Showing papers by "University of Tennessee Health Science Center published in 1976"
TL;DR: Application of this technique has revealed that peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by antigen or mitogen in vitro produce a factor that is chemotactic for human dermal fibroblasts that could function to attact connective tissue fibro Blasts to sites at which cell-mediated immune reactions are occurring in vivo.
Abstract: A quantitative assay that measures fibroblast chemotaxis in vitro is described. Application of this technique has revealed that peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by antigen or mitogen in vitro produce a factor that is chemotactic for human dermal fibroblasts. This lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor for fibroblasts (LDCF-F) is different from the lymphokine that is chemotactic for monocytes or macrophages. Macrophages are required for the generation of LDCF-F by T lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin. The fibroblast chemotactic factor is heat stable (56 degrees C for 30 min), trypsin sensitive, and neuraminidase resistant. LDCF-F could function to attact connective tissue fibroblasts to sites at which cell-mediated immune reactions are occurring in vivo.
328 citations
TL;DR: This method is useful in detecting simultaneously the position of proteins and sialoglycoproteins in the commonly used SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
101 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that prostaglandins modulate adrenergic transmission ia mesenteric arteries and this effect is species dependent and mediated through conversion of arachidonic acid to PG.
Abstract: In isolated perfused rabbit mesenteric arteries, prostaglandin (PG) E1 and E2, 1-5NG/ML, did not alter the basal perfusion pressure, but reduced the vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation; the responses to injected norepinephrine were reduced by PGE1 and variably affected by PGE2. In contrast, in rat mesenteric arteries PGE1 and PGE2, 1-5 ng/ml, potentiated the vasoconstrictor responses to nerve stimulation and to injected norepinephrine. In rabbit mesenteric arteries, the inhibitor of PG synthesis, indomethacin, augmented the responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation and to injected norepinephrine, whereas in rat mesenteric arteries indomethacin inhibited the responses to both adrenergic stimuli. Arachidonic acid, a PG precursor, reduced the vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation and to injected norepinephrine in rabbit, whereas in rat, potentiation of the responses to adrenergic stimuli occurred. Since these effects of arachidonic acid were abolished by the simultaneous infusion of indomethacin, they appear to be mediated through conversion of arachidonic acid to PG. We conclude that prostaglandins modulate adrenergic transmission in mesenteric arteries and this effect is species dependent.
90 citations
TL;DR: A 41-year-old woman manifested polyneuropathy, anasarca, pseudotumor cerebri, hyperhidrosis and hyperpigmentation of the skin, generalized lymphadenopathy, distal esophageal dysphagia, p...
Abstract: A 41-year-old woman manifested a polyneuropathy, anasarca, pseudotumor cerebri, hyperhidrosis and hyperpigmentation of the skin, generalized lymphadenopathy, distal esophageal dysphagia, p...
61 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that P GE2 can act in the central nervous system to stimulate ADH release and this finding is consistent with a role of PGE2 in the control ofADH release.
Abstract: In an attempt to determine whether prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can act centrally to affect the release of vasopressin (ADH), the ventriculo-cisternal system of anaesthetized dogs was perfused with PGE2. When PGE2 was perfused at a rate of 76-4 ng/min (0-19 ml/min), the plasma ADH concentration was unchanged. However, perfusion of PGE2 at a rate of 152-8 ng/min (0-19 ml/min) resulted in a significant increase in the plasma ADH concentration from the control value of 9-0 +/- 2-2 (S.E.M.) to 18-8 +/- 3-9 muu./ml at 10 min and to 41-0 +/- 16-7 muu./ml at 30 min after the start of the perfusion. There were no changes in arterial blood pressure, rectal temperature, plasma osmolality, and the plasma concentrations of sodium and potassium. In additional experiments, i.v. injection of indomethacin (2 or 20 mg/kg) decreased the plasma ADH concentration by approximately 50%. Although this finding is consistent with a role of PGE2 in the control of ADH release, it could also have been due to the observed increases in arterial blood pressure and effective left atrial pressure. Plasma renin activity was unchanged in the indomethacin experiments. It is concluded that PGE2 can act in the central nervous system to stimulate ADH release.
