scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers by "University of South Australia published in 1999"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results obtained from self-reports and peer nomination procedures to identify bullies and victims indicated that involvement in bully-victim problems at school, especially for students with relatively little social support, was significantly related to degree of suicidal ideation.
Abstract: Relationships among suicidal ideation, involvement in bully-victim problems at school, and perceived social support were investigated with samples of adolescent students (N = 1103 and N = 845) attending secondary school in South Australia. Results obtained from self-reports and peer nomination procedures to identify bullies and victims indicated that involvement in bully-victim problems at school, especially for students with relatively little social support, was significantly related to degree of suicidal ideation.

396 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A state estimator is designed such that the covariance of the estimation error is guaranteed to be within a certain bound for all admissible uncertainties, which is in terms of solutions of two sets of coupled algebraic Riccati equations.
Abstract: Studies the problem of Kalman filtering for a class of uncertain linear continuous-time systems with Markovian jumping parameters. The system under consideration is subjected to time-varying norm-bounded parameter uncertainties in the state and measurement equations. Stochastic quadratic stability of the above system is analyzed. A state estimator is designed such that the covariance of the estimation error is guaranteed to be within a certain bound for all admissible uncertainties, which is in terms of solutions of two sets of coupled algebraic Riccati equations.

373 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, evidence from other techniques confirming assignment of high-binding-energy S 2p components to metal-deficient sulphide surfaces, polysulphides, elemental sulphur and electronic defect structures is considered for specific cases.
Abstract: This paper reviews evidence for the assignments of components of the S 2p XPS spectra from sulphide mineral surfaces under different conditions of preparation, oxidation and reaction. Evidence from other techniques confirming assignment of high-binding-energy S 2p components to metal-deficient sulphide surfaces, polysulphides, elemental sulphur and electronic defect structures is considered for specific cases. Reliable assignment of S 2p 3/2 components at 163.6-164.0 eV to elemental sulphur S n 0 can be confirmed by evaporative loss at 295 K and/or observation of S-S bonding by x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), x-ray diffraction or vibrational spectroscopy. Assignment to polysulphides S n 2- at 162.0-163.6 eV requires confirmation of S-S bonding by XAFS or vibrational spectroscopy. Metal-deficient lattices can be represented as electronic defects (e.g. vacancies) or restructured surface phases confirmed by diffraction or XAFS evidence. High-binding-energy S 2p 3/2 components can also result from Cu(I) substitution into ZnS with associated oxidation of sulphur as electronic defect sites without S-S bonding, metal deficiency or restructuring. This assignment is confirmed by XAFS evidence.

347 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Slight differences in species sensitivity were evident, with L. moorei tadpoles showing greater sensitivity than tadPoles of the other four species, and the toxicity of technical-grade glyphosate acid (48-h LC50, 81.2–121 mg/L) is likely to be due to acid intolerance.
Abstract: The acute toxicity of technical-grade glyphosate acid, glyphosate isopropylamine, and three glyphosate formulations was determined for adults of one species and tadpoles of four species of southwestern Australian frogs in 48-h static/renewal tests. The 48-h LC50 values for Roundup® Herbicide (MON 2139) tested against tadpoles of Crinia insignifera, Heleioporus eyrei, Limnodynastes dorsalis, and Litoria moorei ranged between 8.1 and 32.2 mg/L (2.9 and 11.6 mg/L glyphosate acid equivalent [AE]), while the 48-h LC50 values for Roundup® Herbicide tested against adult and newly metamorphosed C. insignifera ranged from 137–144 mg/L (49.4–51.8 mg/L AE). Touchdown® Herbicide (4 LC-E) tested against tadpoles of C. insignifera, H. eyrei, L. dorsalis, and L. moorei was slightly less toxic than Roundup® with 48-h LC50 values ranging between 27.3 and 48.7 mg/L (9.0 and 16.1 mg/L AE). Roundup® Biactive (MON 77920) was practically nontoxic to tadpoles of the same four species producing 48-h LC50 values of 911 mg/L (328 mg/L AE) for L. moorei and >1,000 mg/L (>360mg/L AE) for C. insignifera, H. eyrei, and L. dorsalis. Glyphosate isopropylamine was practically nontoxic, producing no mortality among tadpoles of any of the four species over 48 h, at concentrations between 503 and 684 mg/L (343 and 466 mg/L AE). The toxicity of technical-grade glyphosate acid (48-h LC50, 81.2–121 mg/L) is likely to be due to acid intolerance. Slight differences in species sensitivity were evident, with L. moorei tadpoles showing greater sensitivity than tadpoles of the other four species. Adult and newly emergent metamorphs were less sensitive than tadpoles.

