University of Salford

About: University of Salford is a education organization based out in Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 13049 authors who have published 22957 publications receiving 537330 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Salford Manchester & The University of Salford Manchester.

Multiple Testing Problems in Pharmaceutical Statistics

Abstract: Multiplicity Problems in Clinical Trials: A Regulatory Perspective, Mohammad Huque and Joachim Rohmel Introduction Common multiplicity problems in clinical trials Reducing multiplicity in clinical trials Multiplicity concerns in special situations Multiplicity in the analysis of safety endpoints Concluding remarks Multiple Testing Methodology, Alex Dmitrienko, Frank Bretz, Peter H. Westfall, James Troendle, Brian L. Wiens, Ajit C. Tamhane, and Jason C. Hsu Introduction Error rate definitions Multiple testing principles Adjusted significance levels, p-values, and confidence intervals Common multiple testing procedures Multiple testing procedures based on univariate p-values Parametric multiple testing procedures Resampling-based multiple testing procedures Software implementation Multiple Testing in Dose Response Problems, Frank Bretz, Ajit C. Tamhane, and Jose Pinheiro Introduction Dose response trend tests Target dose estimation using multiple hypothesis testing Power and sample size calculation for target dose estimation Hybrid approaches combining multiple testing and modeling Analysis of Multiple Endpoints in Clinical Trials, Ajit C. Tamhane and Alex Dmitrienko Introduction Inferential goals At-least-one procedures Global testing procedures All-or-none procedures Superiority-noninferiority procedures Software implementation Gatekeeping Procedures in Clinical Trials, Alex Dmitrienko and Ajit C. Tamhane Introduction Motivating examples Serial gatekeeping procedures Parallel gatekeeping procedures Tree gatekeeping procedures Software implementation Adaptive Designs and Confirmatory Hypothesis Testing, Willi Maurer, Michael Branson, and Martin Posch Introduction Basic principles and methods of error rate control Principles of adaptive testing procedures Adaptive multiple testing procedures Case studies Discussion Design and Analysis of Microarray Experiments for Pharmacogenomics, Jason C. Hsu, Youlan Rao, Yoonkyung Lee, Jane Chang, Kristin Bergsteinsdottir, Magnus Karl Magnusson, Tao Wang, and Eirikur Steingrimsson Potential uses of biomarkers Clinical uses of genetic profiling Two stages of pharmacogenomic development Multiplicity in pharmacogenomics Designing pharmacogenomic studies Analyzing microarray data by modeling A proof of concept experiment Software implementation Bibliography

Psychosocial risk markers for new onset irritable bowel syndrome - Results of a large prospective population-based study

Abstract: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects up to 22% of the general population. Its aetiology remains unclear. Previously reported cross-sectional associations with psychological distress and depression are not fully understood. We hypothesised that psychosocial factors, particularly those associated with somatisation, would act as risk markers for the onset of IBS. We conducted a community-based prospective study of subjects, aged 25-65 years, randomly selected from the registers of three primary care practices. Responses to a detailed questionnaire allowed subjects' IBS status to be classified using a modified version of the Rome II criteria. The questionnaire also included validated psychosocial instruments. Subjects free of IBS at baseline and eligible for follow-up 15 months later formed the cohort for this analysis (n=3732). An adjusted participation rate of 71% (n=2456) was achieved at follow-up. 3.5% (n=86) of subjects developed IBS. After adjustment for age, gender and baseline abdominal pain status, high levels of illness behaviour (odds ratio (OR)=5.2; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.5-11.0), anxiety (OR=2.0; 95% CI 0.98-4.1), sleep problems (OR=1.6; 95% CI 0.8-3.2), and somatic symptoms (OR=1.6; 95% CI 0.8-2.9) were found to be independent predictors of IBS onset. This study has demonstrated that psychosocial factors indicative of the process of somatisation are independent risk markers for the development of IBS in a group of subjects previously free of IBS. Similar relationships are observed in other "functional" disorders, further supporting the hypothesis that they have similar aetiologies.