50 citations
TL;DR: Conclusions from the study indicate that early intervention helps the child in earlier attainment of many developmental tasks and enhances functioning of the family unit.
Abstract: Developmental data were obtained on 40 children with Down's syndrome by an interdisciplinary team during an ongoing early intervention program. Interventive methods are described. Results are compared with available data on children with Down's syndrome who were not in early intervention programs. Comparisons of developmental progress are also made of children begun in the early intervention program before six months of age with those begun after six months of age. Conclusions from the study indicate that early intervention helps the child in earlier attainment of many developmental tasks and enhances functioning of the family unit.
38 citations
TL;DR: In a study of the interaction of hospitalized alcoholic and nonalcoholic husbands and their wives, husbands tended to speak more during alcohol-related conversations, while wives spoke more when discussing other topics.
Abstract: In a study of the interaction of hospitalized alcoholic and nonalcoholic husbands and their wives, husbands tended to speak more during alcohol-related conversations, while wives spoke more when discussing other topics. Wives in both groups looked at their spouses more than their husbands did during alcohol-focused periods.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a strain of Proteus rettgeri resistant to all antibiotics commonly tested in hospital laboratories was found to cause at least 127 cases of nosocomial infection over 22-1/2 months.
Abstract: Over 22-1/2 months an epidemic of at least 127 cases of nosocomial infection developed from a strain of Proteus rettgeri resistant to all antibiotics commonly tested in hospital laboratories. Although there were at least four cases of septicemia and one related death, the majority of cases consisted of asymptomatic bacteriuria or clinically mild urinary tract infection. Indwelling urinary tract devices and antibiotic therapy were important predisposing factors. Data supported an association between increasing use of gentamicin and increasing rates of resistant infection. No common source was found, and contact spread appeared more likely. Control measures included efforts to reduce unnecessary exposure to the incriminated risk factors and to improve asepsis in the management of catheterized patients. An additional 36 cases and one related death were identified in the 7-1/2 months following the investigation and institution of control measures. Nosocomial infection with extremely resistant organisms may pose a serious hazard wherever indwelling urinary tract devices and antibiotics are used together intensively.
33 citations
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: The ability of central AII to stimulate ADH release may depend, at least in part, upon the local release of prostaglandin biosynthesis, in anesthetized dogs.
Abstract: In anesthetized dogs, perfusion of the cerebral ventricles with indomethacin (IM), an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, at rates of 1.9 or 7.6 microgram/min was without effect on the plasma ADH concentration. Ventriculo-cisternal perfusion with angiotensin II (AII; 19 ng/min) resulted in a 3-fold increase in the plasma ADH concentration within 45 min. When AII and IM were perfused together, the plasma ADH concentration increased only 2-fold, a response which was significantly lower than that obtained with AII alone. Thus, the ability of central AII to stimulate ADH release may depend, at least in part, upon the local release of prostaglandins.
32 citations
TL;DR: This is apparently the first reported case in which allergic phenomena (asthma-like symptoms and eosinophilia) are associated with an aspergilloma occurring within a cavitary bronchogenic carcinoma.
30 citations
TL;DR: For a one-application technique, the polymeric adhesive coating provided more protection against decalcification of teeth under loose orthodontic bands than did either acidulated phosphate fluoride or stannous flouride.
TL;DR: The morphology of these three muscle cell types is a direct reflection of the three functions known to occur during backward and forward swimming movements in forked tail cercarial larvae.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The data indicate that ASI-222 has a greater therapeutic index than ouabain, and this difference may be partially explained by effects of ASi-222 on electrical properties of the heart.
