Showing papers by "University of South Carolina published in 1972"
TL;DR: Seasonal variations in the growth, respiration and assimilation of the intertidal oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) of different sizes were determined and Q10 values computed from oxygen-consumption rates decreased with increasing temperature and increasing body size.
Abstract: Seasonal variations in the growth, respiration and assimilation of the intertidal oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) of different sizes were determined. The instantaneous growth rates for intertidal oysters decreased with increasing size and with lower temperatures. Q10 values computed from instantaneous growth rates were approximately 2 during the warm growing season, but were higher in the colder months. Oxygen consumption increased with temperature and body size. A model was developed to predict oxygen consumption at any environmental temperature from 10° to 30°C for oysters ranging in weight from 0.1 to 100.0 g. Q10 values computed from oxygen-consumption rates decreased with increasing temperature and increasing body size. Intertidal oysters utilize a large proportion of their assimilated energy in growth.
162 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was concluded that the Mormon Mesa caliche has formed primarily as the result of pedogenetic processes, probably under slowly aggrading, aeolian conditions.
Abstract: On the basis of field and laboratory data described herein, it is concluded that the Mormon Mesa caliche has formed primarily as the result of pedogenetic processes, probably under slowly aggrading, aeolian conditions. The reasons for postulating aggrading aeolian conditions are (1) the absence of A and B soil horizons, (2) the absence of laminated petrocalcic horizons, (3) the lack of quartz grain dissolution and brecciation, (4) the relatively high content of clay and silt in the calcrete (caprock) horizon, (5) the presence of aeolian sand drifts on the present mesa surface, and (6) the presence of fresh red sand in laminated CaCO 3 joint fillings. Also, the aeolian hypothesis may explain the fact that the calcrete horizon of the caliche contains a much greater amount of secondary CaCO 3 than can be accommodated in the original void space of the parent material; and, in addition, the hypothesis avoids the vexing problem, associated with degradational hypotheses, of explaining how water penetrates through the calcrete to form the underlying transition zone of friable caliche. The data further indicates that perhaps at least 25 percent of the secondary CaCO 3 in the caliche was derived from dissolved Ca ++ and HCO 3 − in rainwater, with the remainder probably furnished by aeolian carbonate dust. It is estimated that development of the caliche probably required at least 400,000 yrs and possibly as long as 2,500,000 yrs.
82 citations
01 Sep 1972-Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology
TL;DR: Glaucomys single, isolated light pulses of either one second or 24 hours duration were able to bring about relatively large shifts in the phase of the activity rhythm, and Tamias showed an oscillatory type of entrainment when the photoperiod was less than 3 hours per 24-hour day or greater than 23 hours, but in the intervening region was capable of stableEntrainment.
Abstract: The activity rhythms of 5 flying squirrels,Glaucomys volans, and 7 chipmunks,Tamias striatus, were examined under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Free-running, circadian rhythms were demonstrated using a total of 25 LL or DD experiments. With 46 LD schedules the limits of entrainment in a 24-hour day were determined, and the phase angle difference for each schedule measured.Glaucomys was able to synchronize to schedules ranging from 1 second of light per 24-hour day to at least 18 hours light per day with little or no change in the phase angle.Tamias showed an oscillatory type of entrainment when the photoperiod was less than 3 hours per 24-hour day or greater than 23 hours, but in the intervening region was capable of stable entrainment. A tendency was evident for the phase angle difference to become less positive as the LD ratio increased. InGlaucomys single, isolated light pulses of either one second or 24 hours duration were able to bring about relatively large shifts in the phase of the activity rhythm.
76 citations
TL;DR: Maximal rates of synthesis of both pyrophosphate and ATP were attained only on the addition of an exogenous reducing agent, and the mechanism and function of electron-transport-coupled energy conservation in R. rubrum chromatophores is discussed.
Abstract: Characteristics of inorganic pyrophosphate synthesis from inorganic orthophosphate were examined in chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum. The application of an ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase-trapping system has shown in an unequivocal fashion that pyrophosphate is a product of a light-dependent reaction utilizing Pi as the substrate. Only very limited pyrophosphate synthesis takes place in the dark. The rates of synthesis of both ATP and pyrophosphate were studied under conditions in which the membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase and pyrophosphatase activities would normally make these substances unstable. The maximum rate of pyrophosphate synthesis was 25% of that for ATP synthesis, with maximum activation of pyrophosphate synthesis occurring at a lower light-intensity than that required for ATP synthesis. As a result, at low light-intensity the rate of pyrophosphate formation approached that of ATP. Maximal rates of synthesis of both pyrophosphate and ATP were attained only on the addition of an exogenous reducing agent. Conditions for optimum pyrophosphate synthesis required about one-half of the concentration of the reductant required for maximum ATP synthesis. Consistent with previous reports, oligomycin inhibited ATP synthesis, but had little influence on the rate of pyrophosphate synthesis. In membrane particles that retained pyrophosphatase activity but were treated to remove adenosine triphosphatase activity and the ability to photophosphorylate ADP, oligomycin stimulated light-dependent pyrophosphate synthesis by nearly 250%. The influence of Mg2+ concentration, pH and various inhibitors and uncouplers on pyrophosphate synthesis was studied. The results are discussed with respect to the mechanism and function of electron-transport-coupled energy conservation in R. rubrum chromatophores.
