Showing papers by "University of Southern California published in 1978"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify a number of such substitutes for leadership, presents scales of questionnaire items for their measurement, and reports some preliminary tests, concluding that these substitutes act as "substitutes for leadership" negating the hierarchical superior's ability to exert either positive or negative influence over subordinate attitudes and effectiveness.
1,669 citations
Book•
01 Jul 1978TL;DR: This volume intended to serve as a text for upper undergraduate and graduate level students and special emphasis is given to the role of algebraic techniques in formal language theory through a chapter devoted to the fixed point approach to the analysis of context-free languages.
Abstract: From the Publisher:
Formal language theory was fist developed in the mid 1950's in an attempt to develop theories of natural language acquisition. It was soon realized that this theory (particularly the context-free portion) was quite relevant to the artificial languages that had originated in computer science. Since those days, the theory of formal languages has been developed extensively, and has several discernible trends, which include applications to the syntactic analysis of programming languages, program schemes, models of biological systems, and relationships with natural languages.
1,415 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors survey the control theoretic literature on decentralized and hierarchical control, and methods of analysis of large scale systems, and present a survey of the control theory of large-scale systems.
Abstract: This paper surveys the control theoretic literature on decentralized and hierarchical control, and methods of analysis of large scale systems.
1,124 citations
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this article, a new algorithm for solving algebraic Riccati equations (both continuous-time and discrete-time versions) is presented, which is a variant of the classical eigenvector approach and uses instead an appropriate set of Schur vectors.
Abstract: In this paper a new algorithm for solving algebraic Riccati equations (both continuous-time and discrete-time versions) is presented. The method studied is a variant of the classical eigenvector approach and uses instead an appropriate set of Schur vectors thereby gaining substantial numerical advantages. Complete proofs of the Schur approach are given as well as considerable discussion of numerical issues. The method is apparently quite numerically stable and performs reliably on systems with dense matrices up to order 100 or so, storage being the main limiting factor. The description given below is a considerably abridged version of a complete report given in [0].
1,002 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest independent regulation of X 2 Y in this situation and suggest the loss of differentiated function by these chondrocyte progeny is indicated.
572 citations
TL;DR: The intratester and intertester variability and reliability of goniometric measurements taken by four physical therapists on upper and lower extremity motions of normal male subjects indicate the necessity for using the same tester when effects of treatment are evaluated.
Abstract: This study determined the intratester and intertester variability and reliability of goniometric measurements taken by four physical therapists on upper and lower extremity motions of normal male subjects. The same subjects were measured once weekly for four weeks by testers with varied experience in goniometry. Data were analyzed by analyses of variance with repeated measures. Intratester variation for all measurements was less than intertester variation. Further, intertester variation was less for the three upper extremity motions than for those of the lower extremity. These findings indicate the necessity for using the same tester when effects of treatment are evaluated. When the same tester measures the same movement, increases in joint motion of at least three to four degrees determine improvement for either the upper or lower extremity. When more than one tester, however, measures the same movement, increases in joint motion should exceed five degrees for the upper extremity and six degrees for the lower extremity to determine improvement.
556 citations
TL;DR: An algebraic technique for embedding abstract data types in programming languages is presented, some of the formal properties of the technique are developed, and it is shown that these provide useful guidelines for the construction of adequate specifications.
Abstract: There have been many recent proposals for embedding abstract data types in programming languages. In order to reason about programs using abstract data types, it is desirable to specify their properties at an abstract level, independent of any particular implementation. This paper presents an algebraic technique for such specifications, develops some of the formal properties of the technique, and shows that these provide useful guidelines for the construction of adequate specifications.
523 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a spectral decomposition for a linear skew-product dynamical system is introduced and a perturbation theorem is proved that nearby systems have spectra which are close.
484 citations
TL;DR: Self-regulating work groups are a promising alternative to traditional forms of work design as mentioned in this paper, and their emergence from socio-technical systems theory and field experimentation is discussed, and their theoretical bases and implementation strategies presented.
