Showing papers by "University of South Carolina published in 1980"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the standardization data for a brief behavioral inventory of child conduct problem behaviors, which was completed by the parents of 512 children (56% boys) ages 2 to 12.
Abstract: This study presents the standardization data for a brief behavioral inventory of child conduct problem behaviors. The 36 item Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) was completed by the parents of 512 children (56% boys) ages 2 to 12. The psychometric characteristics of ECBI indicated that it is a reliable (.86 to .98) and valid instrument whose normally distributed scale is sensitive to a broad range of behavioral variability on the conduct problem dimension. Boys were reported to evidence more conduct problems than girls (p < .001; and mothers consistently reported more problem behaviors than fathers (p < .001). The relative consistency of ECBI scores across ages suggested that a conduct disorder is independent of stages in the child's development. It was suggested that conduct problem behavior is a manifestation of the interaction between the parent and child. The ECBI provides a psycho‐metrically sound parent‐report instrument to be used as an adjunct to observational methods in the treatment...
561 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigated some systematic procedures through which a framework of mutual orientation between speaker and hearer is achieved and oriented to within the turn at talk. But they did not consider the non-verbal behavior of the speaker and non-vocal actions of the hearer.
Abstract: This paper will investigate some systematic procedures through which a framework of mutual orientation between speaker and hearer is achieved and oriented to within the turn at talk. In so far as both the vocal actions of the speaker and the nonvocal actions of the hearer will be examined, data for this analysis consist of videotapes of actual conversations recorded in a range of natural settings. Natural speech is frequently considered a poor source of data for the analysis of linguistic structure (see, for example, Chomsky, 1965, pp. 3-4). Specifically, sentences produced within it are regularly found to be impaired in a variety of ways. Thus a sample of natural speech will contain not only well-formed grammatical sentences-
495 citations
TL;DR: The arrangement and distribution of connective tissue in six different skeletal muscles and smooth muscle was examined by scanning electron microscopy to explain differences in the mechanical properties of the different muscle.
Abstract: The arrangement and distribution of connective tissue in six different skeletal muscles and smooth muscle was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The endomysial arrangement of collagen was similar in all types of muscle and consisted of three components: (1) myocyte-myocyte connectives; (2) myocyte-capillary connectives; and (3) a weave network of collagen intimately associated with the basal laminae of the myocytes. The perimysium of the different muscles was qualitatively similar but quantitatively dissimilar. The perimysium consisted consisted of large tendon-like bundles of interwoven collagen which connected with the dense weave collagen that surrounded groups of muscles. The arrangement of the collagen in the perimysium and endomysium would explain differences in the mechanical properties of the different muscle. The contribution of the connective tissue to mechanical properties of muscle is discussed.
358 citations
TL;DR: The morphological components of ebb-tidal deltas include a main ebb channel flanked by linear bars on either side and a terminal sand lobe at the seaward end as discussed by the authors.
324 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the structuralist view of social phenomena is criticised and a criticism of the individualist position is made. But, as the authors point out, American sociologists are largely unfamiliar with a structuralist (sociological) view of the social phenomena and the two approaches are so far apart and employ such different terminologies and definitions that they would be more accurately conceived as different fields of study.
Abstract: American sociology has been dominated by an individualist, psychologistic perspective. This dominance has been so pervasive that American sociologists are generally unfamiliar with a sociological apprehension of social phenomena. That is, American sociologists are largely unfamiliar with the structuralist (sociological) view of social phenomena. The two approaches are so far apart and employ such different terminologies and definitions that they would be more accurately conceived as two entirely different fields of study. This essay attempts to draw out some of the differences between the structuralist and the individualist perspectives and to offer a criticism of the individualist position. The critical aspects of the essay are intended to clarify for individualist sociologists just why structuralists regard individualism not only as a dead end, but, indeed, not even as sociology.
323 citations
TL;DR: A seasonal reconstruction of the Indian Ocean during the last glacial maximum (∼18,000 yr B.P.) reveals that its surface circulation and sea surface temperature patterns were significantly different from the modern Indian Ocean as discussed by the authors.
280 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1980268 citations
264 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the possible diffusion of new war participations during the 1946-65 era and developed a theoretical argument to yield more precise expectations about when, where, why, and how diffusion processs might operate.
