Institution
University of St Andrews
Education•St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom•
About: University of St Andrews is a education organization based out in St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Laser. The organization has 16260 authors who have published 43364 publications receiving 1636072 citations. The organization is also known as: St Andrews University & University of St. Andrews.
Topics: Population, Laser, Planet, Galaxy, Stars
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Improved body condition of seals in the Atlantic sector was associated with Circumpolar Deep Water upwelling regions within the Antarcticcircumpolar Current, whereas High-Salinity Shelf Waters or temperature/salinity gradients under winter pack ice were important in the Indian and Pacific sectors.
Abstract: Responses by marine top predators to environmental variability have previously been almost impossible to observe directly. By using animal-mounted instruments simultaneously recording movements, diving behavior, and in situ oceanographic properties, we studied the behavioral and physiological responses of southern elephant seals to spatial environmental variability throughout their circumpolar range. Improved body condition of seals in the Atlantic sector was associated with Circumpolar Deep Water upwelling regions within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, whereas High-Salinity Shelf Waters or temperature/salinity gradients under winter pack ice were important in the Indian and Pacific sectors. Energetic consequences of these variations could help explain recently observed population trends, showing the usefulness of this approach in examining the sensitivity of top predators to global and regional-scale climate variability.
328 citations
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Paris Diderot University1, PSL Research University2, European Southern Observatory3, University of Oxford4, California Institute of Technology5, University of California, Berkeley6, University of Toledo7, Leiden University8, École normale supérieure de Lyon9, University of Edinburgh10, Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam11, Macquarie University12, Australian Astronomical Observatory13, ASTRON14, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute15, Max Planck Society16, University of Hertfordshire17, University of Sydney18, Australia Telescope National Facility19, University of St Andrews20, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology21, Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics22
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a catalogue of 92 galaxies from the ATLAS^(3D) sample, which are located in low- to medium-density environments, which achieved a gain of several magnitudes in the limiting surface brightness with respect to classical imaging surveys.
Abstract: Galactic archaeology based on star counts is instrumental to reconstruct the past mass assembly of Local Group galaxies. The development of new observing techniques and data reduction, coupled with the use of sensitive large field of view cameras, now allows us to pursue this technique in more distant galaxies exploiting their diffuse low surface brightness (LSB) light. As part of the ATLAS^(3D) project, we have obtained with the MegaCam camera at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope extremely deep, multiband images of nearby early-type galaxies (ETGs). We present here a catalogue of 92 galaxies from the ATLAS^(3D) sample, which are located in low- to medium-density environments. The observing strategy and data reduction pipeline, which achieve a gain of several magnitudes in the limiting surface brightness with respect to classical imaging surveys, are presented. The size and depth of the survey are compared to other recent deep imaging projects. The paper highlights the capability of LSB-optimized surveys at detecting new prominent structures that change the apparent morphology of galaxies. The intrinsic limitations of deep imaging observations are also discussed, among those, the contamination of the stellar haloes of galaxies by extended ghost reflections, and the cirrus emission from Galactic dust. The detection and systematic census of fine structures that trace the present and past mass assembly of ETGs are one of the prime goals of the project. We provide specific examples of each type of observed structures – tidal tails, stellar streams and shells – and explain how they were identified and classified. We give an overview of the initial results. The detailed statistical analysis will be presented in future papers.
328 citations
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University of Edinburgh1, Durham University2, Australian National University3, Liverpool John Moores University4, University of New South Wales5, University of Oxford6, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory7, University of St Andrews8, University of Cambridge9, California Institute of Technology10, Johns Hopkins University11, University of Leeds12, University of Nottingham13
TL;DR: In this paper, a joint likelihood analysis of data from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and from the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS) is presented.
