Showing papers by "University of Southern California published in 1977"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define the disturbance term as the sum of symmetric normal and (negative) half-normal random variables, and consider various aspects of maximum-likelihood estimation for the coefficients of a production function with an additive disturbance term of this sort.
8,058 citations
01 May 1977
TL;DR: Data is presented illustrating the application of multiattribute utility measurement to two specific instances: management of the coastal zone of the town of Venice, a part of Los Angeles, CA; and selection of research programs for the Office of Child Development, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Abstract: Arguments over public policy typically turn out to hinge on disagreements about public values. Often, those in conflict may agree about what the relevant dimensions of value are. The conflicts arise over the relative importance of various goals. Normally, such disagreements are fought out in the contexts of specific decisions, and so are fought out over and over again, at enormous social cost each time another decision must be made. This paper proposes a method that can spell out explicitly what each individual's or group's values are, showing how and how much they differ-and in the process can frequently reduce the extent of such differences. It presents data illustrating the application of this technology, multiattribute utility measurement, to two specific instances: management of the coastal zone of the town of Venice, a part of Los Angeles, CA; and selection of research programs for the Office of Child Development, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. In both cases, exploitation of multiattribute utility measurement permits the decisionmaking or regulatory agencies to shift their attention from the specific actions, being regulated to the values these actions serve and the decisionmaking mechanisms that implement these values. In the process, the data show that degree of disagreement about values among holders of conflicting value systems are often reduced.
903 citations
TL;DR: The role of personal values in consumer behavior has received relatively little attention as mentioned in this paper, which is surprising considering the importance typically assigned to values by a wide variety of social observers and businessmen alike.
Abstract: M ARKETERS have long acknowledged the importance of attitudes and attitude change in the study of marketing and consumer behavior, but the role of values has received relatively little attention. Even though the marketing literature reflects an emerging interest in the topic,1 personal values have not been widely used to investigate the underlying dimensions of consumer behavior. This is surprising considering the importance typically assigned to values by a wide variety of social observers and businessmen alike.2 While it seems that personal values have important implications for marketing practitioners and researchers, values and the ways in which they influence the behavior of consumers who look at and choose brands, product classes, and product attributes is not clear. In order to investigate these relationships, it is necessary to operationally define what values are, and to indicate empirical methods available for examining the connections between personal values and consumer behavior.
747 citations
TL;DR: Uranium concentrations and 234U/238U activity ratios have been determined in 63 seawater samples (nine vertical profiles) from the Atlantic, the Pacific, the Arctic, and the Antarctic oceans, using the alpha-spectrometric method for their determinations as discussed by the authors.
607 citations
589 citations
TL;DR: The experiments suggest that the formation of oxygen radicals followed by lipid peroxidation may be the basis for the cardiotoxic effects of these drugs.
536 citations
524 citations
TL;DR: Techniques for generating structured, symbolic descriptions of complex curved objects by segmenting them into simpler sub-parts by matching these descriptions with stored descriptions of models are presented.
475 citations
TL;DR: With the Delsarte-MacWilliams inequalities as a starting point, an upper bound is obtained on the rate of a binary code as a function of its minimum distance, which is asymptotically less than Levenshtein's bound and so also Elias's.
Abstract: With the Delsarte-MacWilliams inequalities as a starting point, an upper bound is obtained on the rate of a binary code as a function of its minimum distance. This upper bound is asymptotically less than Levenshtein's bound, and so also Elias's.
473 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents and discusses the application of an algebraic technique for the specification of abstract data types and presents examples of a top-down development of a symbol table for a block structured language.
Abstract: data types can play a significant role in the development of software that is reliable, efficient, and flexible. This paper presents and discusses the application of an algebraic technique for the specification of abstract data types. Among the examples presented is a top-down development of a symbol table for a block structured language; a discussion of the proof of its correctness is given. The paper also contains a brief discussion of the problems involved in constructing algebraic specifications that are both consistent and complete.
452 citations
TL;DR: Most of the cell lines established from methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcomas of Japanese quail are susceptible to subgroup A avian sarcoma viruses, but are relatively resistant to viruses of subgroups C, E and F as compared to normal quail embryo fibroblasts.
01 Apr 1977
TL;DR: An attempt has been made to systematically present all of these diverse applications ofumbered undirected graphs in a unifying framework and to indicate the existence of additional applications and to suggest directions for additional research.
Abstract: Numbered undirected graphs are becoming an increasingly useful family of mathematical models for a broad range of applications. They have found usage in various coding theory problems, including the design of good radar-type codes, synch-set codes and convolutional codes with optimal autocorrelation properties. They facilitate the optimal nonstandard encodings of integers. They have also been applied to determining ambiguities in X-ray crystallographic analysis, to design of a communication network addressing system, to determination of optimal circuit layouts, and to problems in additive number theory. An attempt has been made to systematically present all of these diverse applications in a unifying framework and to indicate the existence of additional applications and to suggest directions for additional research.
