Showing papers by "University of Southern California published in 1974"
TL;DR: This correspondence establishes lower bounds on how small the cross correlation and autocorrelation can simultaneously be.
Abstract: Some communication systems require sets of signals with impulse-like autocorrelation functions and small cross correlation. There is considerable literature on signals with impulse-like autocorrelation functions hut little on sets of signals with small cross correlation. A possible reason is that designers put too severe a restriction on cross correlation magnitudes. This correspondence establishes lower bounds on how small the cross correlation and autocorrelation can simultaneously be.
1,451 citations
TL;DR: A mixing layer is formed by bringing two streams of water, moving at different velocities, together in a lucite-walled channel as mentioned in this paper, where dye is injected between the two streams just before they are brought together, marking the vorticitycarrying fluid.
Abstract: A mixing layer is formed by bringing two streams of water, moving at different velocities, together in a lucite-walled channel. The Reynolds number, based on the velocity difference and the thickness of the shear layer, varies from about 45, where the shear layer originates, to about 850 at a distance of 50 cm. Dye is injected between the two streams just before they are brought together, marking the vorticity-carrying fluid. Unstable waves grow, and fluid is observed to roll up into discrete two-dimensional vortical structures. These turbulent vortices interact by rolling around each other, and a single vortical structure, with approximately twice the spacing of the former vortices, is formed. This pairing process is observed to occur repeatedly, controlling the growth of the mixing layer. A simple model of the mixing layer contains, as the important elements controlling growth, the degree of non-uniformity in the vortex train and the ‘lumpiness’ of the vorticity field.
1,335 citations
TL;DR: Preliminary results of retrospective morphological studies indicate that over 70% of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas involve cleaved or noncleaved follicular center cell (FCC) or B cell types, and nodularity is observed only with FCC types.
Abstract: The immunologic and morphological approach of our recently proposed functional classification of malignant lymphomas based on the T and B cell systems and lymphocyte transformation has been reviewed. Preliminary results of our retrospective morphological studies indicate: 1) Over 70% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas involve cleaved or noncleaved follicular center cell (FCC) or B cell types. 2) Nodularity is observed only with FCC types and suggest origin in follicular centers as a block or a “switch on” (derepression) in B cell lymphocyte transformation. 3) Lymphomas of “true” histiocytes appear rare and need to be redefined with functional studies since those previously regarded as histiocytic are indistinguishable morphologically from transformed lymphocytes. 4) Lymphomas of large transformed lymphocytes, “immunoblastic sarcoma” of B and T cell types, have been observed to develop in abnormal immune states and senescence and represent a distinctive entity. Ideal characterization of lymphomas using integrated morphological, cytochemical, and immunologic membrane marker studies has been outlined, and preliminary results of this approach provide support for our new proposal.
1,022 citations
TL;DR: A tumor cell line was derived from the fibrosarcoma of a 35‐year‐old Caucasian man who died without having received chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and an aberrant karyology with marker chromosomes was present.
Abstract: A tumor cell line was derived from the fibrosarcoma of a 35-year-old Caucasian man who died without having received chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The in vitro growth properties and transplantability into antithymocytic sera treated mice were characteristic of these malignant cells. An aberrant karyology with marker chromosomes was present. No virus particles were detected. Cancer 33:1027-1033, 1974. ERMANENT CELL LINES FROM ANIMAL TISSUES P were established as early as 1948.23 Most of these were originated from malignant tissues. Although a number of human cell lines have been established in vitro, very few fibrosarcoma cell lines have been described. As far as we are aware, there are reports of approximately eight cell lines derived from osteogenic sarcomas,1,4,Q,10,13,~1 two on rhabdomyosarcoma,12)26 three on liposarcoma,1.9.10 and one each on giant cell sarcomas,l Kaposi's sarcoma,* neurogenic sarcoma,26 synovioma,lO and fibrosarcoma.l The rest of the reported cell lines are all carcinomas. Only a few of these sarcoma cell lines have been fully studied and characterized. In this paper we describe the properties of a tumor cell line (HT1080) derived from a fibrosarcoma of a human male.