52 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a characterization of the free inverse semigroup I on a non-empty set X is presented. But the characterization is restricted to the case X = 0 and X = 1.
Abstract: This note announces a characterization of the free inverse semigroup I on a non-empty set X.
52 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a 2 by 2 factorial design based on two levels of ambient temperature (cool, hot) and exposure to the model (no model, model) was employed to investigate the influence of an aggressive model on the subsequent behavior of adult males.
Abstract: Forty undergraduate males participated in an experiment designed to investigate the hypothesis that the influence of an aggressive model on the subsequent behavior of adult Os would be enhanced by uncomfortably high ambient temperatures. In order to examine this suggestion, a 2 by 2 factorial design based upon two levels of ambient temperature (cool, hot) and two levels of exposure to the model (no model, model) was employed. Results indicated that, consistent with the findings of previous research, aggression was facilitated by exposure to the model. In addition, support was obtained for the prediction that the influence of the model would be enhanced by high ambient temperatures.
38 citations
TL;DR: A consumer's peer groups, reference groups, and significant others offer social support and legitimation to his purchase choices, implying that he would be less willing to choose risky product alternatives without the social support from such informal groups.
Abstract: How does membership in an informal group affect an individual's willingness to take risks? The marketing and social psychology literatures suggest that consumers are willing to take greater risks after informal group discussions than before such discussions [3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 17, 19]. A consumer's peer groups, reference groups, and significant others offer social support and legitimation to his purchase choices [10, 15, 21], implying that he would be less willing to choose risky product alternatives without the social support from such informal groups. Also, a consumer unwilling to make risky product decisions would need social support and thus tend to initiate group discussion. For example, Arndt found that a consumer perceiving greater risk made a greater effort to reduce risk by means of informal communication [l]. This greater effort would include searching for additional information from personal, product, and promotional sources. A consumer who perceives higher risk and, other things being equal, is less willing to take a risky action, would seek out others to gain prior approval.
38 citations
TL;DR: The rotational spectrum of methyltrifluorosilane in the ground and the first three excited states of the torsional mode have been investigated in the region of 12.5-40.0 GHz.
33 citations
TL;DR: N-terminal analysis of thymidylate synthetase by the Edman procedure gives rise to a single spot that is consistent with only the phenythiohydantoin of methionine when analyzed on three separate thin layer chromatographic systems, consistent with the conclusion that thymodylate Synthetase is composed of two subunits with identical primary structures.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of static, cylindrically symmetric solutions of the combined Einstein-Maxwell field equations is given, which consists of extended distributions of matter with surface electric currents and magnetic fields outside the matter.
Abstract: Models of static, cylindrically symmetric solutions of the combined Einstein-Maxwell field equations are given. These models consist of extended distributions of matter with surface electric currents and magnetic fields outside the matter. The electric currents serve as sources of the magnetic fields; the distribution of matter as well as the magnetic fields serve as sources of the gravitational field. The magnetic lines of force may be parallel to the axis or circular and centered on the axis. The matter distribution is cylindrically symmetric and may be contained within a central cylinder or a tube centered about the axis. All ordinary physical and geometric requirements are satisfied by the models.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this article, 13 C NMR spectra have been obtained for a series of fluoroethylenes and for fluoroacetylene and compared with theoretical values obtained using SCF perturbation theory with a slightly extended set of gauge invariant atomic orbitals.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of various parameters on the growth rate of lead dendrites in gels was investigated and it was shown that a parabolic growth law was observed in all cases.
TL;DR: Polyamino acids were thermally prepared from the proportions of amino acids identified among the products of simulated prebiotic syntheses and in lunar and meteoritic samples to make conclusions concerning the composition of prebiotics protein and the possible extraterrestrial existence of protein-like polymers.