Abstract: Self-regulating work groups are a promising alternative to traditional forms of work design. Their emergence from socio-technical systems theory and field experimentation is discussed, and their theoretical bases and implementation strategies presented. Managerial functions appropriate to their design and supervision are also proposed.
482 citations
TL;DR: The paper gives several examples of distributed processes and shows that they include procedures, coroutines, classes, monitors, processes, semaphores, buffers, path expressions, and input/output as special cases.
Abstract: A language concept for concurrent processes without common variables is introduced. These processes communicate and synchronize by means of procedure calls and guarded regions. This concept is proposed for real-time applications controlled by microcomputer networks with distributed storage. The paper gives several examples of distributed processes and shows that they include procedures, coroutines, classes, monitors, processes, semaphores, buffers, path expressions, and input/output as special cases.
435 citations
TL;DR: The major thrust of the paper is shown how the use of algebraic axiomatizations can simplify the process of proving the correctness of an implementation of an abstract data type.
Abstract: A data abstraction can be naturally specified using algebraic axioms. The virtue of these axioms is that they permit a representation-independent formal specification of a data type. An example is given which shows how to employ algebraic axioms at successive levels of implementation. The major thrust of the paper is twofold. First, it is shown how the use of algebraic axiomatizations can simplify the process of proving the correctness of an implementation of an abstract data type. Second, semi-automatic tools are described which can be used both to automate such proofs of correctness and to derive an immediate implementation from the axioms. This implementation allows for limited testing of programs at design time, before a conventional implementation is accomplished.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors re-examine the magnitude of stockholder gains from merger and employ four alternative two-factor market-industry models in combination with a matched non-merging control group.
TL;DR: Assessment of DNA from 15 clones of avian sarcoma virus-transformed rat cells with restriction endonucleases and molecular hybridization techniques found that ASV DNA can be accommodated at many positions in cellular DNA, but the existence of preferred sites has not been excluded.
TL;DR: This paper examines the most widely used reliability models, including models based on discrete as weil as continuous probability distributions, with actual data as to the applicability of the error fmding process.
Abstract: This paper examines the most widely used reliability models. The models discussed fall into two categories, the data domain and the time domain. Besides tracing the historical development of the various models their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. This includes models based on discrete as weil as continuous probability distributions. How well a given model performs its purpose in a specific economic environment will determine the usefulness of the model. Each of the models is examined with actual data as to the applicability of the error fmding process.
TL;DR: In this paper, a fully developed turbulent boundary layer with a zero pressure gradient was explored by using temperature as a passive contaminant in order to study the large-scale structure of the wall.
Abstract: A fully developed turbulent boundary layer with a zero pressure gradient was explored by using temperature as a passive contaminant in order to study the large-scale structure. The temperature tracer was introduced into the flow field by heating the entire wall to approximately 12°C above the free-stream temperature. The most interesting observation was the existence of a sharp internal temperature front, characterized by a rapid decrease in temperature, that extended throughout the entire boundary layer. In the outer, intermittent region, the internal temperature front was always associated with the upstream side of the turbulent bulges, i.e. the ‘backs’. It extended across the entire logarithmic region and was related to the sharp acceleration associated with the bursting phenomenon near the wall. Conditional averages of the velocities measured with the temperature front revealed that it was associated with an internal shear layer. The results suggest that this shear layer provides a dynamical relationship between the large structures in the outer, intermittent region and the bursting phenomenon near the wall.
TL;DR: Investigation of the effect of an acute elevation of the serum magnesium concentration on the concentrations of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (IPTH) in hypocalcemic hypomagnesemic patients and normal individuals indicates that an acute stimulation of PTH secretion induced by magnesium is characteristic of the magnesium-deficient state.
