic and bulimic eating disorders and 242 comparison subjects. In line with the two previous studies, eating-disordered patients recalled that both parents were lower in perceived care/warmth and, in line with the second study, they recalled that their fathers (but not their mothers) were more overprotective. The latter finding appears an intriguing one and requires further exploration.

134 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1990-Gut
TL;DR: In intestinal giardiasis, some individuals may be apparently unaffected while others develop a characteristic type I lesion: only rarely is the 'flat' type 3 lesion evident.
Abstract: Clinical Sciences Building, Hope Hospital, Eccles Old Road, Salford M6 8HD Michael Marsh Reader in Medicine University of Manchester I had been struck by Booth's chapter in the first series volume of Recent advances in gastroenterology, entitled Physiopathology of intestinal malabsorption,' in which he focussed on the striking differences between 'flat' and 'convoluted' coeliac mucosae as had been recently revealed through the 'dissecting' microscope. Importantly, the question arose as to whether each type of surface structure could be inter-related and hence part of the same pathological process. What was needed was some other technique endowed with high resolving power to show that these stages were distinctive, yet progressive, phases in the natural evolution of the coeliac lesion. Fortunately, the necessary technique for tackling this problem came with the introduction of the first commercial scanning electron microscope by Cambridge (Scientific) Instruments.2 The rest was easy. Nevertheless, at the time, I had no premonition that within a few years I should be asked by the editors to contribute,3 in the second volume of Recent advances, some of the findings that had arisen from my research with Chris (Fig 1). Despite such successes, particularly at a time when the scanning electron microscope had hardly realised its full potential

130 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrical properties and the elemental composition of as-grown CuInSe2 single crystals are measured and compared with the predictions of an intrinsic defect chemistry model, and it is found that the validity range of the intrinsic defect model is limited to small deviations from the ideal stoichiometry of the compound.

127 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
V.W. Pentreath1, Karen Rees1, O. A. Owolabi1, K. A. Philip1, F. Doua 
TL;DR: Levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and prostaglandins D2 and E2 (PGE2) and PGD2 levels in CSF were measured to elucidate the changes induced by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the central nervous system in advanced sleeping sickness patients.
Abstract: To help to elucidate the changes induced by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the central nervous system (CNS) in advanced sleeping sickness patients, levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and prostaglandins D2 (PGD2) and E2 (PGE2) were measured by radioimmunoassay in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 24 patients diagnosed on the criteria of CSF protein, leucocyte count and parasite presence as having CNS (i.e. late stage) involvement, and from 12 patients without CNS involvement. PGD2 concentrations were selectively and markedly elevated in the late stage patients. The increased PGD2 may in part account for the increased somnolence and the immunosuppression within the CNS. Measurement of PGD2 levels in CSF may be a useful criterion for CNS involvement.

113 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the presence of phthalate esters using computer assisted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was found at 0.4-33.5 μg l−1.

106 citations


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: This chapter presents and compares the enzyme profiles of a large number of trypanosome populations from many countries using thin-layer starch gel electrophoresis to construct a phylogenetic tree or a cladogram of developmental pathways that involved the minimal amount of genetic alteration.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter presents and compares the enzyme profiles of a large number of trypanosome populations from many countries. The results were obtained using thin-layer starch gel electrophoresis under similar conditions with the same range of enzymes. After electrophoresis and staining, each enzyme gave a pattern, consisting of one or several isoenzyme bands. In a trypanosome population, the combination of patterns for 11 enzymes is the “enzyme profile;” populations with the same profile belong to the same “zymodeme (Z).” The dendrogram for Trypanozoon was constructed by using Ward's method. The profile for each zymodeme is regarded as an operational taxonomic unit (OTU). Dissimilarities between all possible pairs of OTUs are calculated as Euclidean distances, which are the sums of the squared character differences. Only consistent isoenzyme bands are used. With the same raw data used for the dendrogram, the computer is used to construct a phylogenetic tree or a cladogram of developmental pathways that involved the minimal amount of genetic alteration. The dissimilarity between two zymodemes is the “patristic distance (PD)” between them through the cladogram. When constructing the initial cladogram, the characters, or bands, are weighted by using an iterative technique.

105 citations


Journal ArticleDOI

95 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper investigated the factor analytic properties of Rubin and Peplau's (1975) Just World Scale and a questionnaire of possible causes of Third World poverty and found that only the "Pro Just World" factor was significantly correlated with blaming the poor.
Abstract: This study investigated the factor analytic properties of Rubin and Peplau’s (1975) Just World Scale and a questionnaire of possible causes of Third World poverty. Three Just World factors emerged in contrast to Hyland and Dann’s (1987) four-factor solution. They were interpreted as “Pro Just World”, “Anti Just World” and “Cynical or Reserved Just World Belief”. Four poverty factors emerged, interpreted as “Blame the Poor”, “Blame Third World Governments”, “Blame Nature” and “Blame Exploitation”. The most important finding to emerge was that only the “Pro Just World” factor and significantly correlated with blaming the poor. Blaming the poor was significantly correlated with blaming Third World governments.