Abstract: ASI-222,3beta-O-(4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-beta-d-galactopyranosyl) digitoxigenin, is a semi-synthetic cardiac glycoside patterned after a natural glycoside obtained from Cambodia. Effects of ASI-222 on contractile force in the isolated rabbit atria, cardiac contractile force, cardiac rate, ventricular excitability and functional refractory period in dogs, and acute toxicity in mice have been compared to those effects of ouabain. Both electrically driven and spontaneously beating atria demonstrated more rapid onset and greater maximum increases in contractile force with ASI-222 than with ouabain in equal bath concentrations. In the dog, ASI-222 increased cardiac contractile force more rapidly and at a lower cumulative dose than ouabain. Moreover, the maximum increase in contractile force obtained with ASI-222 was greater than that obtained with ouabain. The occurrence of ventricular ectopic beats was observed at a higher cumulative dose of ASI-222 than for ouabain. Also, ASI-222 produced a decrease in ventricular excitability and an increase in functional refractory period ot the ventricle. Ouabain, in the same molar dose, produced either no change or a slight increase in these parameters. Our data indicate that ASI-222 has a greater therapeutic index than ouabain. This difference may be partially explained by effects of ASI-222 on electrical properties of the heart.
TL;DR: Criteria for the assessment and treatment of this iatrogenic disease are presented and speculation is made that phenobarbital hepatitis is possibly more common than the small number of reported cases would indicate.
Abstract: Phenobarbital has infrequently been reported to cause hepatitis. The previously reported cases of barbiturate-induced jaundice are reviewed and data from two previously unreported cases are presented. A discussion of mechanisms of iatrogenic hepatotoxicity is presented with emphasis on idiosyncratic mechanisms. Hepatitis secondary to phenobarbital administration appears to be due to a hypersensitivity reaction. This mechanism seems most likely because of the commonly seen clinical picture of rash, fever and eosinophilia.Speculation is made that phenobarbital hepatitis is possibly more common than the small number of reported cases would indicate. Criteria for the assessment and treatment of this iatrogenic disease are presented.
TL;DR: Data suggest that selected stabilized psychiatric patients can be safely maintained in the community pharmacy and a carefully structured program and a pharmacist with special competencies are felt to be prerequisites for this type of service.
Abstract: The use of a community pharmacy as a facility for medication maintenance services usually provided by a mental health center was evaluated. The project pharmacist was affiliated with the community mental health center, the community pharmacy facility was borrowed for purposes of this study. Records and prepackaged medication were transported by the pharmacy-clinic. Medication histories were taken and maintained by the pharmacist. Problems such as medication noncompliance, drug side effects, drug interactions and minor alterations in the patients mental status were handled by the pharmacist. Telephone consultations with a psychiatrist were also available. Twenty-two patients were involved in the study over an eight-month period. The evaluation consisted of a patient acceptance questionnaire and a retrospective chart review analyzing the clinical response of patients. Data suggest that selected stabilized psychiatric patients can be safely maintained in the community pharmacy. A carefully structured program and a pharmacist with special competencies are felt to be prerequisites for this type of service.
TL;DR: Results might suggest that [131I]AVP clearance is at least a qualitative indicator of AVP clearance, and there was no significant correlation (P less than 0.20) between AVP cleared dogs and 131I labeled arginine vasopressin.
Abstract: Fourteen acutely hypophysectomized, anesthetized dogs were given a constant infusion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and 131I-labeled arginine vasopressin ([131I]AVP). After 90 min, 3 blood samples were collected at 15 min intervals for determination of total body clearances of immunoreactive AVP and immunoreactive [131I]AVP. Seven dogs were then nephrectomized. Ninety minutes later, a second set of 3 blood samples was collected at 15 min intervals for clearance measurements in these and the 7 time-control dogs. Prenephrectomy AVP clearance averaged 5.1+/-1.0 ml/min-kg (mean +/- SE, n=7), and the 210-240 min postnephrectomy AVP clearance average 4.9+/-0.8. The 90-120 min average clearance in the time-control dogs was 6.1+/-0.9 ml/min-kg (n=7) and AVP clearance in these dogs increased (P less than 0.01) with time to 7.3+/-0.9 ml/min-kg during the 210-240 min period of constant infusion. Although the postnephrectomy AVP clearance was not significantly changed from prenephrectomy levels, it was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than the 210-240 min average clearance in the time-controls. Clearance of [131I]AVP was 3.3+/-0.2 ml/min-kg (n=7) before nephrectomy and 2.9+/-0.2 ml/min-kg after nephrectomy. This was a significant 12% reduction (P less than 0.01). [131I]AVP clearance in the time control dogs was 3.9+/-0.3 during 90-120 min of infusion and 3.9+/-0.4 during 210-240 min of infusion. [131I]AVP clearance before nephrectomy was 79+/-12% of AVP clearance (P less than 0.005) and afther nephrectomy was 74+/-16% of AVP clearance (P less than 0.05). Although these results might suggest that [131I]AVP clearance is at least a qualitative indicator of AVP clearance, there was no significant correlation (P less than 0.20) between AVP clearance and [131I]AVP clearance.