Abstract: Polyamino acids were thermally prepared from the proportions of amino acids identified (sometimes after hydrolysis) among the products of simulated prebiotic syntheses and (after hydrolysis) in lunar and meteoritic samples. Inferences are made concerning the composition of prebiotic protein and the possible extraterrestrial existence of protein-like polymers.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the I.r. spectra of liquid and gaseous phenylsilane, d 3 groups and their derivatives have been analyzed in detail, and 39 fundamental vibrations have been assigned by consideration of previous assignments for the phenyl moiety, depolarization ratios and vapor-phase I.R. band contours.
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical and experimental investigation of combined free and forced, laminar, non-Newtonian convection has been carried out, where heat transfer to a power law fluid with an initially fully developed velocity profile flowing upward through a constant wall temperature vertical, circular tube was studied.
TL;DR: The question "Who Am I?" (WAI?) has generated considerable research by social psychologists concerned with self phenomena as mentioned in this paper, which is the basis for the Self Theory (SHT).
Abstract: The question “Who Am I?” (WAI?) has generated considerable research by social psychologists concerned with self phenomena. “Self theory,” from which the “WAI?” technique was derived, hypothesizes a...
TL;DR: The rotational spectrum of Cl3PO has been investigated in the region 18.0-40.0 GHz as discussed by the authors, and the rotational constants of the two asymmetric rotors, 35Cl237ClPO and 35Cl37Cl2PO, have been determined.
Book•
01 Jan 1972TL;DR: A list of Maps, Illustrations, and Photographs can be found in this paper, along with an editor's foreword to the third edition of the Third Edition of the book.
Abstract: Part 1 List of Maps, Illustrations, and Photographs Part 2 Preface Part 3 Acknowledgments Part 4 Editor's Foreword to the Third Edition Part 5 Foreword to the Second Edition Part 6 Foreword to the First Edition Part 7 Acronyms and Abbreviations Part 8 Chronology of Events Part 9 Introduction Part 10 THE DICTIONARY Part 11 Bibliography Part 12 About the Author
TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that Azotobacter vinelandii cells grown in liquid medium containing no CaCO3, but in which the pH was controlled by addition of 0.1m KOH, were not resistant to desiccation.
Abstract: Cyst formation in liquid cultures ofAzotobacter vinelandii could be raised to 90% by including 0.6% CaCO3 in the Burk's basal salts solution. The cysts were resistant to desiccation and possessed exine and intine capsular components when observed by electron microscopy of ultrathin sections. Cells grown in liquid medium containing no CaCO3, but in which the pH was controlled by addition of 0.1m KOH, were not resistant to desiccation. The capsular material was loosely aggregated and not organized into the typical coat structure. The culture supernatant fluid became viscous and could be precipitated with CaCl2, yielding a thick, polysaccharide-like gel. Calcium carbonate in the liquid encystment medium served both as a means of acid neutralization and as a source of calcium ions. Calcium ions appear to be structural units necessary for coordination of the coat components into the rigid cyst structure. Other metal ions examined could not substitute effectively for calcium in the encysting system.
TL;DR: In this article, the microwave spectra of (CH3)3Si35Cl, (CH 3 )3Si37Cl and (CD3 )3 Si37Cl have been recorded from 12.5 to 40.0 GHz.
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TL;DR: The intertidal zone is a narrow fringe of land between the ocean and land, which is alternately exposed to air and covered by water as discussed by the authors, and is not homogeneous in structure or in physical, chemical, or biotic characteristics.
Abstract: The intertidal zone is a narrow fringe of land between the ocean and land, which is alternately exposed to air and covered by water. It is not homogeneous in structure or in physical, chemical, or biotic characteristics. Many schemes of classification have been proposed for the intertidal zone, but probably the most universally accepted and most logical system is based on the nature of the substratum. Because intertidal zone organisms are intimately associated with the substratum, they are often identified as being attached to, or burrowed into, a particular bottom type. In general three major types of habitats are recognized: rocky shores, sandy beaches, and mud-flats. These habitats are found on the edge of the open ocean and bordering protected regions such as harbors and estuaries. All major types may be found close to one another and show varying degrees of intermixing. For example, a rocky shore may be adjacent to a sandy beach, and the transition area between may consist of rocks ranging from large boulders to small stones to various-sized large sand grains. Because microhabitats occur within each microenvironment, a complex terminology and system of classification of intertidal subunits has evolved. This subject, however, is not central to the physiological theme of this book, and the reader is referred to the following references for a review of the subject: rocky intertidal zone, Stephenson and Stephenson (1949); Doty (1957); Southward (1958); and Lewis (1964); sandy beaches, Hedgpeth (1957); Swedmark (1964); and Jansson (1967 a, b); and mud-flats, Carriker (1967); and Postma (1967).
