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Institution

University of São Paulo

EducationSão Paulo, Brazil
About: University of São Paulo is a education organization based out in São Paulo, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 136513 authors who have published 272320 publications receiving 5127869 citations. The organization is also known as: USP & Universidade de São Paulo.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the climate sensitivity of the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) is studied for two past climate forcings, the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the mid-Holocene.
Abstract: The climate sensitivity of the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) is studied for two past climate forcings, the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the mid-Holocene. The LGM, approximately 21 000 yr ago, is a glacial period with large changes in the greenhouse gases, sea level, and ice sheets. The mid-Holocene, approximately 6000 yr ago, occurred during the current interglacial with primary changes in the seasonal solar irradiance. The LGM CCSM3 simulation has a global cooling of 4.5°C compared to preindustrial (PI) conditions with amplification of this cooling at high latitudes and over the continental ice sheets present at LGM. Tropical sea surface temperature (SST) cools by 1.7°C and tropical land temperature cools by 2.6°C on average. Simulations with the CCSM3 slab ocean model suggest that about half of the global cooling is explained by the reduced LGM concentration of atmospheric CO2 (∼50% of present-day concentrations). There is an increase in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current an...

575 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The assembly of the microbial community in the rhizosphere is based on niche-based processes as a result of the selection power of the plant and other environmental factors.
Abstract: This study addressed the selection of the rhizospheric microbial community from the bulk soil reservoir under agricultural management of soybean in Amazon forest soils. We used a shotgun metagenomics approach to investigate the taxonomic and functional diversities of microbial communities in the bulk soil and in the rhizosphere of soybean plants and tested the validity of neutral and niche theories to explain the rhizosphere community assembly processes. Our results showed a clear selection at both taxonomic and functional levels operating in the assembly of the soybean rhizosphere community. The taxonomic analysis revealed that the rhizosphere community is a subset of the bulk soil community. Species abundance in rhizosphere fits the log-normal distribution model, which is an indicator of the occurrence of niche-based processes. In addition, the data indicate that the rhizosphere community is selected based on functional cores related to the metabolisms of nitrogen, iron, phosphorus and potassium, which are related to benefits to the plant, such as growth promotion and nutrition. The network analysis including bacterial groups and functions was less complex in rhizosphere, suggesting the specialization of some specific metabolic pathways. We conclude that the assembly of the microbial community in the rhizosphere is based on niche-based processes as a result of the selection power of the plant and other environmental factors.

575 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, BC-rich Anthrosols and BC-poor adjacent soils from the Central Amazon (Brazil) were incubated for 532 days either with or without addition of 13 C-isotopically different plant residue.

574 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Four substitution and two splice junction mutations were identified in the 17βHSD3 genes of five unrelated male pseudohermaphrodites that severely compromised the activity of the 17 β–HSD type 3 isozyme.
Abstract: Defects in the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone in the fetal testes by the enzyme 17β–hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β–HSD) give rise to genetic males with female external genitalia. We have used expression cloning to isolate cDNAs encoding a microsomal 17β–HSD type 3 isozyme that shares 23% sequence identity with other 1 7β–HSD enzymes, uses NADPH as a cofactor, and is expressed predominantly in the testes. The 17βHSD3 gene on chromosome 9q22 contains 11 exons. Four substitution and two splice junction mutations were identified in the 17βHSD3 genes of five unrelated male pseudohermaphrodites. The substitution mutations severely compromised the activity of the 17β–HSD type 3 isozyme.

574 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present study has confirmed that distress is associated with both birthweight and GA, and the effectiveness of psychological interventions that can improve maternal and foetal well-being is needed.
Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate: (1) the associations between maternal psychological stress, distress and low birth weight (LBW), prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR); (2) the interactions between maternal stress, distress and smoking, alcohol and coffee intake; (3) the prevalences of stress and distress in pregnancy. Design: Longitudinal cohort study. Setting: Jundiai city, Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Subjects: A total of 865 pregnant women who attended antenatal care between September 1997 and August 2000. Methods: Measures of stress and distress were obtained, by interview, three times in pregnancy: at a gestational age (GA) lower than 16 weeks, from 20 to 26 weeks and from 30 to 36 weeks. Stress was investigated by the perceived stress scale, PSS, and distress by both the general health questionnaire, GHQ, and the State Trait Anxiety inventories, STAI. The outcomes were: LBW (birth weight <2500 g), prematurity (gestational age (GA) at birth <37 weeks) and IUGR (birth weight for GA ≤10th percentile of William's curve). The associations between the outcomes and the psychological measures were assessed in multiple logistic regression models. Results: Maternal distress was associated with LBW (RR=1.97, P=0.019) and prematurity (RR=2.32, P=0.015), respectively. There was an interaction between distress and smoking in the second interview (P=0.05). The prevalences of stress and distress in the different interviews of pregnancy varied from 22.1 to 52.9%. Conclusions: The present study has confirmed that distress is associated with both birthweight and GA. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of psychological interventions that can improve maternal and foetal well-being. Sponsorship: Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo - FAPESP (grant no. 1998/00321-0).

573 citations


Authors

Showing all 138091 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
George M. Whitesides2401739269833
Peter Libby211932182724
Robert C. Nichol187851162994
Paul M. Thompson1832271146736
Terrie E. Moffitt182594150609
Douglas R. Green182661145944
Richard B. Lipton1762110140776
Robin M. Murray1711539116362
George P. Chrousos1691612120752
David A. Bennett1671142109844
Barry M. Popkin15775190453
David H. Adams1551613117783
Joao Seixas1531538115070
Matthias Egger152901184176
Ichiro Kawachi149121690282
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20241
2023331
20222,547
202118,134
202017,960
201916,297