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Institution

University of St Andrews

EducationSt Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
About: University of St Andrews is a education organization based out in St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Laser. The organization has 16260 authors who have published 43364 publications receiving 1636072 citations. The organization is also known as: St Andrews University & University of St. Andrews.
Topics: Population, Laser, Planet, Galaxy, Stars


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, case studies of public attitudes towards existing and proposed windfarm developments in Scotland and Ireland are used to test three counter-intuitive hypotheses derived from previous attitudinal research, namely, local people become more favourable towards windfarms after construction, the degree of acceptance increases with proximity to them, and the NIMBY syndrome does not adequately explain variations in public attitudes.
Abstract: The wind energy debate represents a new kind of environmental controversy which divides environmentalists of different persuasions who attach contrasting priority to global and local concerns. Case studies of public attitudes towards existing and proposed windfarm developments in Scotland and Ireland are used to test three counter-intuitive hypotheses derived from previous attitudinal research. These are: (a) that local people become more favourable towards windfarms after construction; (b) that the degree of acceptance increases with proximity to them; and (c) that the NIMBY syndrome(not-in-my-back-yard) does not adequately explain variations in public attitudes. All three hypotheses are supported by this study. Large majorities favour wind power development in principle and in (local) practice. Although some aspects of NIMBY attitudes exist, the surveys reveal an ‘inverse NIMBY’ syndrome, whereby those with windfarms in their ‘backyard’ strongly support the technology. The research endorses the...

576 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The chiral stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography showed good chiral recognition ability towards various racemates, including Na6(CO3)(SO4)2, Na2SO4, and Na2CO3.
Abstract: Wieslaw J. Roth,†,∥ Petr Nachtigall,‡ Russell E. Morris, and Jirí̌ Čejka*,† †J. Heyrovsky ́ Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Dolejsǩova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic ‡Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, 128 00, Czech Republic EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Scotland Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakoẃ, ul. Ingardena 3,30-060 Krakoẃ, Poland

576 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Shadab Alam1, Marie Aubert, Santiago Avila2, Christophe Balland3, Julian E. Bautista4, Matthew A. Bershady5, Matthew A. Bershady6, Dmitry Bizyaev7, Dmitry Bizyaev8, Michael R. Blanton9, Adam S. Bolton10, Jo Bovy11, Jonathan Brinkmann7, Joel R. Brownstein10, Etienne Burtin12, Solène Chabanier12, Michael J. Chapman13, Peter Doohyun Choi14, Chia-Hsun Chuang15, Johan Comparat16, M. C. Cousinou, Andrei Cuceu17, Kyle S. Dawson10, Sylvain de la Torre, Arnaud de Mattia12, Victoria de Sainte Agathe3, Hélion du Mas des Bourboux10, Stephanie Escoffier, Thomas Etourneau12, James Farr17, Andreu Font-Ribera17, Peter M. Frinchaboy18, S. Fromenteau19, Héctor Gil-Marín20, Jean Marc Le Goff12, Alma X. Gonzalez-Morales21, Alma X. Gonzalez-Morales22, Violeta Gonzalez-Perez23, Violeta Gonzalez-Perez4, Kathleen Grabowski7, Julien Guy24, Adam J. Hawken, Jiamin Hou16, Hui Kong25, James C. Parker7, Mark A. Klaene7, Jean-Paul Kneib26, Sicheng Lin9, Daniel Long7, Brad W. Lyke27, Axel de la Macorra19, Paul Martini25, Karen L. Masters28, Faizan G. Mohammad13, Jeongin Moon14, Eva Maria Mueller29, Andrea Muñoz-Gutiérrez19, Adam D. Myers27, Seshadri Nadathur4, Richard Neveux12, Jeffrey A. Newman30, P. Noterdaeme3, Audrey Oravetz7, Daniel Oravetz7, Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille12, Kaike Pan7, Romain Paviot, Will J. Percival13, Will J. Percival31, Ignasi Pérez-Ràfols3, Patrick Petitjean3, Matthew M. Pieri, Abhishek Prakash32, Anand Raichoor26, Corentin Ravoux12, Mehdi Rezaie33, J. Rich12, Ashley J. Ross25, Graziano Rossi14, Rossana Ruggeri34, Rossana Ruggeri4, V. Ruhlmann-Kleider12, Ariel G. Sánchez16, F. Javier Sánchez35, José R. Sánchez-Gallego36, Conor Sayres36, Donald P. Schneider, Hee-Jong Seo33, Arman Shafieloo37, Anže Slosar38, Alex Smith12, Julianna Stermer3, Amélie Tamone26, Jeremy L. Tinker9, Rita Tojeiro39, Mariana Vargas-Magaña19, Andrei Variu26, Yuting Wang, Benjamin A. Weaver, Anne-Marie Weijmans39, C. Yeche12, Pauline Zarrouk12, Pauline Zarrouk40, Cheng Zhao26, Gong-Bo Zhao, Zheng Zheng10 
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the cosmological implications from final measurements of clustering using galaxies, quasars, and Lyα forests from the completed SDSS lineage of experiments in large-scale structure.
Abstract: We present the cosmological implications from final measurements of clustering using galaxies, quasars, and Lyα forests from the completed Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) lineage of experiments in large-scale structure. These experiments, composed of data from SDSS, SDSS-II, BOSS, and eBOSS, offer independent measurements of baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements of angular-diameter distances and Hubble distances relative to the sound horizon, rd, from eight different samples and six measurements of the growth rate parameter, fσ8, from redshift-space distortions (RSD). This composite sample is the most constraining of its kind and allows us to perform a comprehensive assessment of the cosmological model after two decades of dedicated spectroscopic observation. We show that the BAO data alone are able to rule out dark-energy-free models at more than eight standard deviations in an extension to the flat, ΛCDM model that allows for curvature. When combined with Planck Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) measurements of temperature and polarization, under the same model, the BAO data provide nearly an order of magnitude improvement on curvature constraints relative to primary CMB constraints alone. Independent of distance measurements, the SDSS RSD data complement weak lensing measurements from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) in demonstrating a preference for a flat ΛCDM cosmological model when combined with Planck measurements. The combined BAO and RSD measurements indicate σ8=0.85±0.03, implying a growth rate that is consistent with predictions from Planck temperature and polarization data and with General Relativity. When combining the results of SDSS BAO and RSD, Planck, Pantheon Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), and DES weak lensing and clustering measurements, all multiple-parameter extensions remain consistent with a ΛCDM model. Regardless of cosmological model, the precision on each of the three parameters, ωΛ, H0, and σ8, remains at roughly 1%, showing changes of less than 0.6% in the central values between models. In a model that allows for free curvature and a time-evolving equation of state for dark energy, the combined samples produce a constraint ωk=-0.0022±0.0022. The dark energy constraints lead to w0=-0.909±0.081 and wa=-0.49-0.30+0.35, corresponding to an equation of state of wp=-1.018±0.032 at a pivot redshift zp=0.29 and a Dark Energy Task Force Figure of Merit of 94. The inverse distance ladder measurement under this model yields H0=68.18±0.79 km s-1 Mpc-1, remaining in tension with several direct determination methods; the BAO data allow Hubble constant estimates that are robust against the assumption of the cosmological model. In addition, the BAO data allow estimates of H0 that are independent of the CMB data, with similar central values and precision under a ΛCDM model. Our most constraining combination of data gives the upper limit on the sum of neutrino masses at mν<0.115 eV (95% confidence). Finally, we consider the improvements in cosmology constraints over the last decade by comparing our results to a sample representative of the period 2000-2010. We compute the relative gain across the five dimensions spanned by w, ωk, mν, H0, and σ8 and find that the SDSS BAO and RSD data reduce the total posterior volume by a factor of 40 relative to the previous generation. Adding again the Planck, DES, and Pantheon SN Ia samples leads to an overall contraction in the five-dimensional posterior volume of 3 orders of magnitude.