Abstract: The discussion reports the results of an examination of the possible diffusion of new war participations during the 1946–65 era. A theoretical argument is developed to yield more precise expectations about when, where, why, and how diffusion processs might operate. Four diffusion-related processes (positive spatial diffusion, positive reinforcement, negative spatial diffusion, and negative reinforcement) are discussed and analyzed. A series of simple turnover tables and a focus on nations' borders are used to go beyond the authors' previous stochastic modeling efforts. The results provide strong evidence that is consistent with both the authors' theoretical argument and the general war diffusion hypothesis. The analyses seem to indicate that certain types of wars may indeed have tended to diffuse across space from one nation to another between 1946 and 1965.
245 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of different types of social support on the adjustment of first time parents in the postpartum period were explored, and the importance of a particular type of support may be different for fathers and mothers.
Abstract: The study explored the effects of different types of social support on the adjustment of first time parents in the postpartum period. At three months and nine months postpartum, questionnaires were filled out by 18 fathers and 23 mothers who attended parenting groups, and 23 mothers and 24 fathers in a comparison group. Four types of early postpartum social support (parenting group, marital instrumental, marital emotional, and network) were related to later postpartum adjustment (well-being, marital interaction, and parental sense of competence). The results suggest that the importance of a particular type of support may be different for fathers and mothers. Parenting group support and emotional marital support were found to be related to well-being, marital interaction, and parental competence for fathers. Emotional marital and network support were positively related to well-being and marital interaction for mothers. Implications for the provision of support by the naturally occurring informal networks of family and friends, and by specific group support systems were suggested. The limitations of the impact of social support and its assessment were discussed.
195 citations
TL;DR: The meiobenthos of this habitat is described as a well-dispersed and dynamic community able to rapidly adjust to small-scale disturbances, but may not recover from all disturbances, because resilience was only determined for a limited physical disturbance.
TL;DR: This paper developed a failure process model that can help managers to under-estimate the importance of business failures, which can be used to improve the performance of failure detection and prevention. But failure detection is difficult and time consuming.
Abstract: Only recently have academicians and practitioners realized the importance of a systematic analysis of business failures. The authors develop a failure process model that can help managers to unders...
TL;DR: In this article, formal cultural procedures utilized by urban black female children to construct a type of gossip dispute they call "he-said-she-said" are analyzed, which produces utterances with a characteristic syntactic structure as well as a field of activity constituted through particular types of events, actions, and identities for the participants and rules for sequencing these phenomena through time.
Abstract: Formal cultural procedures utilized by urban black female children to construct a type of gossip dispute they call “he-said-she-said” are analyzed. The procedures employed to construct opening accusations produce utterances with a characteristic syntactic structure as well as a field of activity constituted through particular types of events, actions, and identities for the participants and rules for sequencing these phenomena through time. These procedures thus generate not only linguistic structures but also social configurations and cultural events, [conversation analysis, social organization, ethnography of communication, legal anthropology, Black English Vernacular]
TL;DR: The fall and winter population of larval fish in a small intertidal creek was measured, and the greatest larval abundance occurred in February and March.
Abstract: The fall and winter population of larval fish in a small intertidal creek was measured. The creek was blocked at high tide, and the immature fish were captured in a channel net designed for consistent quantitative sampling as they left with the ebbing tide. A total of 573,739 individuals with a biomass (preserved wet weight) of 66.1 kg were captured during the eight month sampling period (October 1974–May 1975). Twelve families, 13 genera, and 16 species were represented, with five species comprising 99.3% of the fish captured. The five species were:Leiostomus xanthurus (53.5%),Lagodon rhomboides (31.7%),Brevoortia tyrannus (11.9%),Micropogon undulatus (1.7%), andMyrophis punctatus (0.5%). The net was efficient, the catch was seasonal, and the greatest larval abundance occurred in February and March.
TL;DR: Evidence is presented which suggests that the fibrous material of the subcupular meshwork is incorporated into the otolith as an organic matrix constituent.