676 citations
TL;DR: Two key words characterize the uniqueness of skin lipids: complexity and perversity: each suggests a function.
Abstract: Two key words characterize the uniqueness of skin lipids: complexity and perversity. Each suggests a function. Complexity manifests itself in the large number and variety of both saturated and unsaturated fatty chains synthesized by human skin. Functionally, this allows each individual to have a distinct odor or chemical fingerprint. Perversity manifests itself when one compares the lipids synthesized by skin with those synthesized by internal tissues. For example, skin makes odd instead of only even chains, branched instead of only straight chains, free instead of only esterified acids, places double bonds in unusual positions in the fatty chains, extends chains to extreme lengths, and accumulates intermediates in the synthesis of a biologically valuable compound such as cholesterol. Functionally, these products may pose metabolic problems to potential pathogens and thus contribute to the survival of only compatible microorganisms.
556 citations
TL;DR: The authors argue that contrastive analysis apriori is inadequate as an account of target language learning problems and claim that the only tenable version of CA is an aposteriori approach, i.e. CA in just those areas that have been proven by error analysis to be difficulties in production.
Abstract: Presently, a number of proponents of an error analysis approach to the investigation of 2nd language learning argue that contrastive analysis (CA) apriori is inadequate as an account of target language learning problems. They claim that the only tenable version of CA is an aposteriori approach, i.e. CA in just those areas that have been proven by error analysis to be difficulties in production. This claim is disputed in a study involving the acquisition of English relative clauses by speakers of Persian, Arabic, Chinese, and Japanese. The aposteriori approach obscured the fact that the Chinese and Japanese learners have more difficulty with relative clauses and therefore avoid them, a fact predicted by the apriori approach.
509 citations
TL;DR: The authors favor the diagnosis of primary malignant lymphoma of the CNS rather than that of “reticulum cell sarcoma” or “microgliomatosis” used in the past.
Abstract: Eighty-three cases of primary malignant lymphomas of the central nervous system (CNS) from the files of the AFIP were studied according to various clinical and pathologic parameters. The histologic patterns observed are analogous to those seen in the spectrum of malignant lymphomas arising in the reticuloendothelial system of other organs. The authors favor the diagnosis of primary malignant lymphoma of the CNS rather than that of “reticulum cell sarcoma” or “microgliomatosis” used in the past. Lesions are frequently multifocal, and surgery, other than for diagnostic biopsy, is not usually beneficial. The clinical course can be significantly prolonged by radiation therapy.
492 citations
TL;DR: In 310 patients, divided into groups receiving penicillin and streptomycin, cephalothin, or no antibiotics, culture specimens were taken at four stages of triage, and a correlation was made between retrieval of bacteria after injury and incidence of infection.
Abstract: In 310 patients, divided into groups receiving penicillin and streptomycin, cephalothin, or no antibiotics, culture specimens were taken at four stages of triage, and each patient was followed and observed for infection. A correlation was made between retrieval of bacteria after injury and incidence of infection. In control patients the incidence of infection was 13.9 per cent while in the group receiving penicillin and streptomycin it was 9.7 per cent, the difference not being statistically significant. The group of patients receiving cephalothin had a significantly lower infection rate of 2.3 per cent.
446 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the deformation criterion for viscous glide is given by Bσ 2 k 2 (1 − v γ Gb 3 > T 2 e 2 cb 6 where B ∼ 8 × 1012, σ is the applied stress, k is Boltzmann's constant, v is Poisson's ratio, γ is the stacking fault energy, G is the shear modulus, b is the Burgers vector, T is the absolute temperature, e is the solute-solvent size difference, and c is the concentration
405 citations
TL;DR: An extension to the basic concept of correlation detection as a means of image registration is developed that utilizes the spatial correlation within each image and greatly improves the detectability of image misregistration.
Abstract: An extension to the basic concept of correlation detection as a means of image registration is developed. The technique involves linear spatial preprocessing of the inages to be registered prior to the application of a correlation measure. This preprocessing operation utilizes the spatial correlation within each image and greatly improves the detectability of image misregistration. An analysis of the computational aspects of the algorithm is given. Also, results of a computer simulation to evaluate the technique are given.