575 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Dec 2011-Science
TL;DR: A threshold in prey abundance is identified below which seabirds experience consistently reduced and more variable productivity and provides an indicator of the minimal forage fish biomass needed to sustain seabird productivity over the long term.
Abstract: Determining the form of key predator-prey relationships is critical for understanding marine ecosystem dynamics. Using a comprehensive global database, we quantified the effect of fluctuations in food abundance on seabird breeding success. We identified a threshold in prey (fish and krill, termed “forage fish”) abundance below which seabirds experience consistently reduced and more variable productivity. This response was common to all seven ecosystems and 14 bird species examined within the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans. The threshold approximated one-third of the maximum prey biomass observed in long-term studies. This provides an indicator of the minimal forage fish biomass needed to sustain seabird productivity over the long term.

575 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel approach is presented by utilizing disordered light within a standard multimode optical fibre for lensless microscopy and optical mode conversion and showing how such control can realize a new form of mode converter and generate various types of advanced light fields such as propagation-invariant beams and optical vortices.
Abstract: technology. This has been necessitated by the need to access hostile or difficult environments in situ and in vivo. strategies to date have included the use of specialist fibres and miniaturized scanning systems accompanied by ingenious microfabricated lenses. Here we present a novel approach for this field by utilizing disordered light within a standard multimode optical fibre for lensless microscopy and optical mode conversion. We demonstrate the modalities of bright- and dark-field imaging and scanning fluorescence microscopy at acquisition rates that allow observation of dynamic processes such as Brownian motion of mesoscopic particles. Furthermore, we show how such control can realize a new form of mode converter and generate various types of advanced light fields such as propagation-invariant beams and optical vortices. These may be useful for future fibre-based implementations of super-resolution or light-sheet microscopy.

575 citations


Authors

Showing all 16531 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Yi Chen2174342293080
Paul M. Thompson1832271146736
Ian J. Deary1661795114161
Dongyuan Zhao160872106451
Mark J. Smyth15371388783
Harry Campbell150897115457
William J. Sutherland14896694423
Thomas J. Smith1401775113919
John A. Peacock140565125416
Jean-Marie Tarascon136853137673
David A. Jackson136109568352
Ian Ford13467885769
Timothy J. Mitchison13340466418
Will J. Percival12947387752
David P. Lane12956890787
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023127
2022387
20211,998
20201,996
20192,059
20181,946