Showing papers by "University of São Paulo published in 1970"

Mechanisms of histamine release by compound 48/80

Abstract: 1. Rat and guinea-pig lung tissues were incubated for 20 min at 37° C in Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer at pH 7·4, or in Tyrode-Tris buffer at pH 8·2, and the release of histamine produced by adding different concentrations of compound 48/80 to the incubation medium was determined. 2. At pH 7·4, increasing concentrations of 48/80 increased the release of histamine from the rat lung, with a tendency towards a maximum. No release of histamine from guinea-pig lung was observed at this pH. At pH 8·2, histamine release occurred both from rat and guinea-pig lung, and was proportional to the logarithm of the concentration of compound 48/80. 3. Histamine release from rat lung by 20 μg/ml. of 48/80 decreased when the pH was raised from 7·4 to 8·2; but the release caused by 1 mg/ml. of 48/80 increased both in rat and guinea-pig lung as the pH was raised. 4. 2-4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) inhibited the release of histamine from rat lung by a concentration of 20 μg/ml. of 48/80; the inhibition was prevented by glucose. DNP did not affect histamine release from rat or guinea-pig lung by a concentration of 1 mg/ml. of 48/80 and enhanced the release when the pH was raised from 7·4 to 8·2. 5. 1 mg/ml. of 48/80 did not inhibit the enhanced oxygen consumption produced by DNP in the isolated rat diaphragm. 6. Iodoacetic acid (IAA) or a Ca/Mg-free medium inhibited the release of histamine by 20 μg/ml. of 48/80 from rat lung but not the release produced by 1 mg/ml. in either rat or guinea-pig lung. 7. The degranulation of rat mesentery mast cells caused by 20 μg/ml. of compound 48/80 was inhibited by DNP. The degranulation evoked by 1 mg/ml. of 48/80 was also sensitive to this inhibitor; in this instance, however, the metachromatic staining reaction of the mesentery mast cells was greatly diminished. 8. It is concluded that two processes of histamine release by compound 48/80 occur in rat lung. One, dependent on cell metabolism, involves, mast cell granule secretion. The other, independent of cell metabolism, seems to consist of a simple exchange reaction between histamine and compound 48/80, and this is the only one occurring in guinea-pig lung.

Anelídeos poliquetas do nordeste do Brasil: I - poliquetas bentônicos da costa de Alagoas e Sergipe

Abstract: Num trabalho anterior (NONATO & LUNA, 1969) discutimos as especies de poliquetas de escama que fazem parte de uma colecao proveniente de dragagens executadas pelo Laboratorio de Ciencias do Mar da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, no Nordeste do Brasil. No atual, sao tratadas as especies desprovidas de escamas, em numero de 71. Informacoes sobre a area amostrada estao contidas nos trabalhos de CAVALCANTI & colab. e de MABESOONE & TINOCO, 1967. Especies pequenas e delicadas que constituem parte ponderavel das populacoes bentonicas foram muito raras nesta area. Isto pode ser devido a condicoes eventualmente adversas ou, muito mais provavelmente, e consequencia de sua destruicao durante a coleta e triagem. Os fundos duros predominantes, com superficie irregular e constituidos em grande parte por blocos ou cascalho de algas calcarias e corais, tornam particularmente ardua a amostragem biologica. Nessas condicoes e dificil preservar a integridade de seres de corpo delicado como os poliquetas, da acao trituradora, dentro dos aparelhos de coleta. Devemos ter em conta essa circunstância ao avaliar a densidade aparente da fauna. Os poliquetas nao devem ser tao pouco frequentes como indica o resultado da prospeccao atual. Acreditamos que o uso de melhores tecnicas permitira apreciar a sua verdadeira densidade e conhecer melhor sua distribuicao. A pesca noturna, com luz submersa, por exemplo, podera ser um excelente metodo para atrair especies do substrato ou de habitats de outra forma inaccessiveis. Das 71 especies, apenas uma foi considerada como nova para a ciencia. Scoloplis agrestis sp. nov. assemelha-se a S. robustus Rullier e a S. madagascarensis Fauvel, diferindo de ambas pelo numero de setigeros toracicos e pelo numero reduzido de cerdas aciculares dos neuropodios toracicos. Os Eunicea sao o grupo melhor representado, com 26 especies, das quais a mais comum e Eunice longicirrata Webster (108 exemplares em 19 estacoes). Diopatra spiribranchis Augener e Hypsicomus elegans Webster sao consideradas boas especies. Somente dois Flabelligerideos foram capturados em toda a area; um deles e um especimem bem conservado de Pherusa scutigera (Ehlers) e o outro um Piromis sp. A maior parte das especies desta colecao e constituida por formas semelhantes as encontradas na regiao das Antilhas, como, alias, seria de se esperar. Porem, algumas aproximam-se de especies do Pacifico e do Indico, como e o caso de Glycera longipinnis Grube, Onuphis litoralis Monro e Vermiliopsis acanthophora Augener, cujas caracteristicas concordam perfeitamente com as descricoes a que tivemos acesso.