322 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that modern social and environmental accounting models have been developed based on procedural liberal frameworks that limit the proposals for reform and that the corporation as the accounting entity and mistakenly claims to be able to influence it.
Abstract: This essay critically analyses modern social and environmental accounting. First, I argue that modern social and environmental accounting models have been developed based on procedural liberal frameworks that limit the proposals for reform. Second, social and environmental accounting focuses on the corporation as the accounting entity and mistakenly claims to be able to influence it. In developing another way to think and act about the environmental and social role of accounting, I consider whether modern communitarian thought can enrich the democratic process. The aim is to foster debate and dialogue concerning the role of corporations and their impact on nature. I argue that implicit in communitarian theory is a democratic model through which language acts as a means to critically focus on the direction of accounting as an institution in the public sphere.

316 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The mechanism by which particles and bubbles interact captures many of the central concepts of colloid science and hydrodynamics, and is an example of heterocoagulation as mentioned in this paper.

261 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper presents a general framework HM(X), analogous to the CLP(X) framework in constrained logic programming, for Hindley/Milner style type systems with constraints, and shows that the type system is sound with respect to a standard untyped compositional semantics.
Abstract: In this paper we present a general framework HM(X) for Hindley/Milner style type systems with constraints, analogous to the CLP(X) framework in constrained logic programming. We show that the type system is sound with respect to a standard untyped compositional semantics. We present sufficient conditions on the constraint domain X so that the principal types property carries over to HM(X). The conditions turn out to be fairly simple and natural.

260 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Relatively poor health was characteristic of students reporting frequent victimisation by peers in early secondary schooling and also of senior students who reported being bullied frequently three years earlier, suggesting a causal connection.
Abstract: Background. Although previous studies have indicated that children who are frequently bullied by peers at school have below average health, both the generalisability of such findings across age groups and how they can be best explained have remained unclear. Aims. (i) To examine whether reported peer victimisation is related to current levels of physical and mental health among early and late secondary school students and (ii) to determine whether degree of reported victimisation in early years of secondary schooling can predict the health status of students when they are in senior class. Sample. Students were selected from those attending the first two years of schooling at a South Australian high school in 1994 (N = 276) and the last two years in 1997 (N = 126). These included a subsample (N = 78) who were assessed at school at both times. Method. Students completed questions which included measures of degree of peer victimisation and mental and physical health. Results. For the total sample assessed in 1994, but not that of 1997, reported victimisation was significantly correlated with relatively poor physical and mental health. For the re-tested subsample, high levels of peer victimisation in the pre-testing predicted poor physical health for both sexes and poor mental health in girls. Conclusion. Relatively poor health was characteristic of students reporting frequent victimisation by peers in early secondary schooling and also of senior students who reported being bullied frequently three years earlier, suggesting a causal connection.

250 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of previous achievements within the spatio-temporal data field is provided and areas currently receiving or requiring further investigation are highlighted.
Abstract: Spatio-temporal databases aim to support extensions to existing models of Spatial Information Systems (SIS) to include time in order to better describe our dynamic environment. Although interest into this area has increased in the past decade, a number of important issues remain to be investigated. With the advances made in temporal database research, we can expect a more unified approach towards aspatial temporal data in SIS and a wider discussion on spatio-temporal data models. This paper provides an overview of previous achievements within the field and highlights areas currently receiving or requiring further investigation.