TL;DR: In this paper, the microwave spectrum of methylbromoform has been reported in the region between 12,400 and 40,000 MHz and the rotational constants have been found to be B = 1072.7 for CH 3 C 79 Br 2 81 Br, A = 1065.3 and B = 1050.8 MHz for CH3 C 81 Br 3, with the assumption of the methyl group structure and the r (CC) distance.
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of the variation of the distribution coefficients of thenoyltrifluoro-tone (HTTA) and Sm with time has been made in the synergistic system kerosine/HTTA/tributylphosphate (TBP)/dilute HNO3, and the results indicate that the phenomena of antagonism or antisynergism which takes place at TBP concentrations above 0.1 M is due to the large reduction of the free HTTA-enol in the organic phase and to a much lesser extent to
Abstract: A study of the variation of the distribution coefficients of thenoyltrifluoro-tone (HTTA) and Sm with time has been made in the synergistic system kerosine/HTTA/tributylphosphate (TBP)/dilute HNO3. The results indicate that the phenomena of antagonism or antisynergism which takes place at TBP concentrations above 0.1 M is due to the large reduction of the free HTTA-enol in the organic phase and to a much lesser extent to the reduction of the free TBP concentration in the same phase through the formation of HTTA-H2O and HTTA-H2O-TBP, respectively. Equations which allow calculation of the free HTTA-enol and free TBP are developed.
TL;DR: Chapman, D. R., and Carrier, E. S. as discussed by the authors, "An Analysis of Base Pressure at Supersonic Velocities and Comparison with Experiment," Rept. 1051, 1951, NACA.
Abstract: References 1 Chapman, D. R., "An Analysis of Base Pressure at Supersonic Velocities and Comparison with Experiment," Rept. 1051, 1951, NACA. 2 Love, E. S., "Base Pressure at Supersonic Speeds on TwoDimensional Airfoils and on Bodies of Revolution with and without Fins Having Turbulent Boundary Layers," TN 3819, Jan. 1957, NACA. 3 Whiffield, J. D. and Potter, J. L., "On Base Pressures at High Reynolds Numbers and Hypersonic Mach Numbers," AEDC TN 60-61, March 1960, Arnold Engineering Development Center, Tullahoma, Tenn. 4 Potter, J. L., Whitfield, J. D., and Strike, W. T., "Transition Measurements and the Correlation of Transition Sensitive Data," AEDC TR 59-4, Feb. 1959, Arnold Engineering Development Center, Tullahoma, Tenn. 5 Cassanto, J. M., "Base Pressure Results at M — 4 Using FreeFlight and Sting-Supported Models," AIAA Journal, Vol. 6, No. 7, July 1968, pp. 1411-1414. 6 Bogdonoff, S. M., "A Preliminary Study of Reynolds Number Effects on Base Pressure at M = 2.95," Journal of Aeronautical Sciences, Vol. 19, No. 3, March 1952, pp. 201-206. 7 Kurzweg, H. H., "Interrelationship Between Boundary Layer and Base Pressure," Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, Vol. 18, No. 11, Nov. 1951, pp. 743-748. 8 Crocco, L. and Lees, L., "A Mixing Theory for the Interaction Between Dissipative Flows and Nearly Isentropic Streams," Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, Vol. 19, No. 10, Oct. 1952, pp. 649-676. 9 Cassanto, J. M., "Radial Base Pressure Gradients in Laminar Flow," AIAA Journal, Vol. 5, No. 12, Dec. 1967, pp. 2278-2279. 10 Cassanto, J. M. and Hoyt, T. L., "Flight Results Showing the Effect of Mass Addition on Base Pressure," TIS 70SD248, March 1970, General Electric Company, Re-Entry and Environmental Systems Division, Philadelphia, Pa.; also AIAA Journal, Vol. 8, No. 9, Sept. 1970, pp. 1705-1707. 11 Cassanto, J. M., "Effect of Cone Angle and Bluntness Ratio on Base Pressure," AIAA Journal, Vol. 3, No. 12, Dec. 1965, pp. 23512352. 12 Cassanto, J. M. and Storer, E. M., "A Revised Technique for Predicting the Base Pressure of Sphere Cone Configurations in Turbulent Flow Including Mass Addition Effects," ALFM 68-41, Oct. 1968, General Electric Company, Re-Entry and Environmental Systems Division, Philadelphia, Pa. 13 Sherman, M. M., and Nakamura, T., "Flight Test Measurements of Boundary Layer Transition on a Non-Ablating 22° Cone," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 7, No. 2, Feb. 1970, pp. 137-142 14 Ames Research Staff, "Equations, Tables, and Charts for Compressible Flow," Rept. 1135, 1953, NACA.