TL;DR: In this paper, a nonlinear method for generating a time-reversed replica of any monochromatic-beam wave pattern using counter-propagating plane pump waves in a homogeneous, transparent, nonlinear medium is described.
Abstract: We describe a nonlinear method for generating, nearly instantaneously, a time-reversed replica of any monochromatic-beam wave pattern The method employs the interaction of the incident beam, of arbitrary wave front, with counter-propagating plane “pump” waves in a homogeneous, transparent, nonlinear medium Media are shown to exist in which time-reversed waves can be generated with high efficiency using available laser pump sources
TL;DR: In this article, the Stokes capillary-gravity wave train is studied and the evolution of a packet is described by two partial differential equations: the nonlinear Schroedinger equation with a forcing term and a linear equation, which is of either elliptic or hyperbolic type depending on whether the group velocity of the capillary gravity wave is less than or greater than the velocity of long gravity waves.
Abstract: The motion of a two-dimensional packet of capillary-gravity waves on water of finite depth is studied. The evolution of a packet is described by two partial differential equations: the nonlinear Schroedinger equation with a forcing term and a linear equation, which is of either elliptic or hyperbolic type depending on whether the group velocity of the capillary-gravity wave is less than or greater than the velocity of long gravity waves. These equations are used to examine the stability of the Stokes capillary-gravity wave train. The analysis reveals the existence of a resonant interaction between a capillary-gravity wave and a long gravity wave. The interaction requires that the liquid depth be small in comparison with the wavelength of the (long) gravity waves and the evolution equations describing the dynamics of this interaction are derived.
TL;DR: A set of orthogonal functions related to distinctive image features is presented, which allows efficient extraction of such boundary elements from digitized images with considerable improvements over, existing techniques, with a very moderate increase of computational cost.
Abstract: We study class of fast algorithms that extract object boundaries from digitized images. A set of orthogonal functions related to distinctive image features is presented, which allows efficient extraction of such boundary elements. The properties of these functions are. used to define new criteria for edge detection and a sequential algorithm is presented. Results indicate considerable improvements over, existing techniques, with a very moderate increase of computational cost.
TL;DR: A series of experiments designed to reveal the properties of high Reynolds number vortex rings, using flow-visualization and laser-Doppler techniques, has uncovered several interesting and unexpected results as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A series of experiments designed to reveal the properties of high Reynolds number vortex rings, using flow-visualization and laser-Doppler techniques, has uncovered several interesting and unexpected results. Starting at the beginning of the motion, at a nozzle, and proceeding downstream, these include the following.
A formation process that is strongly Reynolds number dependent.The amount of vorticity that appears downstream is very close to that predicted by a simple ‘slug’ model. However flow-visualization studies show that such a model is an oversimplification and that an excess of ring vorticity is probably cancelled by the ingestion of vorticity of opposite sign at the nozzle lip.(iii) A new, bimodal form of vortex-core instability has been observed at moderate but not high Reynolds numbers.Azimuthal inhomogeneities in the breaking of these, and the normal instability waves, create an ‘axial’ flow along the vortex core in the turbulent ring. This axial flow takes the form of a propagating wave that has many characteristics of a solitary wave. It is hypothesized that this axial flow prevents further ring instability.The long-term behaviour of the turbulent ring is marked by dramatic changes in its growth rate, which are probably related to changes in the ‘organization’ of the vortex core. The descriptive turbulent-ring model developed in Maxworthy (1974) is substantially confirmed by these experiments and by observation of ring propagation through a stratified ambient fluid.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that octopamine is the neurotransmitter of a single identified neurone in the locust Schistocerca americana gregaria, which innervates a muscle where it functions as a neuromodulator by potentiating the synaptic potential and tension produced by an identified motoneurone.
Abstract: OCTOPAMINE, a biogenic amine, occurs widely in the nervous systems of vertebrates and invertebrates1–3. It has been found in single neurones in the central nervous system of the marine mollusc, Aplysia4 and also in peripheral neurosecretory neurones in the lobster5,6 from which a calcium-dependent release of octopamine has been demonstrated7,8. Specific octopamine receptors9 and octopamine activated adenylate cyclases10 have also been found in invertebrate nervous tissue. This has led to the suggestion of a neurotransmitter role for octopamine in invertebrates1,3. In the absence, however, of an example in which the effect of stimulating an identified octopamine containing neurone on its identified target or end organ is known, the true function of octopamine remains obscure. This paper aims to demonstrate that octopamine is the neurotransmitter of a single identified neurone in the locust Schistocerca americana gregaria. This neurone, which is shown to contain octopamine, innervates a muscle where it functions as a neuromodulator by potentiating the synaptic potential and tension produced by an identified motoneurone. That this function is mediated by the release of octopamine on stimulation is supported by the action of exogenously applied octopamine.