241 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This short paper provides a bibliography of relevant research papers investigating temporal, spatial and spatio-temporal data mining and provides a few comments on this research.
Abstract: With the growth in the size of datasets, data mining has recently become an important research topic and is receiving substantial interest from both academia and industry. At the same time, a greater recognition of the value of temporal and spatial data has been evident and the first papers looking at the confluence of these two areas are starting to emerge. This short paper provides a few comments on this research and provides a bibliography of relevant research papers investigating temporal, spatial and spatio-temporal data mining.

241 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The decoding system resembles the decoder of a serial turbo code and single-user performance is obtained even for numbers of users approaching the spreading code length.
Abstract: We view the asynchronous random code division multiple-access (CDMA) channel as a time-varying convolutional code. We study the case where the users encode their data, and, therefore, the single user transmitters and the CDMA channel appear as the concatenation of two coding systems. At the receiver we employ serial turbo decoding strategies. Unlike conventional turbo codes where both the inner and outer code may be selected, in our case, the inner code is due to the CDMA channel which we assume to be random. Nevertheless, the decoding system resembles the decoder of a serial turbo code and single-user performance is obtained even for numbers of users approaching the spreading code length.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The GA was found to be an expedient solution compared to editing followed by feature selection, feature selection followed by editing, and the individual results from feature selection and editing.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the zeta potential of the copper sulfide minerals, chalcocite, covellite, Chalcopyrite, bornite, enargite and tennantite was measured as a function of pH and oxidising conditions.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1999-Spine
TL;DR: The results support a differential postural response per gender and per level of spinal development but also suggest that the craniovertebral angle may not be the most sensitive measure of head-on-neck postural change for adolescents.
Abstract: Study Design. A Cross-sectional, observational study, examining the effects of backpack weight on adolescent posture. Objectives. To investigate the response of the craniovertebral angle to backpack load. Summary of Background Data. There is a widely held belief that repeated carrying of heavy loads, such as school backpacks, places additional stress on rapidly growing adolescent spinal structures, making them prone to postural change. Methods. Ten volunteer state high schools in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia, provided 985 students, aged 12 to 18 years and from five different high school years, for this study. Students’ posture was measured with and without their school backpack. All data analyses were undertaken per school year level to account for specific load-carrying requirements and spinal development associated with the age group. Results. A significant change in craniovertebral angle was found at every year level, when comparing standing posture with no backpack with posture when carrying a backpack. The change was greatest for the youngest students. Incremental change in craniovertebral angle was not strongly associated with backpack loads. The association became stronger for the oldest girls when controlled for body mass index and for weight. Conclusion. The results support a differential postural response per gender and per level of spinal development but also suggest that the craniovertebral angle may not be the most sensitive measure of head-on-neck postural change for adolescents.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The attachment efficiencies decreased with increasing particle size and bubble size, but increased with particle contact angle and KCl electrolyte concentration, and the values of the induction time obtained are in a reasonable agreement with experimental and calculated induction times reported in the literature.

Journal ArticleDOI
21 Oct 1999-Langmuir
Abstract: Thin coatings of photoresponsive, pyrimidine-terminated molecules, attached to gold or quartz substrates in contact with water, undergo dimerization and wettability changes when irradiated with UV light at 280 and 240 nm Self-assembled monolayers of long chain thymine-terminated thiols give the largest, reversible photoinduced contact angle changes The latter are caused by a decrease in surface charge as the thymine monomer dimerizes upon irradiation, a process which is accompanied by an increase in the acidity constant of the dimer Uracil self-assembled monolayers photodimerize but do not photocleave; there is an irreversible change in contact angle Spin-cast films of thymines give smaller contact angle changes, the maximum values corresponding to films which are composed of a mixture of crystalline and amorphous states

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Adsorption of natural organic matter onto seven activated carbons with a wide range of surface properties was studied at high and low ionic strength over a range of pH values and found that, for six of seven carbons, at low surface concentrations, increased Ionic strength decreased NOM adsorption.