366 citations
TL;DR: Magnetic optical activity (MOA) is induced in all matter by a longitudinal magnetic field as discussed by the authors, and it is a very active field of research in chemistry, physics, and biophysics.
Abstract: Magnetic optical activity (MOA) is induced in all matter by a longitudinal magnetic field. Magnetic optical rotation (MOR, the Faraday effect) and mag netic circular dichroism (MCD) arise respectively from the difference in refrac tive indices and absorption coefficients of left and right circularly polarized (CP) light due to the applied magnetic field. MOR occurs in both transparent and absorbing spectral regions ; MCD is an absorptive phenomenon only. MCD is the difference between left and right CP Zeeman spectra and provides no new information when the Zeeman components of a transition are resolved. However, MCD and MOR can be measured in broad bands where conventional Zeeman effects are undetectable, and their value lies essentially in extending the CP Zeeman experiment to broad spectra. At the beginning of the 1960s little was known about MOA in regions of broad absorption. Now, a decade later, the study of the dispersion of MOA through electronic absorption bands is a very active field of research in chemistry, physics, and biophysics. Instrumentation for the measurement of MOR and MCD and theoretical techniques for the analysis of MOR and MCD data have developed to a high level of sophistication. The nature of the phenomenon and the types of information to be obtained from its study are broadly understood. A general review of this field is therefore timely and is the purpose of this article. We discuss only MOA in absorbing regions and exclude MOR work in trans parent regions. The latter is (in principle) contributed to by all transitions of the system and is therefore generally less informative. Conventional CP Zeeman spectroscopy is also excluded. Emphasis is on MCD, since this has become the predominant technique; relevant MOR work is not excluded however. The scope of the article is determined by relevance to chemistry. Thus, color centers are discussed, since MOA work in this area has had a profound impact on work in chemistry; semiconductors, on the other hand, are excluded.
TL;DR: In this paper, the identification problem of linear dynamical systems is considered and the identiability of such an arbitrary parametrization is considered in several situations, assuming that the transfer function can be identified asymptotically, conditions are derived for local and global identifiability.
Abstract: We consider the problem of what parametrizations of linear dynamical systems are appropriate for identification (i.e., so that the identification problem has a unique solution, and all systems of a particular class can be represented). Canonical forms for controllable linear systems under similarity transformation are considered and it is shown that their use in identification may cause numerical difficulties, and an alternate approach is proposed which avoids these difficulties. Then it is assumed that the system matrices are parametrized by some unknown parameters from a priori system knowledge. The identiability of such an arbitrary parametrization is then considered in several situations. Assuming that the system transfer function can be identified asymptotically, conditions are derived for local and global identifiability. Finally, conditions for identifiability from the output spectral density are given for a system driven by unobserved white noise.
01 Nov 1974-Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science
TL;DR: In this article, the relative contributions of various deformation processes are estimated as a function of stress at different grain sizes, and a simple method of constructing these maps is presented, requiring only a knowledge of the relevant constitutive equations for the various mechanisms and a minimum of calculation.
Abstract: A new form of deformation mechanism map is introduced based on grain size. Maps are developed for pure aluminum at two different homologous temperatures, and the relative contributions of the various deformation processes are estimated as a function of stress at different grain sizes. A simple method of constructing these maps is presented, requiring only a knowledge of the relevant constitutive equations for the various mechanisms and a minimum of calculation.
TL;DR: A new unitary transform called the slant transform, specifically designed for image coding, has been developed, which possesses a discrete sawtoothlike basis vector which efficiently represents linear brightness variations along an image line.
Abstract: A new unitary transform called the slant transform, specifically designed for image coding, has been developed. The transformation possesses a discrete sawtoothlike basis vector which efficiently represents linear brightness variations along an image line. A fast computational algorithm has been found for the transformation. The slant transformation has been utilized in several transform image-coding systems for monochrome and color images. Computer simulation results indicate that good quality coding can be accomplished with about 1 to 2 bits/pixel for monochrome images and 2 to 3 bits/pixel for color images.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the solid-liquid interface shape is convex when it lies within the heater and concave when it lie within the cooler, and that the dependence of interface position on travel rate, geometry of the ampoule, and on the relative temperatures of the warmer and cooler increases as the effectiveness of heat transfer between ampoules and the surroundings diminishes and as the thermal conductivity of the material increases.