Abstract: The sagitta otolithic membrane of Fundulus heteroclitus consists of two different zones. A structured zone (gelatinous layer), which usually exhibits a reticulated or honeycomb-like architecture, is composed of tightly arranged fibrous material and covers only the sensory region of the macula. The gelatinous layer extends from the otolith surface to the tips of the sensory hairs, and probably functions primarily as a mechanoreceptor. The arrangement of this zone is closely associated with specific overlying structural features of the otolith surface and may also influence the pattern of mineral deposition to some degree. A nonstructured zone (subcupular meshwork) consists of fibers in very loose networks and covers both sensory and nonsensory regions of the macula. Over the sensory region, some of this fibrous material extends from the epithelial surface, through pores in the gelatinous layer, to the surface of the overlying otolith. In the nonsensory region, fibers of the subcupular meshwork are relatively more numerous and extend around the peripheral margin of the otolith. Evidence is presented which suggests that the fibrous material of the subcupular meshwork is incorporated into the otolith as an organic matrix constituent. New aspects on the ultrastructure of the otolith are presented and discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated factors associated with initial participation and nonparticipation in a block organization meeting in an urban neighborhood, including perception of problems on the block, sense of community, neighbor behaviors, importance of the block and personal ability to change the block.
Abstract: This prospective study investigated factors associated with initial participation and nonparticipation in a block organization meeting in an urban neighborhood. Factors influencing initial participation included perception of problems on the block, sense of community, neighboring behaviors, importance of the block, perception of personal ability to change the block, and locus of control. These factors are related to a conceptual framework of participation in community organizations which suggests the importance of an interaction of community and individual difference characteristics in influencing participation. The concept of participation potential and implications for community organizing are discussed. Participation by citizens and users represents an important concept and strategy for planners, designers, community organizers, and government officials. However, many opportunities for participation are met with little enthusiasm or cooperation by citizens. Concern for obtaining participation has become more prominent in the urban environment with the growth of the "neighborhood movement." In this article, we describe an exploratory investigation of participation
TL;DR: It is suggested that self-disclosure and parental interpersonal intimacy may be fundamental factors in marital adjustment which merit further research.
Abstract: A random sample of 50 adults in the general population received an open ended interview regarding their concepts of intimacy. A second random sample of 24 couples from the general population and 24 clinical couples received a standardized interview in which concepts of intimacy were systematically rated to develop an operational definition of the dimensions of intimacy. Self-disclosure was identified as a fundamental aspect of intimacy in interpersonal relationships and marriage. Expression of affection, compatibility, cohesion, identity, and the ability to resolve conflict were also considered important aspects of intimacy. Sexual satisfaction was considered less important than previous definitions of intimacy have suggested. The perception of his or her parents' level of intimacy was thought to influence the subject's own interpersonal relationships. Couples with marital maladjustment and/or psychiatric illness were less aware of aspects of their marriage which influence intimacy. They more frequently disagreed that sexuality influenced their level of intimacy. The study suggests that self-disclosure and parental interpersonal intimacy may be fundamental factors in marital adjustment which merit further research.
TL;DR: In this article, the significance of intimate relationships is shown to morally insulate persons in such relationships from state obtrusions, and not just a concern for the best interest of the child, which is essential to understanding the basis of the parents' moral claim to raise their biological offspring in a context of privacy, autonomy, and responsibility.
Abstract: Because moral and social philosophy have concentrated almost exclusively on abstract relationships between people, emphasizing either individual autonomy or general social well-being, certain key aspects of our moral experience—those aspects which deal with intimate relation- ships--have been virtually ignored. It is with this relatively untilled terrain of intimate relationships that the following analysis is concerned. Specifically, I try to show (1) why traditional categories employed by philosophers misrepresent moral features of intimate relationships; (2) that the significance of intimate relationships is such as to morally insulate persons in such relationships from state obtrusions; and (3) that it is the significance of intimacy, and not just a concern for the best interest of the child, that is essential to understanding the basis of the parents’ moral claim to raise their biological offspring in a context of privacy, autonomy, and responsibility.
TL;DR: The shape of the dissolved 226 Ra vs. salinity profile is influenced by the river discharge in Winyah Bay, South Carolina, and in the adjacent Atlantic Ocean are augmented by the desorption of radium from sediments in the low-salinity area of the estuary and diffusion from bottom sediments as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss two related issues pertaining to the foundations of relativistic quantum field theories, namely the question of observables and the issue of physical states, and they find that it is not possible to define the quantum state of a system in a system with respect to a measurement, because in this latter case no consistent description of how the state changes as the result of a measurement can be developed.