Umsetzung von Ditelluriden, Diseleniden und Disulfiden mit Diazomethan

Abstract: Die Umsetzung von Diazomethan mit einigen Ditelluriden, Diseleniden und Disulfiden ergibt die entsprechenden Tellur-, Selen - und Thioacetale. Mechanismen fur diese Umsetzungen werden vorgeschlagen. Reaction of some Ditellurides, Diselenides, and Disulfides with Diazomethane Diazomethane reacts with organoditellurides, -diselenides, and -disulfides to give telluro-, seleno-, and thioacetals. Mechanisms for this reaction are suggested.

Natural crossing between apis mellifera adansonii and apis mellifera ligustica.

Abstract: One of the reasons advanced for the extraordinary success of the African bee Apis mellifera adansonii in its new environment in South America is the supposed mating advantage of the African drones. On the other hand, another factor may be involved. Some researchers have proposed the hypothesis that a sort of sexual isolation might have evolved between A. m. adansonii Latr. and Italian bees, A. m. ligustica Fab. The experiments reported here were done in order to provide an evaluation of these hypotheses. A total of 41 nuclei, with three combs and about 2 kg of bees in each, were utilized. Each of 20 nuclei had one African virgin queen; each of the other 21 had one Italian virgin queen. One very strong hive harbored 1000 drones, 500 of which were Italian and 500 African. Queens were raised by the Doolittle method. Drones were raised from unfertilized eggs laid in a comb drawn from drone foundation. The rearing schedules were planned in such a way that the queens were 4 to 5 days old (nuptial flight age) when the drones were 11 to 14 days old (completely matured). The nuclei, complete with three combs, bees, and one virgin queen each, were put in an opening in a Eucalyptus forest (Rio Claro, Brazil), about 5-6 km from the next bee yard. They were distributed in a circle of 10meters radius around the hive with the drones. Each nucleus entrance was provided with a queen excluder which was

Normal products in the Thirring model

Abstract: The short-distance behavior of products of fields is studied in the Thirring model of a self-interacting, massless, spinor field in two dimensions. One is able to construct normal products which share most of the convenient properties of the free-field Wick products. A modified form of Wilson's expansion formula is verified. The original formulation of Wilson's hypothesis is seen to hold to every finite order in the coupling constant, but fails in the exact solution of the model for sufficiently strong coupling.

Estudo dos protozoários ciliados psamófilos do litoral brasileiro

Abstract: Estudaram-se diferentes caracteristicas (granulometria, temperatura, salinidade e quantidade de calcio) das areias de algumas regioes do litoral brasileiro. Descrevem-se sumariamente 75 especies de ciliados mesopsâmicos, todas pela primeira vez na America do Sul, das quais tres sao novas: Prorodon brasiliensis sp.n., Scaphiodon sawayai, sp.n. e Diophrys tetramronuncleata sp. n.