Journal ArticleDOI
12 Feb 1999-Langmuir
TL;DR: In this article, an atomic force microscope was used to measure the forces acting between two polystyrene latex spheres in aqueous media and the results showed an electrostatic repulsion at large separations which is overtaken by an attractive "hook" that pulls the two spheres into contact from a considerable range (20−400 nm), much larger than could be expected for a van der Waals attraction.
Abstract: An atomic force microscope was used to measure the forces acting between two polystyrene latex spheres in aqueous media. The results show an electrostatic repulsion at large separations which is overtaken by an attractive “hook” that pulls the two spheres into contact from a considerable range (20−400 nm), much larger than could be expected for a van der Waals attraction. The range of operation of this attraction varies from one experiment to another and is not correlated with electrolyte concentration. However, the range is found to decrease significantly when the level of dissolved gas in the water is reduced.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper conducted a survey of economics departments to investigate whether departments of economics have moved beyond the use of student evaluations of teaching and found that student evaluations were by far the most widely used, and often the only method used by economics departments, to evaluate teaching in undergraduate economics courses.
Abstract: Based on results from a 1999 national survey, William Becker and Michael Watts found that student evaluations of teaching were by far the most widely used, and often the only method used by economics departments, to evaluate teaching in undergraduate economics courses. To investigate whether departments of economics have moved beyond the use of student evaluations of teaching, in 2011 the current authors conducted a national survey of departments based largely on questions used in the 1999 survey. The surveys included items on how courses and teaching are evaluated, and on how that information is used in departmental promotion and salary decisions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Significant reductions in levels of victimization were recorded for Year 7 students only, and significantly increased support for anti-bullying initiatives was found among senior students (Years 10 and 11).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper used grounded theory to uncover the occupational identities of men and women who farm, and to build an empirically constructed typology of occupational identities in farming, using interviews with 22 men and 22 women from diverse farm types and two regions of South Australia to explore subjective meanings associated with work, the farm and self.
Abstract: This paper uses grounded theory to uncover the occupational identities of men and women who farm, and to build an empirically constructed typology of occupational identities in farming. The narratives of 22 men and 22 women from diverse farm types and two regions of South Australia are used to explore subjective meanings associated with work, the farm and self. The typology shows a shift in meanings associated with work, ‘the farm’ and gender characteristics across time and the typology. Globalizing influences are identified which have detraditionalized identities in farming and these are: changing relations between men and women and changing expectations about how producers should engage and orientate themselves toward the general market. A reflexivity about gender and a reflexivity about farming practice were identified as the two most important recurring features in the formation of identities that were non-traditional. The paper therefore investigates why some individuals are more likely than others to be reflexive about gender and gender relations and/or farming practice. It explores the inter-relationship between ‘self-reflexivity’ and the structural environment in which the construction and reconstruction of identity occurs.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A survey was performed to gauge the distribution of hlyA and aerA genes in clinical and environmental Aeromonas isolates to find the best prediction of virulence in an animal model.
Abstract: Previous studies have shown that two hemolytic toxins, HlyA and AerA, contribute to the virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila. A survey was performed to gauge the distribution of hlyA and aerA genes in clinical and environmental Aeromonas isolates. For A. hydrophila, A. veronii biotype sobria and A caviae, 96%, 12% and 35% of strains, respectively, were hlyA positive, whereas, 78%, 97%, 41%, respectively, were aerA positive. All virulent A. hydrophila isolates were hlyA+aerA+. This genotype was most common in A. hydrophila (75.4%) followed by A. caviae (29.4%) and A. veronii biotype sobria (9.6%). For A. hydrophila, a two-hemolytic toxin model of virulence provides the best prediction of virulence in an animal model.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the precipitation of zeolite, sodalite, and cancrinite and subsequent phase transformations were investigated under a variety of conditions in sodium aluminate liquor, and it was found that sodalites did not transform to can-crinite in the absence of a liquid medium.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that melatonin production is lower in older people, but that the change occurs very early in life, around 20–30 yr of age.
Abstract: The apparent age-related decline in melatonin production has been thought to continue in a secular manner across the lifespan. While it is clear that melatonin levels in children and adolescents are elevated compared to older individuals, the question of whether there is a sudden or gradual change has not been adequately addressed. In this study, we report the excretion of the melatonin metabolite, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in 253 subjects aged between 21 and 82 yr. The correlation with age was significant (r = -0.24; P < 0.05). When the data was analysed by ANOVA using 5-yr age spans, there was a significant effect of age, but post hoc analysis indicated that after 25 yr of age there was no significant decline in excretion of the metabolite. Thus, although the oldest subjects excreted 36% less melatonin metabolite than the youngest, the decrease occurred at a very early age. In the second part of the study, we re-evaluated the data from seven previous studies that measured plasma melatonin levels or metabolite excretion across a wide range of ages and 11 studies comparing young versus older subjects. Statistical analysis by ANOVA again suggested that the changes in melatonin occurring with age were essentially complete before 30 yr of age. The youngest subjects produced at the most twice the amount of melatonin as the oldest subjects. Finally, we evaluated the mean plasma melatonin levels in 144 groups of normal subjects reported in 137 separate publications with respect to age. Again, whereas there was a significant correlation with age, ANOVA showed that there was no difference between groups after 35 yr of age, and the oldest groups had levels that were only 43% of the youngest groups. We conclude that melatonin production is lower in older people, but that the change occurs very early in life, around 20-30 yr of age.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A tomographic computational model of a 14-year-old female torso suitable for the determination of organ doses from CT is constructed and it is suggested that the resulting values have fewer possible sources of uncertainty than organ doses derived from dose coefficients calculated for a MIRD style model with mathematical anatomy and a spectrum that may not match that of the scanner.