Journal ArticleDOI
10 Nov 1990-BMJ
TL;DR: An aggressive, integrated, interdisciplinary approach to trauma care by an experienced team that has immediate access to operating theatres and intensive care facilities is emphasised and recommendations can be expected to incur appreciable additional costs.
Abstract: Cost-benefit analysis of trauma care Input Anatomical injury Physiological derangement Treatment Variations in the system of care Variations in patient care Output Survival: alive or dead? Disability: temporary or permanent? Neurological? Musculoskeletal? Visceral? Previous articles in this series have emphasised the importance of an aggressive, integrated, interdisciplinary approach to trauma care by an experienced team that has immediate access to operating theatres and intensive care facilities Many of the recommendations can be expected to incur appreciable additional costs Will this money be well spent? Which changes are most effective in improving patient care and are there any which produce unexpected delays or complications? To answer these questions about a system which has to respond to patients with an almost infinite constellation of injuries is a major challenge in clinical measurement and audit Clearly, statistical analysis must replace anecdote and dogma, but the complexity of the task should not be underestimated The effects of injury may be defined in terms of input?an anatomical component and the physiological response?and output?mortality and morbidity These must be coded numerically before we can comment with confidence on treatment Elderly people and young children survive trauma less well than others, so age must be taken into account The mechanism of injury is also important: the effect of a blunt impact from a fall or a car crash is quite different from that of a stab or gunshot wound Most recent work has been concerned with the measurement of injury severity and its relation to mortality The assessment of morbidity has been largely neglected, yet there are two seriously impaired survivors for every person who dies owing to trauma

Journal ArticleDOI
Abstract: Experiments are reported on the variations in moisture absorption properties of an epoxy resin produced by sudden changes in temperature. Where the temperature change occurred when only a little water had been absorbed, the change in moisture absorption was determined by the change in diffusivity. Where a temperature change occurred when near saturation, a reverse thermal effect was observed. An attempt has been made to understand the results in terms of thermodynamics. Results obtained for the swelling changes accompanying sudden changes in moisture content suggest that it is the more tightly bound water in the polymer which takes part in the reverse thermal effect.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 1990-Polymer
TL;DR: In this paper, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone with methyl methacrylate was copolymerized to high conversion in both the presence and absence of ethyleneglycol dimethacrylated.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1990-Planta
TL;DR: In a system lacking a cell wall — tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) protoplasts — conjugates of widely differing size are able to induce membrane hyperpolarization and indicate that auxin receptors are exposed at the exterior face of the plasma membrane.
Abstract: Protein conjugates of 5-aminonaphthalene-1-acetic acid and of 5-azido-naphthalene-1-acetic acid have been prepared and evaluated for auxin activity in two types of assay. In standard elongation tests with pea (Pisum sativum L.) epicotyl sections the conjugates are inactive. However, if the epicotyls are abraded to perforate the cuticle, auxin activity is observed provided that the conjugates are not too large to traverse the cell wall. In a system lacking a cell wall — tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) protoplasts — conjugates of widely differing size are able to induce membrane hyperpolarization. These results support other recent evidence that auxin receptors are exposed at the exterior face of the plasma membrane and indicate that auxins can produce both rapid and longer-term responses without entering the cell.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using the methods of system dynamics, a model of the spread of AIDS in the UK homosexual population has been developed and possesses the capability to capture complex virological and behavioural features of the epidemic whilst portraying the consequences in an easily digested graphical form.
Abstract: As part of the worldwide effort involved in modelling the spread of AIDS, nothing has been heard from the operational research community. Yet OR, with its client-oriented modelling philosophy, patently has a role to play in assisting clinicians, epidemiologists and health planners to obtain greater understanding of this staggering threat to public health. Using the methods of system dynamics, a model of the spread of AIDS in the UK homosexual population has been developed. It is implemented on a personal computer, and possesses the capability to capture complex virological and behavioural features of the epidemic whilst portraying the consequences in an easily digested graphical form. Some examples of these results are presented. The model's structure and parameters are also fully described, together with sensitivity tests on the crucial incubation time distribution.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Routine patellar resurfacing proved highly successful with minimal complications and the importance of careful attention to preparation of the patella, the technique of prosthetic implantation and correct patellAR tracking was emphasized.
Abstract: One hundred thirty-two total condylar knee arthroplasties with a 3-8-year follow-up period were studied prospectively with particular reference to the patellofemoral joint. All patients had significant patellofemoral disease and underwent primary patellar resurfacing. After operation 96% of patients had little or no pain and 98% had functional improvement. There were seven (5%) complications related to the patellofemoral joint. The importance of careful attention to preparation of the patella, the technique of prosthetic implantation and correct patellar tracking were emphasized. Routine patellar resurfacing proved highly successful with minimal complications.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A monoclonal antibody has been used in a sensitive radioimmunoassay that measures 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (ercalcitriol) and 1, 25-dhydroxy vitamin D3 (calcitriols) with equal potency, which has particular application in patients treated with vitamin D2 since it can now be measured accurately in the presence of 1-25- dihydroxv vitamin D3.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Rectal gluten challenge is a simple, safe, and reliable test of gluten sensitivity, both as a screening test for untreated coeliac disease and as a confirmatory test in patients with treated coeliat disease.