TL;DR: Three variables were found to significantly affect the final clinical results: the amount of talar displacement prior to reduction; the type of fracture; and the presence of rupture of the deltoid ligament.
Abstract: A method for the assessment of the accuracy of reduction in postreduction roentgenograms was developed. The final clinical results, one to 7.5 years after injury, were studied in 117 patients with 118 displaced bimalleolar or trimalleolar fractures at the ankle treated at the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center between January 1966 and December 1970. Three variables were found to significantly affect the final clinical results: (1) the amount of talar displacement prior to reduction; (2) the type of fracture; and (3) the presence of rupture of the deltoid ligament.
Patent•
05 Apr 1974TL;DR: In this paper, a flexible endoscope with a laser connected to the endoscope was used for simultaneous viewing and performance of surgery on the interior stomach wall. But the performance of the surgery was limited.
Abstract: A flexible endoscope with a laser connected thereto for simultaneous viewing and performance of surgery on the interior stomach wall. A low power laser operating in the visible light range with the laser beam directed to one or more individual fiber optic fibers carried on an endoscope for performing laser surgery within a body cavity from an external position. A protective and replaceable cap for the distal end of the laser fiber.
TL;DR: It is agreed that the definitive diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency depends on the demonstration of failure to respond to two stimuli, which two are most satisfactory is not settled and several points should be kept in mind.
Abstract: No suggested screening test meets all of the criteria set for such a procedure. The minimum incidence of a positive response in normal children detected in a single blood sample after diethylstilbestrol, sleep or exercise is approximately 70%. This is higher than that observed when a single sample is obtained following oral glucose. While both sleep and exercise are physiologic stimuli, the former may be quite inconvenient unless an outpatient facility staffed with appropriate personnel is available. An exercise test employed in the office may well be the best screening procedure for the practicing physician. The optimal criteria for a definitive test of growth hormone function are also not met by any single stimulus. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia, arginine infusion, intramuscular glucagon and oral 1-DOPA are all useful procedures. None alone discriminate completely between the normal and the growth hormone-deficient child. Despite potential hazards, insulin-induced hypoglycemia remains the standard against which other stimuli are judged. Arginine and 1-DOPA appear to be equally effective. The literature contains insufficient data to allow adequate evaluation of intramuscular glucagon alone, and the results of combined propranolol-glucagon stimulation, while promising, require confirmation. Because of an inconstant and/or small magnitude of response leading to results which are difficult to interpret, the use of glucose, pyrogen, vasopressin and ACTH are not adequate tests of growth hormone function. Bovril® is a satisfactory stimulus for those children who will take it. Those factors which modify the growth hormone response must be considered in evaluating the results of stimulation tests. Blunted responses should be interpreted with extreme caution in the obese child. A fasting growth hormone concentration ≥ 7 ng/ml is presumptive evidence of intact growth hormone function regardless of the subsequent response to stimulation. It is essential that patients be euthyroid in order to interpret the results of growth hormone function tests. Physiologic glucocorticoid replacement therapy should not confuse the interpretation of results. Whether or not pretreatment with sex steroids is worthwhile in the routine evaluation of children for suspected growth hormone deficiency is an open question. Although it is agreed that the definitive diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency depends on the demonstration of failure to respond to two stimuli, which two are most satisfactory is not settled. The sequential administration of arginine and insulin on the same day appears to limit significantly the incidence of false-positive laboratory diagnoses of growth hormone deficiency. The significance of intermediate values in response to stimulation remains unclear. Caution should be exercised in assigning a child to the category of partial growth hormone deficiency. This question must be answered ultimately by the response to HGH therapy in the individual patient. Finally, several points should be kept in mind. All of the tests described depend on the detection and quantitation of immunologically active HGH and biological activity is not necessarily associated with the material(s) being measured. Since many of the stimuli used in the evaluation of growth hormone function are clearly pharmacologic, the physiological significance of the response to such stimuli must be interpreted with caution. The best current evidence suggests that all of the stimuli described act through an intact hypothalamus and pituitary. Differentiation between hypothalamic and pituitary sites of defective growth hormone function awaits the availability of growth hormone-releasing factor(s).
