Institution
University of Stirling
Education•Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom•
About: University of Stirling is a education organization based out in Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Polyunsaturated fatty acid. The organization has 7722 authors who have published 20549 publications receiving 732940 citations. The organization is also known as: Stirling University.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: The guidance from the Medical Research Council as discussed by the authors emphasizes that natural experiments can provide convincing evidence of impact even when effects are small or take time to appear, and careful choice and combination of methods, testing of assumptions and transparent reporting is vital.
Abstract: Natural experimental studies are often recommended as a way of understanding the health impact of policies and other large scale interventions. Although they have certain advantages over planned experiments, and may be the only option when it is impossible to manipulate exposure to the intervention, natural experimental studies are more susceptible to bias. This paper introduces new guidance from the Medical Research Council to help researchers and users, funders and publishers of research evidence make the best use of natural experimental approaches to evaluating population health interventions. The guidance emphasises that natural experiments can provide convincing evidence of impact even when effects are small or take time to appear. However, a good understanding is needed of the process determining exposure to the intervention, and careful choice and combination of methods, testing of assumptions and transparent reporting is vital. More could be learnt from natural experiments in future as experience of promising but lesser used methods accumulates.
671 citations
••
TL;DR: A meta-analysis found a significant suppressive effect of testosterone on immunity, in support of the hypothesis, but this effect disappeared when the authors controlled for multiple studies on the same species, and a funnel analysis indicated that the results were robust to a publication bias.
670 citations
Broad Institute1, University of Oxford2, University of Bern3, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology4, Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute5, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute6, University of Konstanz7, Agency for Science, Technology and Research8, Reed College9, Stanford University10, California Institute of Technology11, Benaroya Research Institute12, University of Rennes13, Georgia Institute of Technology14, University of Maryland, College Park15, University of Basel16, University of Texas at Austin17, Tokyo Institute of Technology18, National Museum of Natural History19, University of Stirling20, Carnegie Institution for Science21, National Cheng Kung University22, Science for Life Laboratory23, Norwich University24
TL;DR: It is concluded that a number of molecular mechanisms shaped East African cichlid genomes, and that amassing of standing variation during periods of relaxed purifying selection may have been important in facilitating subsequent evolutionary diversification.
Abstract: Cichlid fishes are famous for large, diverse and replicated adaptive radiations in the Great Lakes of East Africa. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying cichlid phenotypic diversity, we sequenced the genomes and transcriptomes of five lineages of African cichlids: the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), an ancestral lineage with low diversity; and four members of the East African lineage: Neolamprologus brichardi/pulcher (older radiation, Lake Tanganyika), Metriaclima zebra (recent radiation, Lake Malawi), Pundamilia nyererei (very recent radiation, Lake Victoria), and Astatotilapia burtoni (riverine species around Lake Tanganyika). We found an excess of gene duplications in the East African lineage compared to tilapia and other teleosts, an abundance of non-coding element divergence, accelerated coding sequence evolution, expression divergence associated with transposable element insertions, and regulation by novel microRNAs. In addition, we analysed sequence data from sixty individuals representing six closely related species from Lake Victoria, and show genome-wide diversifying selection on coding and regulatory variants, some of which were recruited from ancient polymorphisms. We conclude that a number of molecular mechanisms shaped East African cichlid genomes, and that amassing of standing variation during periods of relaxed purifying selection may have been important in facilitating subsequent evolutionary diversification.
666 citations
••
TL;DR: RO can be used successfully as a substitute for fish oil in the culture of Atlantic salmon in sea water although at levels of RO >50% of dietary lipid, substantial reductions occur in muscle 20:5(n-3), 22:6( n-3) and the (n- 3)/(n -6) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio, which will result in reduced availability of the ( n- 3) highly unsaturated fatty acids that are beneficial for human
Abstract: Duplicate groups of Atlantic salmon post-smolts were fed five practical-type diets in which the added lipid was 100% fish oil [FO; 0% rapeseed oil (0% RO)], 90% FO + 10% RO (10% RO), 75% FO + 25% RO (25% RO), 50% FO + 50% RO (50% RO) or 100% RO, for a period of 17 wk. There were no effects of diet on growth rate or feed conversion nor were any histopathological lesions found in liver, heart, muscle or kidney. The greatest accumulation of muscle lipid was in fish fed 0% RO, which corresponded to significantly lower muscle protein in this group. The highest lipid levels in liver were found in fish fed 100% RO. Fatty acid compositions of muscle lipid correlated with RO inclusion in that the proportions of 18:1(n-9), 18:2(n-6) and 18:3(n-3) all increased with increasing dietary RO (r = 0.98-1.00, P 50% of dietary lipid, substantial reductions occur in muscle 20:5(n-3), 22:6(n-3) and the (n-3)/(n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio, which will result in reduced availability of the (n-3) highly unsaturated fatty acids that are beneficial for human health.
660 citations
••
TL;DR: An exercise to validate the assessment of the mRS over the telephone by nonphysician interviewers using an analogously structured interview for the modified Rankin Scale.
Abstract: Background and Purpose— The modified Rankin Scale is widely used to assess changes in activity and lifestyle after stroke, but it has been criticized for its subjectivity. The purpose of the present study was to compare conventional assessment on the modified Rankin Scale with assessment through a structured interview. Methods— Sixty-three patients with stroke 6 to 24 months previously were interviewed and graded independently on the modified Rankin Scale by 2 observers. These observers then underwent training in use of a structured interview for the scale that covered 5 areas of everyday function. Eight weeks after the first assessment, the same observers reassessed 58 of these patients using the structured interview. Results— Interrater reliability was measured with the κ statistic (weighted with quadratic weights). For the scale applied conventionally, overall agreement between the 2 raters was 57% (κw=0.78); 1 rater assigned significantly lower grades than the other (P=0.048). On the structured interv...
646 citations
Authors
Showing all 7824 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Paul M. Thompson | 183 | 2271 | 146736 |
Alan D. Baddeley | 137 | 467 | 89497 |
Wolf Singer | 124 | 580 | 72591 |
John J. McGrath | 120 | 791 | 124804 |
Richard J. Simpson | 113 | 850 | 59378 |
David I. Perrett | 110 | 350 | 45878 |
Simon P. Driver | 109 | 455 | 46299 |
David J. Williams | 107 | 2060 | 62440 |
Linqing Wen | 107 | 412 | 70794 |
John A. Raven | 106 | 555 | 44382 |
David Coward | 103 | 400 | 67118 |
Stuart J. H. Biddle | 102 | 484 | 41251 |
Malcolm T. McCulloch | 100 | 371 | 36914 |
Andrew P. Dobson | 98 | 322 | 44211 |
Lister Staveley-Smith | 95 | 599 | 36924 |