Abstract: The effect of an acute elevation of the serum magnesium concentration on the concentrations of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (IPTH) were studied in hypocalcemic hypomagnesemic patients, hyperparathyroid patients, and normal individuals. Basal serum IPTH concentrations in the hypomagnesemic patients ranged from undetectable to 3 times the upper limit of normal. All hypomagnesemic patients were observed to have an immediate rise in the serum IPTH concentration after magnesium administration regardless of the basal IPTH concentration. In contrast, normal individuals and patients with primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism responded to magnesium administration with either a decrease or little change in the serum IPTH concentration. These date indicate that an acute stimulation of PTH secretion induced by magnesium is characteristic of the magnesium-deficient state. The consistency of this response suggests that impaired PTH secretion is a significant factor contributing to the hypocalcemia of magnesium deficiency.
TL;DR: In this article, a Fabry-Perot interferometer filled with a medium whose refractive index depends upon intensity has a multiple-valued transmission-vs-intensity characteristic.
Abstract: A Fabry-Perot interferometer filled with a medium whose refractive index depends upon intensity has a multiple-valued transmission-vs-intensity characteristic. When the incident light is circularly polarized, and the nonlinearity is only cubic in the fields, Maxwell's equations may be solved exactly for the plane-parallel resonator field in terms of elliptic functions. An accurate approximate analysis is given for more general cases, including resonators with spherical mirrors and finite beams, where self-focusing is important. The theory is developed to yield design information for operation as an optical switch, "transistor," and power limiter.
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-dimensional version of the Korteweg-deVries equation with variable coefficients which depend on the local fluid depth is derived, and the fission law for solitary waves propagating into shallower water for two density stratification models and the possible disintegration of a solitary wave into a dispersive packet are discussed.
Abstract: The propagation of long internal waves over two-dimensional topography is discussed. A two-dimensional version of the Korteweg-deVries equation is derived with variable coefficients which depend on the local fluid depth. The fission law for solitary waves propagating into shallower water for two density stratification models and the possible disintegration of a solitary wave into a dispersive packet are discussed on the basis of this equation.
TL;DR: Rocky ocean bottoms are covered from time to time with small amounts of fine sediments, which may interfere with the development of germling stages of Macrocystis pyrifera.
Abstract: Rocky ocean bottoms are covered from time to time with small amounts of fine sediments. This material may interfere with the development of germling stages of Macrocystis pyrifera. Tests were performed by introducing sediments before and after spores were dispersed in culture dishes. 10 mg cm-2 of sediment, enough to occlude the surface, prevents spore attachment, greatly reducing the probability of survival. Smothering of established germlings was severe at 108 mg sediment cm-2. Water motion further reduced spore success where sediments were present, probably because of abrasive scour. Mechanisms of natural and human interference with M. pyrifera reproduction are suggested.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present new methods for computing the greatest common right divisor of polynomial matrices, which involve the recently studied generalized Sylvester and generalized Bezoutian resultant matrices.
Abstract: We present new methods for computing the greatest common right divisor of polynomial matrices. These methods involve the recently studied generalized Sylvester and generalized Bezoutian resultant matrices, which require no polynomial operations. They can provide a row proper greatest common right divisor, test for coprimeness and calculate dual dynamical indices. The generalized resultant matrices are developments of the scalar Sylvester and Bezoutian resultants and many of the familiar properties of these latter matrices are demonstrated to have analogs with the properties of the generalized resultant matrices for matrix polynomials.
TL;DR: A method of computer generating binary holograms based on the decomposition of a complex value into two phase quantities is described, and noise due to the displacement of the subcells and the phase coding is discussed.
Abstract: A method of computer generating binary holograms based on the decomposition of a complex value into two phase quantities is described. Each Fourier transform cell is divided into subcells, and phase quantities are encoded by the detour phase technique. Noise due to the displacement of the subcells and the phase coding is discussed. Methods of suppressing this noise are also included.