Abstract: Fifty-four consecutive CT scans have been used to construct a tomographic computational model of a 14-year-old female torso suitable for the determination of organ doses from CT. The model, known as ADELAIDE, is in the form of an input file compatible with user codes based on XYZDOS.MOR from the readily available EGS4 Monte Carlo radiation transport code. ADELAIDE's dimensions are close to the Australian averages for her age so the model is representative of a 14-year-old girl. The realistic anatomy in the model differs considerably from that in Cristy's 15-year-old mathematical computational model by having realistically shaped organs that are appropriately located within a real external contour. Average absorbed dose to organs from simulated CT examinations of the chest and abdomen have been calculated for ADELAIDE using EGS4 within a geometry specific to the General Electric Hi-Speed Advantage CT scanner and using an x-ray spectrum calculated using data from the scanner's x-ray tube. The simulations include the scanner's beam shaping filter and patient table. It is suggested that the resulting values have fewer possible sources of uncertainty than organ doses derived from dose coefficients calculated for a MIRD style model with mathematical anatomy and a spectrum that may not match that of the scanner. The organ doses were normalized using the scanner's CTDI measured free-in-air and an EGS4 simulation of the CTDI measurement. Effective dose to the torso from 26-slice chest and 24-slice abdomen examinations (at 120 kV, 200 mAs, 7 mm slices) is 4.6±0.1 mSv and 4.3±0.1 mSv respectively.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Overall, stress intensity tended to escalate over time, peaking in the fourth year of training, and it is suggested that dental students may be prone to unhealthy perfectionism, placing them at risk for the harmful consequences of chronically elevated stress levels.
Abstract: The Dental Environment Stress questionnaire was used to identify and quantify sources of stress for 205 Australian Bachelor of Dental Surgery students. A factor analysis revealed negative self-efficacy beliefs accounted for almost one third of the total variance, and despite higher stress levels reported by females, a marked similarity in the dominant patterns emerged for males and females. In testing for differences in residency status, international students expressed significantly more stress from peer pressure, and this is discussed within a socio-cultural context. Irrespective of gender, residency status, and class year, students ranked examinations and grades as the single most stress-inducing concern. Overall, stress intensity tended to escalate over time, peaking in the fourth year of training. It is suggested that dental students may be prone to unhealthy perfectionism, placing them at risk for the harmful consequences of chronically elevated stress levels.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A possible role of thermoregulation in sleep initiation is suggested by the similar temporal relationship between Tc and SOL for two different classes of soporific agents.
Abstract: Changes in core body temperature are generally associated with changes in sleep propensity (Zully et al. 1981). For example, when thermoregulatory factors such as activity and food consumption are controlled, changes in sleep propensity are inversely correlated with the daily variation in core temperature (Lack & Lushington, 1996). In addition, there is some evidence to suggest that the soporific effects of agents such as the pineal hormone melatonin are associated with their thermoregulatory effects (Krauchi et al. 1997a, b). Specifically, concomitant soporific and hypothermic effects have been observed in healthy young adults when oral melatonin has been administered during the day at doses greater than 1 mg (Cagnacci et al. 1992; Dollins et al. 1994; Zhdanova et al. 1995). It may be the case, as has been suggested for melatonin (Dawson & Encel, 1993; Cagnacci et al. 1995), that the effects of other soporific agents are related to changes in thermoregulation. If the thermoregulatory system were to be involved in the soporific effect of hypnotic/soporific drugs, then such agents might be expected to display similar thermoregulatory effects. The benzodiazepines are a class of hypnotics/soporifics that, like melatonin, significantly reduce sleep onset latency (van der Kleijn, 1989). Currently, one of the most commonly prescribed and popular sleeping medications in Australia is the benzodiazepine temazepam (Gilbert, 1991). While preliminary evidence has suggested oral temperature may decrease following temazepam administration (Pleuvry et al. 1980), this has yet to be established under controlled conditions. Therefore, in an attempt to increase our knowledge of the mechanisms by which hypnotic/soporific agents exert their soporific effects, the present study compared the thermoregulatory and soporific effects of temazepam with those of melatonin.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of collision, attachment and stability efficiencies of colloidal colloids and bubbles is presented, where the authors deal with the identification of a flotation domain, the deformation of a bubble surface upon interaction with a solid surface, the kinetics of three phase contact line expansion and the determination of attachment efficiencies through to the direct measurement of bubble-particle interaction forces.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gastric emptying of a solid meal is slower, when compared with euglycemia, even after administration of erythromycin, and the perception of postprandial hunger is reduced at a blood glucose concentration of approximately 15 mmol/l.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The major aims of this study were to determine in normal subjects whether the effects of erythromycin on gastric emptying, postprandial hunger, and fullness are modified by the blood glucose concentration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 10 normal subjects (aged 20-39 years) underwent concurrent measurements of gastric emptying, blood glucose, hunger, and fullness on four separate occasions: twice during euglycemia (approximately 4 mmol/l) and twice during hyperglycemia (approximately 15 mmol/l). Either erythromycin (3 mg/kg) or saline (0.9%) was administered intravenously immediately before ingestion of a radioisotopically labeled solid meal. RESULTS: Gastric emptying was slower (P