Abstract: We discuss two related issues pertaining to the foundations of relativistic quantum field theories. First: the question of observables; more particularly the question of what constraints, if any, are imposed upon the set of observables by the requirement of relativistic microcausality. It turns out that this requirement is in fact considerably less restrictive than has been supposed in the past. Second: the issue of physical states. We find that, in contrast to the nonrelativistic case, it is not possible to define the quantum state of a system in relativistic quantum field theories, because in this latter case no consistent description of how the state changes as the result of a measurement can be developed.
TL;DR: This article examined trade and foreign policy relations between the United States and the 25 nations that were trade dependent upon it between 1950 and 1973 and found that the trade vulnerability of the dependent countries leads to their compliance, albeit selective, with U.S. foreign policy preferences.
Abstract: It is widely believed that asymmetrical economic interdependence affords political leverage on foreign policy whereas symmetrical economic transactions generally do not. A more recent impression is that “vulnerability” (as opposed to mere “sensitivity”) dependence identifies those particular asymmetrical economic ties that create political opportunity. We adopt these distinctions to test the proposition that asymmetrical trade vulnerability compromises the foreign policy behavior of the more dependent of two partners. We examine trade and foreign policy relations between the United States and the 25 nations that were trade dependent upon it between 1950 and 1973. Time-series data for trade and selected roll calls of the UN General Assembly permit cross-sectional and longitudinal tests of the underlying political economy proposition. The evidence is consistent with the expectation that the asymmetrical trade vulnerability of the dependent countries leads to their compliance, albeit selective, with U.S. foreign policy preferences. On roll calls not salient to the United States, dependent countries are no more in accord with the United States than are the remaining Assembly members. Our data reinforce the tentative conclusions of two studies that were exclusively cross-sectional. Even so, there is some indication that trade sensitivity has no systematic political repercussions. The last interpretation lends quantitative support to an interdependence thesis that has previously relied upon case study evidence.
TL;DR: In this paper, an empirical study assessed anticipated reactions to foreign visitors in an area being considered for a tourism development program and found that over 11% of the 846 respondents anticipated negative reactions within their residential community.
TL;DR: In this article, the development and physical aspects of room temperature phosphorescence are reviewed in the first part of a two-part series, and the effects of the sample matrix on certain phosphorescent properties, such as lifetime, intensity and spectral characteristics, are mentioned.
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: Evidence at the individual, population and ecosystem levels supports the contention that filter feeders are probably a significant coupling between the water column and the benthos, and hypothesize that benthic filter feeder are a major controlling element in marsh-estuarine nutrient cycling.
Abstract: Benthic filter feeders are capable of translocating and transforming large quantities of matter from the estuarine water column. Evidence at the individual, population and ecosystem levels supports the contention that filter feeders are probably a significant coupling between the water column and the benthos. We hypothesize that benthic filter feeders are a major controlling element in marsh-estuarine nutrient cycling.
TL;DR: Variations in the volumetric concentrations of Al2O3 and TiO2 (in g cm−3) as a function of bulk density for 18 different saprolite suites strongly suggest that significant mobilization of Al and Ti during weathering is more common than is generally assumed as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: Comparisons of the blood ethanol elimination rate in the two strains indicated that, at high blood ethanol concentrations, non-ADH mediated pathways may account for as much as two-thirds of normal ethanol elimination in this species.
TL;DR: A tapping speed accuracy trade-off method was employed in which subjects pressed both “yes” and “no” keys every.4 seconds, beginning during the blank interval.
TL;DR: The rapidly developing technique of room temperature phosphorimetry is discussed from a practical analytical standpoint in this paper, where basic factors concerning the technique such as methods of sample preparation, special instrumentation employed, and quantitative capability are presented, together with a listing of the variety of organic compounds reported to display room temperature phorescence.
TL;DR: In this article, conditions on the memory functions were deduced which imply that the L2 norms of such induction fields are bounded away from zero even as the damping grows in an unbounded manner.