University of St Andrews

About: University of St Andrews is a education organization based out in St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Laser. The organization has 16260 authors who have published 43364 publications receiving 1636072 citations. The organization is also known as: St Andrews University & University of St. Andrews.

TNF alpha and the TNF receptor superfamily: structure-function relationship(s).

Abstract: Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha), is an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and is responsible for a diverse range of signalling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis The protein is also important for resistance to infection and cancers TNF alpha exerts many of its effects by binding, as a trimer, to either a 55 kDa cell membrane receptor termed TNFR-1 or a 75 kDa cell membrane receptor termed TNFR-2 Both these receptors belong to the so-called TNF receptor superfamily The superfamily includes FAS, CD40, CD27, and RANK The defining trait of these receptors is an extra cellular domain comprised of two to six repeats of cysteine rich motifs Additionally, a number of structurally related "decoy receptors" exist that act to sequester TNF molecules, thereby rescuing cells from apoptosis The crystal structures of TNF alpha, TNF beta, the extracellular domain of TNFR-1 (denoted sTNFR-1), and the TNF beta sTNFR-1 complex have been defined by crystallography This article will review the structure/function relationships of the TNF alpha and the TNF receptor superfamily It will also discuss insights as to how structural features play a role in the pleiotropic effects of TNF alpha

State-space models of individual animal movement.

Abstract: Detailed observation of the movement of individual animals offers the potential to understand spatial population processes as the ultimate consequence of individual behaviour, physiological constraints and fine-scale environmental influences. However, movement data from individuals are intrinsically stochastic and often subject to severe observation error. Linking such complex data to dynamical models of movement is a major challenge for animal ecology. Here, we review a statistical approach, state–space modelling, which involves changing how we analyse movement data and draw inferences about the behaviours that shape it. The statistical robustness and predictive ability of state–space models make them the most promising avenue towards a new type of movement ecology that fuses insights from the study of animal behaviour, biogeography and spatial population dynamics.

Wave propagation in a magnetic cylinder

Abstract: The nature of oscillations in a magnetic cylinder embedded in a magnetic environment is investigated. It is shown that the standard slender flux tube analysis of a kink mode in a cylinder excludes the possibility of a second mode, which arises under photospheric conditions. Under coronal conditions, two widely separated classes of oscillation can be freely sustained, one on an acoustic time-scale and the other on an Alfvenic time-scale. The acoustic-type oscillations are always present, but the much shorter period, Alfvenic-type, oscillations arise only in high density (strictly, low Alfven velocity) loops. An application to waves in fibrils is also given, and suggests (following Wentzel, 1979) that they are fast kink waves propagating in a density enhancement.

On-Demand Single Photons with High Extraction Efficiency and Near-Unity Indistinguishability from a Resonantly Driven Quantum Dot in a Micropillar.

Abstract: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the National Fundamental Research Program. We acknowledge financial support by the State of Bavaria and the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the projects Q.com-H and the Chist-era project SSQN. N. G. acknowledges support from the Danish Research Council for Technology and Production.