Institution
University of Stirling
Education•Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom•
About: University of Stirling is a education organization based out in Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 7722 authors who have published 20549 publications receiving 732940 citations. The organization is also known as: Stirling University.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: An approach to sport psychology that understands groups not simply as features of sporting contexts but rather as elements that can be incorporated into a person’s sense of self and become powerful determinants of their sport-related behavior is outlined.
Abstract: Drawing on social identity theory and self-categorization theory, we outline an approach to sport psychology that understands groups not simply as features of sporting contexts but rather as elements that can be, and often are, incorporated into a person's sense of self and, through this, become powerful determinants of their sport-related behavior. The underpinnings of this social identity approach are outlined, and four key lessons for sport that are indicative of the analytical and practical power of the approach are presented. These suggest that social identity is the basis for sports group (1) behavior, (2) formation and development, (3) support and stress appraisal, and (4) leadership. Building on recent developments within sport science, we outline an agenda for future research by identifying a range of topics to which the social identity approach could fruitfully contribute.
154 citations
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TL;DR: It is found that glucosinolate production can increase photosynthetic requirements by at least 15% and that this cost is specific to the suite of glucos inolates found in A. thaliana, with other combinations of glucOSinolates being even more costly.
Abstract: Summary
Here, we describe our updated mathematical model of Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia metabolism, which adds the glucosinolates, an important group of secondary metabolites, to the reactions of primary metabolism. In so doing, we also describe the evolutionary origins of the enzymes involved in glucosinolate synthesis. We use this model to address a long-standing question in plant evolutionary biology: whether or not apparently defensive compounds such as glucosinolates are metabolically costly to produce.
We use flux balance analysis to estimate the flux through every metabolic reaction in the model both when glucosinolates are synthesized and when they are absent. As a result, we can compare the metabolic costs of cell synthesis with and without these compounds, as well as inferring which reactions have their flux altered by glucosinolate synthesis.
We find that glucosinolate production can increase photosynthetic requirements by at least 15% and that this cost is specific to the suite of glucosinolates found in A. thaliana, with other combinations of glucosinolates being even more costly.
These observations suggest that glucosinolates have evolved, and indeed likely continue to evolve, for herbivory defense, since only this interpretation explains the maintenance of such costly traits.
154 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the expression of fatty acyl desaturase and elongase genes in a marine teleost, cobia, was investigated in yeast and was shown to result in desaturation of 18:3 n −3 and 18:2 n −6.
154 citations
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TL;DR: The data indicate that both feedback inhibition through increased n−3 HUFA and decreased C18 fatty acyl substrate concentration are probably important in determining the level of hepatocyte fatty Acyl desaturation and that 18∶2n−6 and 18∷3n−3 may differ in their effects on this pathway.
Abstract: Fatty acyl desaturase activities, involved in the conversion of the C18 EFA 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 to the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3, are known to be under nutritional regulation. Specifically, the activity of the desaturation/elongation pathway is depressed when animals, including fish, are fed fish oils rich in n-3 HUFA compared to animals fed vegetable oils rich in C18 EFA. The primary aims of the present study were (i) to establish the relative importance of product inhibition (n-3 HUFA) vs. increased substrate concentration (C18 EFA) and (ii) to determine whether 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 differ in their effects on the hepatic fatty acyl desaturation/elongation pathway in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Smolts were fed 10 experimental diets containing blends of two vegetable oils, linseed (LO) and rapeseed oil (RO), and fish oil (FO) in a triangular mixture design for 50 wk. Fish were sampled after 32 and 50 wk, lipid and FA composition of liver determined, fatty acyl desaturation/elongation activity estimated in hepatocytes using [1-14C]18:3n-3 as substrate, and the data subjected to regression analyses. Dietary 18:2n-6 was positively correlated, and n-3 HUFA negatively correlated, with lipid content of liver. Dietary 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were positively correlated with liver FA with a slope greater than unity suggesting relative retention and deposition of these HUFA. In contrast, dietary 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 were positively correlated with liver FA with a slope of less than unity suggesting metabolism via beta-oxidation and/or desaturation/elongation. Consistent with this, fatty acyl desaturation/elongation in hepatocytes was significantly increased by feeding diets containing vegetable oils. Dietary 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 levels were negatively correlated with hepatocyte fatty acyl desaturation. At 32 wk, 18:2n-6 but not 18:3n-3 was positively correlated with hepatocyte fatty acyl desaturation, whereas the reverse was true at 50 wk. The data indicate that both feedback inhibition through increased n-3 HUFA and decreased C18 fatty acyl substrate concentration are probably important in determining the level of hepatocyte fatty acyl desaturation and that 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 may differ in their effects on this pathway.
153 citations
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TL;DR: The three pollutants chosen showed contrasting dominant ecotoxicological modes of action, in terms of the relative importance of production and mortality effects, and this could be easily assessed using a novel toxicity test design.
152 citations
Authors
Showing all 7824 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Paul M. Thompson | 183 | 2271 | 146736 |
Alan D. Baddeley | 137 | 467 | 89497 |
Wolf Singer | 124 | 580 | 72591 |
John J. McGrath | 120 | 791 | 124804 |
Richard J. Simpson | 113 | 850 | 59378 |
David I. Perrett | 110 | 350 | 45878 |
Simon P. Driver | 109 | 455 | 46299 |
David J. Williams | 107 | 2060 | 62440 |
Linqing Wen | 107 | 412 | 70794 |
John A. Raven | 106 | 555 | 44382 |
David Coward | 103 | 400 | 67118 |
Stuart J. H. Biddle | 102 | 484 | 41251 |
Malcolm T. McCulloch | 100 | 371 | 36914 |
Andrew P. Dobson | 98 | 322 | 44211 |
Lister Staveley-Smith | 95 | 599 | 36924 |