Journal ArticleDOI
06 Jan 1990-BMJ
TL;DR: The evidence suggests that prophylactic antibiotics have an important place in preventing infection after caesarean section, Nevertheless, every effort must be made to avoid unnecessary operations and to ensure optimum surgical technique.
Abstract: introducing measures to control infection that are either ineffective or used inefficiently. 7 Although antibiotic prophylaxis for caesarean section reduces the risk of infection,8 savings to the hospital or benefits to the patient have not been fully measured. The evidence suggests that prophylactic antibiotics have an important place in preventing infection after caesarean section. Nevertheless, every effort must be made to avoid unnecessary operations and to ensure optimum surgical technique. Further studies are required to define which patients are most suitable for prophylaxis, the best choice of antibiotics, the optimum dosage regimen, and the potential risks of resistant organisms.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of the infrared and Raman spectra were reported for ammonia trapped in argon and nitrogen matrices over a range of concentrations, and it was shown that the ammonia dimer has an open chain structure of the type H 3 N⋯HNH 2 (though not necessarily the classical linear structure).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of the radiation damage and gas build-up effects associated with low energy (60 −510 eV) Ar+ bombardment of Si(001) was carried out using mass-analysed monoenergetic Ar+ beams in conjuction with in situ high depth resolution (~ 3 A) medium energy ion scattering (MEIS).


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Transdermal E2 combined with vaginal progesterone is a highly satisfactory combination for establishing a physiological endometrium in women with premature ovarian failure.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, mathematical models have been developed for the separation of gas mixtures involving three or more permeable components and the effects of operating variables such as the pressure ratio across the membrane, the stage cut and the flow patterns in the permeator on the extent of separation have been discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a conceptually meaningful definition of local autonomy is constructed and then used to define local autonomy, which is a common term in urban politics, but it has a variety of meanings, some quite ambiguous.
Abstract: Local autonomy is a common term in urban politics, but it has a variety of meanings, some quite ambiguous. A conceptually meaningful definition of local autonomy is constructed and then used to com...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicate that both males and females of P. p.
Abstract: Phlebotomus perfiliewi perfiliewi Parrott and Phlebotomus perniciosus Newstead (Diptera: Psychodidae,) known vectors of Leishmania infantum were caught in light traps in five different sites in Italy. Sandflies were cryopreserved and transported to the laboratory where they were thawed and aqueous extracts of the crushed flies were analysed for their carbohydrate content using high performance liquid chromatography. Several sugars were detected, including significant amounts of the trisaccharide melezitose, known to be available as a natural source from aphid or coccid honeydew. There was no difference between the analyses of sugar meals of P. p. perfiliewi from different sites within its range, or between P. p. perfiliewi and P. perniciosus. The results indicate that both males and females of P. p. perfiliewi and P. perniciosus feed on honeydew.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that a single sex-linked gene model can be fitted to most recently published data for salivary gland infection rates in tsetse, and the maturation of Trypanosoma congolense infections is shown to be independent of fly sex.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Etude d'ondes magnetodynamiques non lineaires sur des materiaux magnetiques se propageant parallelement a l'interface entre un substrat lineaire ferromagnetique and un revetement magnetique fortement non lineaire.
Abstract: A study of nonlinear magnetodynamic waves on magnetic materials is presented. Attention is restricted to an exact theory of electromagnetic waves propagating along the single interface between a linear substrate consisting of a ferromagnetic and a strongly nonlinear magnetic cladding. It is assumed that the cladding consists of an artificial paramagnetic material and that only third-order nonlinearity is operating. It is shown that both TM and TE waves can propagate, with or without a linear limit. Nonreciprocity is found to be strong only in the cases that have linear limits, but the power dependence of this nonreciprocal behavior is quite dramatic and should lead to some applications. Many numerical examples are presented, supported by a detailed mathematical analysis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Methyl 5S -benzoyloxy)-6-oxohexanoate 2, an intermediate in synthetic routes to the lipoxygenase-derived arachidonic acid metabolite leukotriene B 4, is available in three steps from 2-cyclohexen-1-one, using Schreiber's unsymmetrical ozonolysis protocol as discussed by the authors.