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Institution

University of Stuttgart

EducationStuttgart, Germany
About: University of Stuttgart is a education organization based out in Stuttgart, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Finite element method. The organization has 27715 authors who have published 56370 publications receiving 1363382 citations. The organization is also known as: Universität Stuttgart.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Reactions based on lipase catalysis usually proceed with high regio- and enantioselectivity, and the Ca2+ antagonist diltiazem was obtained with lipase from Serratia marcescens.
Abstract: Unusually versatile substrate specificity is shown by lipases. Not only do they hydrolyze triacylglycerols-for example, in the stomach and intestine during digestion of dietary fat-and various synthetic esters and amides, but their high stability in organic solvents permits their use in transesterification reactions and ester synthesis as well. Reactions based on lipase catalysis usually proceed with high regio- and enantioselectivity. Thus, the Ca2+ antagonist diltiazem (1) was obtained with lipase from Serratia marcescens. Over 30 lipases have been cloned in the last few years. Since the tertiary structure of 12 lipases is known, there are presently significant efforts to improve this class of enzymes by protein engineering techniques, in view of their use in detergents and other fields of industrial application.

1,145 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There are significant roots in general and in particular to the CIRP community – which point towards CPPS, and expectations towards research in and implementation of CPS and CPPS are outlined.
Abstract: One of the most significant advances in the development of computer science, information and communication technologies is represented by the cyber-physical systems (CPS). They are systems of collaborating computational entities which are in intensive connection with the surrounding physical world and its on-going processes, providing and using, at the same time, data-accessing and data-processing services available on the Internet. Cyber-physical production systems (CPPS), relying on the latest, and the foreseeable further developments of computer science, information and communication technologies on one hand, and of manufacturing science and technology, on the other, may lead to the 4th industrial revolution, frequently noted as Industrie 4.0. The paper underlines that there are significant roots in general – and in particular to the CIRP community – which point towards CPPS. Expectations towards research in and implementation of CPS and CPPS are outlined and some case studies are introduced. Related new R&D challenges are highlighted.

1,123 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Several (laboratory-scale) continuous anaerobic/aerobic processes for the treatment of wastewaters containing azo dyes have recently been described.
Abstract: Azo dyes are the most important group of synthetic colorants. They are generally considered as xenobiotic compounds that are very recalcitrant against biodegradative processes. Nevertheless, during the last few years it has been demonstrated that several microorganisms are able, under certain environmental conditions, to transform azo dyes to non-colored products or even to completely mineralize them. Thus, various lignolytic fungi were shown to decolorize azo dyes using ligninases, manganese peroxidases or laccases. For some model dyes, the degradative pathways have been investigated and a true mineralization to carbon dioxide has been shown. The bacterial metabolism of azo dyes is initiated in most cases by a reductive cleavage of the azo bond, which results in the formation of (usually colorless) amines. These reductive processes have been described for some aerobic bacteria, which can grow with (rather simple) azo compounds. These specifically adapted microorganisms synthesize true azoreductases, which reductively cleave the azo group in the presence of molecular oxygen. Much more common is the reductive cleavage of azo dyes under anaerobic conditions. These reactions usually occur with rather low specific activities but are extremely unspecific with regard to the organisms involved and the dyes converted. In these unspecific anaerobic processes, low-molecular weight redox mediators (e.g. flavins or quinones) which are enzymatically reduced by the cells (or chemically by bulk reductants in the environment) are very often involved. These reduced mediator compounds reduce the azo group in a purely chemical reaction. The (sulfonated) amines that are formed in the course of these reactions may be degraded aerobically. Therefore, several (laboratory-scale) continuous anaerobic/aerobic processes for the treatment of wastewaters containing azo dyes have recently been described.

1,119 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel control strategy for multi-agent coordination with event-based broadcasting is presented, in which each agent decides itself when to transmit its current state to its neighbors and the local control laws are based on these sampled state measurements.

1,077 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Review will focus on the major classes of columnar mesogens rather than presenting a library of columner liquid crystals, and emphasis will be given to efficient synthetic procedures, and relevant mesomorphic and physical properties.
Abstract: Most associate liquid crystals with their everyday use in laptop computers, mobile phones, digital cameras, and other electronic devices. However, in contrast to their rodlike (calamitic) counterparts, first described in 1907 by Vorlander, disklike (discotic, columnar) liquid crystals, which were discovered in 1977 by Chandrasekhar et al., offer further applications as a result of their orientation in the columnar mesophase, making them ideal candidates for molecular wires in various optical and electronic devices such as photocopiers, laser printers, photovoltaic cells, light-emitting diodes, field-effect transistors, and holographic data storage. Beginning with an overview of the various mesophases and characterization methods, this Review will focus on the major classes of columnar mesogens rather than presenting a library of columnar liquid crystals. Emphasis will be given to efficient synthetic procedures, and relevant mesomorphic and physical properties. Finally, some applications and perspectives in materials science and molecular electronics will be discussed.

1,056 citations


Authors

Showing all 28043 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Yi Chen2174342293080
Robert J. Lefkowitz214860147995
Michael Kramer1671713127224
Andrew G. Clark140823123333
Stephen D. Walter11251357012
Fedor Jelezko10341342616
Ulrich Gösele10260346223
Dirk Helbing10164256810
Ioan Pop101137047540
Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci9959154055
Matthias Komm9983243275
Hans-Joachim Werner9831748508
Richard R. Ernst9635253100
Xiaoming Sun9638247153
Feng Chen95213853881
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023147
2022482
20212,588
20202,646
20192,654
20182,525