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Dogs and cats are a potential reservoir for human enteric infections with campylobacters, and intensive housing and open drains were found to be significant risk factors and increased the carriage rate by 2 and 2.6 times, respectively.
Abstract: Background Campylobacter enteritis was the most frequently notified infectious disease in Australia in 1996 and Campylobacter species have been associated with extra-intestinal infections such as purulent arthritis and Guillian-Barre syndrome. Dogs and cats are known to carry campylobacteria and contact with household pets have been implicated as possible sources of human infection. Objective To provide information on the species of campylobacter carried by cats and dogs in South Australia. Methods Faecal samples were collected from stray and owned cats and dogs and feral cats. Campylobacter-like organisms were isolated using selective media and filtration methods. They were then characterised by biochemical tests, antibiotic resistance and growth patterns under various conditions. Husbandry factors that could have influenced the carriage rates were examined both as single variables and in a multivariate logistic regression. Results Campylobacter upsaliensis and C jejuni were found in 11% and 4% of cats, respectively, whereas 34% dogs carried C upsaliensis, 7%C jejuni and 2%C coli. Intensive housing and open drains were found to be significant risk factors and increased the carriage rate by 2 and 2.6 times, respectively. Conclusion Dogs and cats are a potential reservoir for human enteric infections with campylobacters.