Abstract: We constrain flat cosmological models with a joint likelihood analysis of a new compilation of data from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and from the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS). Fitting the CMB alone yields a known degeneracy between the Hubble constant h and the matter density Omega(m), which arises mainly from preserving the location of the peaks in the angular power spectrum. This 'horizon-angle degeneracy' is considered in some detail and is shown to follow the simple relation Omega(m) h(3.4) = constant. Adding the 2dFGRS power spectrum constrains Omega(m) h and breaks the degeneracy. If tensor anisotropies are assumed to be negligible, we obtain values for the Hubble constant of h = 0.665 +/- 0.047, the matter density Omega(m) = 0.313 +/- 0.055, and the physical cold dark matter and baryon densities Omega(c)h(2) = 0.115 +/- 0.009, Omega(b)h(2) = 0.022 +/- 0.002 (standard rms errors). Including a possible tensor component causes very little change to these figures; we set an upper limit to the tensor-to-scalar ratio of r < 0.7 at a 95 per cent confidence level. We then show how these data can be used to constrain the equation of state of the vacuum, and find w < -0.52 at 95 per cent confidence. The preferred cosmological model is thus very well specified, and we discuss the precision with which future CMB data can be predicted, given the model assumptions. The 2dFGRS power-spectrum data and covariance matrix, and the CMB data compilation used here, are available from http://www.roe.ac.uk/similar towjp/.
328 citations
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TL;DR: The field of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode materials has been rapidly moving forward as mentioned in this paper, and significant advancements have been made in the reduction of the operating temperature and improvement of the performance of SOFCs.
Abstract: The field of research into solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode materials has been rapidly moving forward. In the four years since the last in-depth review significant advancements have been made in the reduction of the operating temperature and improvement of the performance of SOFCs. This progress report examines the developments in the field and looks to draw conclusions and inspiration from this research. A brief introduction is given to the field, followed by an overview of the principal previous materials. A detailed analysis of the developments of the last 4 years is given using a selection of the available literature, concentrating on metal-fluorite cermets and perovskite-based materials. This is followed by a consideration of alternate fuels for use in SOFCs and their associated problems and a short discussion on the effect of synthesis method on anode performance. The concluding remarks compile the significant developments in the field along with a consideration of the promise of future research. The recent progress in the development of anode materials for SOFCs based on oxygen ion conducting electrolytes is reviewed.
327 citations
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University of Minnesota1, Max Planck Society2, Primate Research Institute3, Arizona State University4, University of St Andrews5, Kyoto University6, University of Cambridge7, Makerere University8, University of Michigan9, Jane Goodall Institute10, Lincoln Park Zoo11, University of New Mexico12, Iowa State University13, Duke University14, Washington University in St. Louis15, University of York16, University of Oregon17, Yale University18, Harvard University19
TL;DR: It is found that males were the most frequent attackers and victims; most killings involved intercommunity attacks; and attackers greatly outnumbered their victims (median 8:1 ratio).
Abstract: Observations of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) provide valuable comparative data for understanding the significance of conspecific killing. Two kinds of hypothesis have been proposed. Lethal violence is sometimes concluded to be the result of adaptive strategies, such that killers ultimately gain fitness benefits by increasing their access to resources such as food or mates. Alternatively, it could be a non-adaptive result of human impacts, such as habitat change or food provisioning. To discriminate between these hypotheses we compiled information from 18 chimpanzee communities and 4 bonobo communities studied over five decades. Our data include 152 killings (n = 58 observed, 41 inferred, and 53 suspected killings) by chimpanzees in 15 communities and one suspected killing by bonobos. We found that males were the most frequent attackers (92% of participants) and victims (73%); most killings (66%) involved intercommunity attacks; and attackers greatly outnumbered their victims (median 8:1 ratio). Variation in killing rates was unrelated to measures of human impacts. Our results are compatible with previously proposed adaptive explanations for killing by chimpanzees, whereas the human impact hypothesis is not supported.
327 citations
Authors
Showing all 16531 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Yi Chen | 217 | 4342 | 293080 |
Paul M. Thompson | 183 | 2271 | 146736 |
Ian J. Deary | 166 | 1795 | 114161 |
Dongyuan Zhao | 160 | 872 | 106451 |
Mark J. Smyth | 153 | 713 | 88783 |
Harry Campbell | 150 | 897 | 115457 |
William J. Sutherland | 148 | 966 | 94423 |
Thomas J. Smith | 140 | 1775 | 113919 |
John A. Peacock | 140 | 565 | 125416 |
Jean-Marie Tarascon | 136 | 853 | 137673 |
David A. Jackson | 136 | 1095 | 68352 |
Ian Ford | 134 | 678 | 85769 |
Timothy J. Mitchison | 133 | 404 | 66418 |
Will J. Percival | 129 | 473 | 87752 |
David P. Lane | 129 | 568 | 90787 |