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the motion of the mass of fluid ejected through a sharp-edged orifice by the motion a piston and show that the vorticity formed by viscous forces within the separated flow at the sharp edge rolls up to form a concentrated vortex which consists of a core of very fine scale turbulence surrounded by a co-moving bubble of much larger scale turbulence.
Abstract: We consider the motion of the mass of fluid ejected through a sharp-edged orifice by the motion of a piston. The vorticity formed by viscous forces within the separated flow at the sharp edge rolls up to form a concentrated vortex which, after a development period, consists of a core of very fine scale turbulence surrounded by a co-moving bubble of much larger scale turbulence. This bubble entrains outer fluid, mixes with it, and deposits the majority into a wake together with some small fraction of the total vorticity of the ring. Enough fluid is retained to account for the slow growth of the whole fluid mass. A theory which takes account of both the growth process and the loss of vorticity is proposed. By comparison with experimental measurements we have determined that the entrainment coefficient for turbulent vortex rings has a value equal to 0.011 ± 0.001, while their effective drag coefficient is 0.09 ± 0.01. These results seem to be independent of Reynolds number to within experimental accuracy.
TL;DR: The authors investigated the relationship between interaction behavior in a small group setting and the resulting perceptions group members have of one another, finding that the same interaction behavior may simultaneously result in both positive and negative perceptions on the part of other group members, suggesting that different interaction strategies are appropriate for varying desired personal outcomes.
Abstract: This study investigated the relationship between interaction behavior in a small group setting and the resulting perceptions group members have of one another. Trained raters coded the interaction behavior of subjects, who discussed a task-oriented topic in small groups. Results indicate that interaction behavior can account for a substantial percentage of the variance in group members’ perceptions of one another. Apparently, the same interaction behavior may simultaneously result in both more positive and more negative perceptions on the part of other group members, suggesting that different interaction strategies are appropriate for varying desired personal outcomes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of voltage shorting due to current electrodes and current shorting caused by Hall electrodes on van der Pauw's resistivity and Hall coefficient measurement was investigated.
Abstract: Effects on van der Pauw's resistivity and Hall coefficient measurement due to finite size contacts with selected shapes on a square sample were investigated. For the sheet resistivity measurement, correction factors for the apparent measured values at zero magnetic field were determined from both electrolytic tank experiments and computerized over-relaxation calculations. For the Hall coefficient, correction factors for the effect of voltage shorting due to current electrodes and for the effect of current shorting due to Hall electrodes were calculated (by use of a fast-convergent over-relaxation technique) through a range of Hall angle from tan θ = 0·1–0·5. The current shorting contribution to the correction factor at zero magnetic field was also closely estimated by use of an electrolytic tank. In the symmetrical structures studied the Hall errors introduced by the voltage and current electrodes were approximately equal. The study shows that contacts of appreciable size relative to that of the sample can be a good approximation to van der Pauw's infinitesimal contact. Thus, one can utilize the simplicity and other advantages of finite size ohmic contacts for these measurements in normal semiconductor materials evaulation and still obtain precise data by using the appropriate correction factors determined in this paper.
TL;DR: In this article, the infrared properties of a system of first-order-coupled phonons are analyzed and the dielectric function and the Raman line shape of the polariton modes are derived.
Abstract: The infrared properties of a system of first-order-coupled phonons are analyzed. The dielectric function and the Raman line shape of the polariton modes are derived. The parameters involved in the theory can be obtained from the Raman spectra of the TO and LO modes or from the Raman spectrum of the TO modes plus infrared-reflectivity measurements. It is shown that we can objectively distinguish real coupling from imaginary, contrary to the current belief. Numerical calculations are performed for the ${A}_{1}$-symmetry modes of tetragonal BaTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, with good agreement for the polariton shapes and complete disagreement for the infrared reflectivity; damage at the crystal surface is pointed out as the probable cause of the discrepancy. In addition to the coupling between the lowest and the middle mode, previously known, a much larger coupling between the middle mode and the highest is shown to exist. Both couplings are shown to be real or nearly so. The discrepancy between the dielectric constant created by the resonant modes (electronic plus phonons) and the value obtained by electrical measurements is interpreted as a new indication that the crystal has a dynamical disorder; this disorder could also be cause of an anomalous broadening observed in the lowest polariton.
