University of Salford

About: University of Salford is a education organization based out in Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 13049 authors who have published 22957 publications receiving 537330 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Salford Manchester & The University of Salford Manchester.

Page Segmentation Competition

Abstract: This paper continues the authors' attempt to address the need for objective comparative evaluation of layout analysis methods in realistic circumstances. It describes the Page Segmentation Competition (modus operandi, dataset and evaluation criteria) held in the context of ICDAR2007 and presents the results of the evaluation of three candidate methods. The main objective of the competition was to compare the performance of such methods using scanned documents from commonly-occurring publications. The results indicate that although methods continue to mature, there is still a considerable need to develop robust methods that deal with everyday documents.

Feeding behaviour of tsetse flies infected with salivarian trypanosomes

Abstract: Although much is known about factors which determine infection rates of salivarian trypanosomes (subgenera Nannomonas, Duttonella and Trypanozoon) in the tsetse fly Glossina1,2, it is not clear why infection rates of Trypanozoon are high in mammalian hosts but low in wild-caught Glossina3,4 and why trypanosomiasis occurs where Glossina is not readily detectable. We report here that the feeding behaviour of trypanosome-infected Glossina differed from that of uninfected control flies. Infected flies probed more frequently and fed more voraciously. We describe a specific relationship between trypanosomes and the mechanoreceptors responsible for detecting the rate of blood flow5–7, and show how infection affects that rate in the labrum. We suggest that the observed differences in feeding behaviour result from impaired function of the labral mechanoreceptors in infected Glossina.

Polyols in confectionery: the route to sugar-free, reduced sugar and reduced calorie confectionery

Abstract: Polyol-containing confectionery offers considerable advantages over traditional sucrose-based confectionery in terms of reduced energy content and reduced cariogenicity. However, over-consumption of polyol confectionery may lead to gastrointestinal symptoms in some individuals. Rather than consider this as a distinct disadvantage to the consumer, this article discusses how careful consideration of the physico-chemical properties of polyols and advances in product development and formulation can provide suitable polyol-based products for the consumer. Furthermore. food legislation and ingredient pricing issues are just some of the factors that must be taken into account when designing new polyol-containing products if their functional benefits and good product quality are to be delivered to the consumer.

Mechanical Determinants of Faster Change of Direction Speed Performance in Male Athletes.

Abstract: Dos'Santos, T, Thomas, C, Jones, PA, and Comfort, P. Mechanical determinants of faster change of direction speed performance in male athletes. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 696-705, 2017-Mechanical variables during change of directions, for example, braking and propulsive forces, impulses, and ground contact times (GCT) have been identified as determinants of faster change of direction speed (CODS) performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical determinants of 180° CODS performance with mechanical characteristic comparisons between faster and slower performers; while exploring the role of the penultimate foot contact (PEN) during the change of direction. Forty multidirectional male athletes performed 6 modified 505 (mod505) trials (3 left and right), and ground reaction forces were collected across the PEN and final foot contact (FINAL) during the change of direction. Pearson's correlation coefficients and coefficients of determination were used to explore the relationship between mechanical variables and mod505 completion time. Independent T-tests and Cohen's d effect sizes (ES) were conducted between faster (n = 10) and slower (n = 10) mod505 performers to explore differences in mechanical variables. Faster CODS performance was associated (p ≤ 0.05) with shorter GCTs (r = 0.701-0.757), greater horizontal propulsive forces (HPF) (r = -0.572 to -0.611), greater horizontal braking forces (HBF) in the PEN (r = -0.337), lower HBF ratios (r = -0.429), and lower FINAL vertical impact forces (VIF) (r = 0.449-0.559). Faster athletes demonstrated significantly (p ≤ 0.05, ES = 1.08-2.54) shorter FINAL GCTs, produced lower VIF, lower HBF ratios, and greater HPF in comparison to slower athletes. These findings suggest that different mechanical properties are required to produce faster CODS performance, with differences in mechanical properties observed between fast and slower performers. Furthermore, applying a greater proportion of braking force during the PEN relative to the FINAL may be advantageous for turning performance.