Behavior of the Triatoma infestans' under several laboratory conditions

Abstract: The rearing of T. infestans under several temperature, blood feeding and infection conditions, was observed. Temperature levels were 25 and 30oC, blood sources were mice and chickens, and were reported as with or without Trypanosoma cruzi infections. A shortness of the entire cycle from the hatching of the egg to adult in the high temperature level was observed. Beside this, less blood quantities and few blood meals were required to reach the adult stage. The utilization of mouse blood gave too a shorter time expended in the evolution, with fewer meals and lesser blood in volume. The trypanosome infection was related with more quantity of blood need by the fifth nymphs, and more meals for these imature stage when submited at 25oC of temperature. Interactions between the conditions studied, were recorded.

Observações sôbre a fauna bêntica do complexo estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia (SP)

Abstract: The Cananeia region in the south of Sao Paulo State, is a estuarine-lagunar complex, tn this region we realesed 60 benthic stations with a Foerst "Petersen grab" of 1/10 sq.m. We had studied the density and alcoholic weight of the benthic groups and species. The polychaets was the dominant group in number of species and of individuals. The commonest species was Loandalia americana, Laonice japonica, Clymene sp., Clymenella sp.. The highest density of polychaets was obtained in station 51, 10 meters deepthty, temperature of 18.60oC, salinity of 25.90%0, water transparency (Secchy disc) of 2 meters, bottom of muddy, sand and pebles. In this station we found 72 individuals/sq. m. and a alcoholic weight of 5.9100 grm. The lamelibrancs was not dominant in neither one station. Tellina alternata and Macoma sp. occurred only in Trapande bay and Cubatao sea. Littoridina australis var. nana occurs in high density in the north region of Cananeia island. In this region it is the dominant benthic species. Kalliapseudes schubartii occurs only in the Cubatao sea. Renilla reniformis and Virgularia sp. occurs specially in the Trapande bay. It was possible to recognize five faunistics zones in the soft bottoms of the complex. Zone of Renilla reniformis and Virgularla sp.. The sediment of this zone have a low organic fraction and the zone is on direct influence of the ocean waters. Zone of Macoma sp. and Tellina alternata in the Cananeia sea. Zone of the tanaidaceous Kalliapseudes schubartii and Phoronis sp. principally in the Cubatao sea. In this sea there are the highest organic fraction of the sediment. Zone of Littoridina australis var. nana in the northern region of the Cananeia island. In this zone, we found a low transparency of the water, salinity of 4.91 to 12.36‰ and a high organic fraction in the sediment. Zone of hard bottoms with hydroids and ophiuroids. The Trapande bay, presents the richest muddy infralittoral benthic fauna of the complex. In this bay is found the highest oxygen content and water highest salinity of the complex. Near of the mouth of the rivers and of the "marigots" and in many places of the complex, we found a floculated softy sediment in the bottom. In these places we d'ont found animals or they are very much rare (stations 11, 14, 17, 20, 48, 54 and 56). In two stations near of the Cananeia bar, in result of strong currents we d'ont found animals (St. 2, 5). Inside of the estuarine-lagunar complex of Cananeia (SP) characterized by the presence of muddy and sand-muddy bottoms with a very much poor epifauna we found in the Casqueiro island a infralittoral stone bottom, with a rich epifauna, specially of the hydroids Eudendrium carneum Clarke, the Ophiothrix angulata Say, amphipods, etc. This occurs because this area is situated in a region of function of the waters of the Trapande bay and that of the Ararapira river, what permits the existence of a stone bottom not covered by the muddy. This situation permits the occurrence of that epifauna.

Ultrastructural and histochemical studies on the epithelium revestment layer in the tube feet of the starfish Asterina stellifera.