TL;DR: It was concluded that use of the "tibial-plateau view" permits more accurate assessment of the initial depression and the effects of treatment.
Abstract: Based on a study of true lateral roentgenograms of the proximal ends of fifty normal tibiae, and on roentgenographic and direct measurements of anatomical specimens with experimentally depressed plateaus, it was demonstrated that the plane of the proximal articular surfaces of the tibia normally forms an angle of 76 ± 3.6 degrees with the tibial crest, and that an anteroposterior view made with the central ray directed at an angle of 105 degrees to the tibial crest (the approximate complement of the aforementioned 76-degree angle) permits the most accurate roentgenographic measurement of the depression. It was concluded that use of the "tibial-plateau view" permits more accurate assessment of the initial depression and the effects of treatment.
TL;DR: Extensive dating of the fossil corals associated with the Waimanalo shoreline on Oahu has shown that 120,000 years ago the ocean was approximately 7.6 meters above its present level, corroborating the notion that 120-000 years before the present was the last time during which the sea stood significantly higher than it does today.
Abstract: Extensive dating of the fossil corals associated with the Waimanalo shoreline on Oahu has shown that 120,000 years ago the ocean was approximately 7.6 meters above its present level. Corals grown during that time constitute a major portion of the subaerial reef-derived material on the island, with exposures ranging from about 10 meters to near sea level. This evidence corroborates the notion that 120,000 years before the present was the last time during which the sea stood significantly higher than it does today. The reported benches at 3.7, 1.5, and 0.6 meters, if not of Recent origin, could be features created by brief halts of the sea during rapid regression shortly after the Waimanalo high stand.
TL;DR: In this paper, the spatial variations in the second-order nonlinear susceptibility of a ZnSe polycrystal were used to generate images of its physical structure at the second harmonic frequency (532 nm) of an incident 1.06 μm laser beam.
TL;DR: Evidence from approximately 700 experiments and from underwater observations suggests that predation by fish has resulted in natural selection for noxious and toxic chemical compounds in species within these taxa.
Abstract: Toxicity in sponges and holothurians is inversely related to latitude and may reach 100 percent for holothurians in high-diversity coral reefs. Evidence from approximately 700 experiments and from underwater observations suggests that predation by fish has resulted in natural selection for noxious and toxic chemical compounds in species within these taxa.
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: The results of two complementary approaches for performing diagnostic screening for presence and profusion of coal worker's pneumoconiosis from the routine posterior-anterior chest radiograph are presented.
Abstract: The advent of increased government involvement in occupational health maintenance with compensation for affected individuals is requiring new approaches to medical decision making. One aspect of this involvement will perhaps include the automatic mass diagnostic screening of medical films for the detection of a specffic abnormality with an occupational etiology. The results of two complementary approaches for performing diagnostic screening for presence and profusion of coal worker's pneumoconiosis from the routine posterior-anterior chest radiograph are presented. The first is a digital approach utilizing the measurement of image texture, while the second uses hybrid optical-digital methods involving the optical Fourier tramsform. Both approaches yielded classification results comparable to experienced radiologists.
TL;DR: This work aims to demonstrate the efforts towards in-situ applicability of EMMARM, which aims to provide real-time information about the physical properties of EMTs and their applications in the treatment of cancer.
Abstract: t Laboratory o f Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia and Veterans Administration Hospital Augusta, Georgia 30902 $ Division of Chetnistry and Chemical Engineering, $$ California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91 109 5 Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty o f Agriculture Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine University of Skopje Skopje, Yugoslavia Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles and Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles. California 90027 * * Department of Hematology, Hadassah Medical School Hadassah University Hospital, Hebrew University Jerusalem, Israel