TL;DR: Oxygen isotope analyses of Tertiary and Cretaceous planktic foraminifera indicate that species have been stratified with respect to depth in the water column at least since Albian time as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: Of the patients who have completed surgical and hormonal therapy, 98 per cent have normal spontaneous menses and seven of ten patients who wished to conceive and who had no other infertility factors have done so.
TL;DR: Non compliant patient families had lower incomes, more fatherless households, and comunication difficulties within the family and with the medical establishment, and may be a preventable cause of allograft failure.
Abstract: Fourteen patients (13 of them adolescents) interrupted immunosuppressive treatment following renal transplantation. Twelve were girls and two were boys. Six subsequently lost their allografts and eight had impaired renal function. Noncompliance was suspected when diminution in cushingoid features, unexplained weight loss, or changes in renal function occurred. Noncompliance was comfirmed by interview with psychosocial staff. Available psychosocial data from family interview and personality test obtained earlier as part of systematic follow-up study were analyzed to explore the reasons for noncompliance. Non compliant patient families had lower incomes, more fatherless households, and comunication difficulties within the family and with the medical establishment. Using a stepwise discriminant analysis, a discriminant function was derived which selected 13 of 14 noncompliant patients. Noncompliance may be a preventable cause of allograft failure. These data can aid in identifying high-risk patients and planning intervention programs.
TL;DR: The RNA of mouse hepatitis virus, a coronavirus, was isolated from the virus released early in the infection and analyzed by sucrose gradient sedimentation and electrophoresis and is, therefore, probably positive stranded.
Abstract: The RNA of mouse hepatitis virus, a coronavirus, was isolated from the virus released early in the infection and analyzed by sucrose gradient sedimentation and electrophoresis. It was found to consist of a piece of single-stranded RNA of about 60S. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 5.4 X 10(6) by electrophoresis in methylmercury-agarose gels. At least one third of the RNA contained polyadenylated sequences. It is, therefore, probably positive stranded. The virus harvested late in the infection contained, in addition to 60S, some 30 to 50S RNA that are possibly degradation products of the 60S RNA. No difference in the electrophoretic behavior could be detected between the RNA isolated from a pathogenic (JHM) and a nonpathogenic (A59) strain.
TL;DR: It is confirmed that satellite cells in young rats can differentiate into multinucleated myotubes following muscle injury and regenerating myotube nuclei in the host appeared labelled.
Abstract: Satellite cells were traced autoradiographically during the regeneration of skeletal muscle in young Sprague-Dawley rats. Approximately 31% of the satellite cells in uninjured muscles appeared labelled after three injections of tritiated thymidine; none of the myonuclei were labelled in the same muscles. Four to six days after transplanting the radioactive muscles to non-radioactive littermates, regenerating myotube nuclei in the host appeared labelled. Thus, this study confirms that satellite cells in young rats can differentiate into multinucleated myotubes following muscle injury.
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, the Kronecker structure of generalized state-space systems is proven to yield information about the pole-zero structure (finite and infinite) and about the null space structure of R(s).
Abstract: In this short paper we show a number of properties of generalized state-space systems {sE-A,B,C,D} which can be constructed for any rational matrix R(s). The Kronecker structure of such systems is proven to yield information about the pole-zero structure (finite and infinite) and about the null space structure of R(s).
TL;DR: Examination of a subpopulation of LD youngsters, those with disorders in the vestibular system which responds to gravity and changes in one's rate of movement, finds the structure of the research approach has distinct advantages over the "LD versus normal comparison" approach.
Abstract: Though "learning disabilities" is recognized to be an umbrella term for a collection of diverse disorders, research studies too frequently treat the LD group as homogeneous, comparing its functioning with that of a normal control group. This study examines a subpopulation of LD youngsters, those with disorders in the vestibular system which responds to gravity and changes in one's rate of movement. While the outcomes themselves are interesting, the structure of the research approach has distinct advantages over the "LD versus normal comparison" approach. - G.M.S.