TL;DR: In this paper, the temperature dependence of the phonon and electron contribution to the dielectric constant, e.g., in the c-and α-axes, was determined and compared to the capacitance measurements.
Abstract: Measurements of all A1 and E transverse and longitudinal phonons in BaTiO3 are reported in the temperature range 10 to 132 °C where the crystal is in the tetragonal phase. A least squares fitting of the spectral shapes is done and the resulting temperature dependence of the frequencies, linewidths and coupling parameters is presented. The temperature dependence of the phonon and electron contribution to the dielectric constant, e, in the c- and α-axes is determined and compared to the capacitance measurements. It is found that the dielectric constant discrepancy is highly anisotropic.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: There was a high correlation between the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of a given agent and that of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II), which was positive in the test.
Abstract: Seventeen cancer chemotherapeutic agents were tested for their ability to mutate Salmonella typhimurium tester strains in the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test. There was a high correlation between the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of a given agent. Carcinogens positive in the test were Adriamycin, daunomycin, 1-propanol-3,3'-iminodimethanesulfonate, cyclophosphamide, isophosphamide, hycanthone, chlornaphazin, nitrogen mustard, uracil mustard, melphalan, and thio-tepa. Two carcinogesn, actinomycin D and bleomycin, were not detected as mutagens. The presumptive noncarcinogen, methotrexate, was negative in the test. Tilorone and 6-mercaptopurine, tentatively classified as noncarcinogens, were mutagenic. The carcinogenicity of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II), which was positive in the test, has not been determined.
TL;DR: Close agreement was found between portal vein pressure and wedged hepatic vein pressure in quiescent alcoholic liver disease and alcoholic hepatitis, indicating a presinusoidal component to the portal hypertension.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that cell lines derived from human neuroblastomas are heterogenous as are the tumors in children.
Abstract: Neuroblastoma cell lines LA-N-1 and LA-N-2 were extablished from neuroblastoma cells in the bone marrow and in the primary tumor, respectively, of two children with metastatic neuroblastoma. Morphology, growth in vitro and in athymic nude mice, chromosomal patter, and fibrinolytic activity of these cell lines and of previously extablished human neuroblastoma cell lines IMR-32, SK-N-MC, and SK-N-SH were compared. Most LA-N-1 cells were tear-drop shaped, small cells with processes; they tended to grow in clusters. LA-N-2 was comprised of elongated cells and small round cells, the latter growing in dense clumps on the former. Electron microscopy revealed numerous cytoplasmic dense cores in many LA-N-1 cells but none in LA-N-2 CELLS. During logarithmic growth in vitro, doubling times for LA-N-1, LA-N-2, SK-N-MC, SK-N-SH, and IMR-32 cells were 32,56, 23, 36, and 26 hr, respectively. Cells of all lines formed colonies in soft agar, and, after variable latency periods, LA-N-1, LA-N-2, SK-N-MC, and IMR-32 cells formed tumors in athymic nude mice. The marker chromosome(s) characteristic of each cell line was present in more than 90% of cells of given line. Significant plasminogen-dependent fibrinolytic activity was present in cells of all lines. These studies indicate that LA-N-1 and LA-N-2 cells arose from single but different aberrant progenitor cells and that they have properties of neuroblastoma cells. They also demonstrate that cell lines derived from human neuroblastomas are heterogenous as are the tumors in children.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the possibility that the anomalous conductivity may arise from nonlinear excitations of a pinned charge-density-wave (CDW) and derive the fraction of the Fermi surface destroyed by the CDW gap.
Abstract: The transport properties of the linear-chain metal Nb${\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ are anomalous. Giant increases in the dc resistivity appear at 145 and 59 K, suggestive of charge-density-wave (CDW) formation. These anomalies show breakdown effects with applied electric fields as low as 0.1 V ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The temperature dependence of the resistivity also shows strong variation at microwave frequencies. We report measurements on the temperature dependence of the non-Ohmic effect together with microwave results and review the evidence for CDW formation. On the basis of the CDW model we have extracted a parameter $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ from the data which gives the fraction of the Fermi surface destroyed by the CDW gap. Other models are discussed and compared with the CDW model. We consider the possibility that the anomalous conductivity may arise from nonlinear excitations of a pinned CDW.