Abstract: The “cuticle,” which revests the starfish tube foot, has been studied by electron microscopy and the findings correlated with histochemical observations. The “cuticle” is composed by two distinct zones; an outer zone including numerous microvilli, which extend from the inner zone into and through a fibrillar substance distinctly organized in two layers. These microvilli protrude slightly beyond the outer surface, where their tips give rise tonumerous extremely delicate fibrils. The second inner zone, of quite variable thickness and condensation of material, presents a coarser fibrous matrix where organelles and inclusions can be found. The whole cuticular complex does not derive from the majority of the epithelial cells, but is probably an extension of a special kind of T-shaped cells appearing at intervals, the “cuticle” forming a syncytial surface. Histochemical investigations indicate that the “cuticle” contains a combination of neutral and acid mucopolysaccharide, with a marked neutral predominance, the outer one displaying also an extremely thin coat of acid mucopolysaccharide with the sulfate group. The ordered arrangement of the microvilli suggests that this situation is imposed by the strong bond existing between the microvilli and the ouble mucopolysaccharide layers which would act as a cementing substance stabilizing the entire apical surface of the cell.

Aspectos ecológicos da tripanossomose americana: I - observações sôbre o Panstrongylus megistus e suas relações com focos naturais da infecção, em área urbana da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil

Abstract: Sao relatadas as investigacoes que levaram a efeito o encontro de foco natural da Tripanossomose Americana, na area ocupada pelo bairro denominado Chacara Flora, na cidade de Sao Paulo. Esse foco conta com o concurso do triatomineo Panstrongylus megistus, de gambas Didelphis marsupialis e de ratos domesticos da especie Rattus norvegicus. A presenca destes ultimos permite admitir maior aproximacao da infeccao no sentido do ambiente humano. O encontro de um especimen adulto femea de P. megistus sugando ativamente o homem dentro da habitacao, aliado a revisao da literatura, permite supor que nao se trata de subespecie ecologica. A presenca de diferencas essenciais de comportamento no norte e sul do Brasil, no estado atual dos conhecimentos, seria resultante, preponderantemente, da acao de fatores ambientais, entre os quais, as condicoes climaticas.

Sôbre o encontro de Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Abstract: Relata-se o encontro de Lutzomyia longipalpis na localidade denominada Bairro do Arado, municipio de Salto de Pirapora, Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Trata-se do primeiro registro concreto da presenca dessa especie em territorio paulista. Sugere-se a necessidade de investigar o significado epidemiologico desse achado.

RNA and DNA Puffs in Polytene Chromosomes of Rhynchosciara: Inhibition by Extirpation of Prothorax

Abstract: In the giant polytene chromosomes, gene amplification is made visible by formation of DNA puffs, and gene transcription is made visible by formation of RNA puffs. Ligation of the anterior portion of the larva at the end of the fourth larval instar inhibited the formation of the DNA puffs that normally develop at this stage and caused regression of RNA puffs.

Poverty and mental health.

Abstract: Cet article pose certains concepts fondamentaux qui president a l'etablissement de services psychiatriques pour les pays en voie de developpement.On y fait un expose sommaire des conditions socio-e...

Sôbre o braquiópode Bouchardia rosea (Mawe, 1823)

Abstract: Benthic samples were taken at 303 stations in the Ilha Grande region, down the isobath of 50 meters. In 12 of these Stations (20 samples) we found the brachiopod Bouchardia rosea (Mawe, 1823). The highest density observed for this species was 58 individuals/m2. Its occurrence is related to sediments with less of 30% of granules smaller than 420 µ, without the fraction smaller than 44µ, to salinity higher than 35‰ and probably to the enrichement process due to nearness of islands and organic material carried from Sepetiba bay. Apparently, there are no relationship, between the lenght of the valve and the position of the station and with the depth. There are, apparently, a direct relationship with salinity and a inverse with temperature. There are a tendency of the median lenght of the valve, to decrease with the increase of the aggrefation of the species. There are, apparently, three generations of the individuals in the presently samples.

On some Opisthobranchs from Cananéia, Brazil

Abstract: Dez especies de Cananeia e uma de Ubatuba foram colecionadas. Duas das especies sao novas para a ciencia: Coryphella verta e Catriona oba. Elysia serca e comparada com E. clena Marcus (1970, p. 49). Os generos Cuthona, Trinchesia, e Catriona sao discutidos.