TL;DR: Competition radioimmune assays demonstrated that protein extracts of NP MC29 cells contain inhibitory activity for precipitation of p19 and p27, but not for p15, and Pulse-chase experiments showed that the MC29–110K polypeptide turned over at a rate comparable to that of pr76, but none of the major structural proteins could be detected after the chase.
TL;DR: Data indicate that as long as the FSG remains normal, an unexplained intrauterine death is a rare event in Class A women delivered at LAC Women's Hospital.
TL;DR: These experiments indicate that many satellite cells survive muscle injury and transplantation to become regenerating myogenic cells at a time when most, if not all, myonuclei are undergoing pyknosis.
Abstract: Myonuclei and satellite cell nuclei were differentially labelled with 3H-thymidine in uninjured skeletal muscle of young rats and then traced autoradiographically at intervals after mincing the radioactive hindlimb muscles to determine the source of regenerating presumptive myoblasts. Labelled nuclei were detected by light microscopic examination of 1-micron thick autoradiographs and identified by electron microscopic examination of an adjacent section. Repeated injections of 3H-thymidine during fetal and neonatal development, followed by a 4- to 5-week maturation period, resulted in labelling of 20% of the myonuclei. Satellite cells were not observed to be labelled in this series. Eight to sixteen hours after mincing, 20% of the pyknotic myonuclei were labelled, whereas none of the regenerating presumptive myoblasts appeared labelled. A single injection of 3H-thymidine administered to 18-day-old rats, followed by sacrifice within ten hours, resulted in labelling of 23% of the satellite cell nuclei. Myonuclei were not observed to be labelled in this series. Eight to sixteen hours after mincing, silver grains were detected over both pyknotic and regenerating cell nuclei. These experiments indicate that many satellite cells survive muscle injury and transplantation to become regenerating myogenic cells at a time when most, if not all, myonuclei are undergoing pyknosis.
TL;DR: Satellite cells in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of animals between eight and 30 months of age appeared, according to morphological criteria, metabolically less active than those examined in immature muscles.
Abstract: Myosatellite cells were examined and quantified at the fine structural level of resolution during aging of skeletal muscles in mice and rats. Satellite cells in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of animals between eight and 30 months of age appeared, according to morphological criteria, metabolically less active than those examined in immature muscles. In the soleus muscle of the mouse, satellite cells decreased in number from 4.6% at eight months of age to 2.4% at 30 months. This decrease appeared to be due to the passage of some satellite cells into the interstitial space as a result of the formation of external lamina material around the entire satellite cell surface.
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: The viral genome is at the moment that partner in this interaction which is more amenable to experimental study and offers realistic opportunities for an increase of insight into virus replication and cellular transformation.
Abstract: The genetic analysis of RNA tumor viruses has two main objectives: (1) to provide an understanding of virus replication and (2) to explain virus-induced transformation of the host cell. Virus replication results from a complex interaction of viral and cellular genomes. Viral genetics, however, considers only the virus side of this interaction; the numerous and specific cellular functions which are required for the synthesis of infectious virus will have to be defined by a genetic analysis of the host cell. In virus-induced transformation, viral genetic information presumably interferes with the genetic regulatory apparatus of the host cell, and here again it is important to realize that focusing on the viral information will reveal only part of a very complex interaction between two organisms. Despite these obvious limitations, the viral genome is at the moment that partner in this interaction which is more amenable to experimental study and offers realistic opportunities for an increase of our insight into virus replication and cellular transformation.
TL;DR: Serum estradiol remained at early to midfollicular phase levels for 4 to 6 months after DMPA injection and rose to preovulatory levels when serum MPA levels fell below 0.25 ng/ml, apparently due to suppression of the LH peak by positive feedback inhibition.
Abstract: A sensitive radioimmunoassay measuring serum medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) has been developed in order to measure and correlate serum MPA concentrations and ovarian function in women following im administration of depo-MPA (DMPA), employing goat anti-MPA-3-(O-carboxymethyl) oxime-bovine serum albumin and MPA-3-(O-carboxymethyl) imino-125I-iodohistamine. In the 3 women studied, im injection of 150 mg of DMPA yielded brief initial serum MPA concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 3 ng/ml for a few days. Serum MPA concentrations gradually declined and remained relatively constant at about 1 ng/ml for 2 to 3 months, declined gradually thereafter reaching 0.2 ng/ml during the 6th month and became undetectable (<0.02 ng/ml) about 7½ to 9 months following administration. Serum estradiol remained at early to midfollicular phase levels for 4 to 6 months after DMPA injection and rose to preovulatory levels when serum MPA levels fell below 0.5 to 0.25 ng/ml. Ovulation, however, as evidenced by serum progesterone conc...