TL;DR: The absence of complications or failures in either treatment group indicate that gonococcal arthritis is ordinarily quite responsive to low doses of penicillin given intramuscularly, and that massive intravenous therapy is unnecessary.
Abstract: Sixty-three patients with gonococcal arthritis completed a double-blind randomized penicillin therapy trial comparing a low dose regimen (procaine penicillin G, 600,000 units intramuscularly, given every 12 hours for up to ten days) with a high dose (the same procaine penicillin regimen and intravenous aqueous penicillin G, 10 million units daily, for the first three days). Pretherapy features were similar in the 36 patients allocated to low-dose vs the 27 to high-dose therapy. All patients had definite improvement within 48 hours of the initiation of either regimen. No therapeutic response variable studied differed significantly between the groups. Thus, no additional therapeutic benefit accrued from the high doses of penicillin. The absence of complications or failures in either treatment group indicate that gonococcal arthritis is ordinarily quite responsive to low doses of penicillin given intramuscularly, and that massive intravenous therapy is unnecessary. ( JAMA 236:2410-2412, 1976)
TL;DR: In this article, an improved synthesis of 6-amino-1,2,3,4,tetrahydro-2-methylisoquinoline is reported, along with the synthesis, isolation, and elucidation of the stereochemistry of three of the four possible diastereoisomers of the previously unreported 6 amino-2methyldecahydroisquinoline, and a combination of chemical evidence, involving conversion of the amines into the corresponding known alcohols and oxidation of the alcohols to the corresponding ketones, and spectral data
Abstract: An improved synthesis of 6-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methylisoquinoline is reported, along with the synthesis, isolation, and elucidation of the stereochemistry of three of the four possible diastereoisomers of the previously unreported 6-amino-2-methyldecahydroisoquinoline. Stereochemical assignments were made from a combination of chemical evidence, involving conversion of the amines into the corresponding known alcohols and oxidation of the alcohols to the corresponding ketones, and spectral data.
TL;DR: Rash, lymphadenopaty, splenomegaly, periorbital edema, and hepatitis occurred in an 18-year-old woman who was taking phenobarbital and hydrochlorothiazide, and liver biopsy was not characteristic of viral hepatitis.
Abstract: Rash, lymphadenopaty, splenomegaly, periorbital edema, and hepatitis occurred in an 18-year-old woman who was taking phenobarbital and hydrochlorothiazide. Tests for fluorescent antinuclear antibody and hepatitis-associated antigen and antibody were negative. Liver biopsy was not characteristic of viral hepatitis. Clinical recovery occurred within two weeks. Treatment consisted of withdrawal of the above drugs plus the administration of methylprednisolone and diphenhydramine.
TL;DR: It is proposed that the latter affects the DBH reaction in two different ways: It decomposes toxic peroxides, and it stabilizes the enzyme in some manner as yet unknown, as do the heterocyclics.
Abstract: The catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole causes an increase in dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) activity, as do other nitrogen-containing heterocyclics. Denatured catalase also causes an increase in activity, but in both cases, optimum activity is attained only in the presence of some native catalase. It is proposed that the latter affects the DBH reaction in two different ways: It decomposes toxic peroxides, and it stabilizes the enzyme in some manner as yet unknown, as do the heterocyclics. The nitrogen-containing compounds, and denatured catalase, protect DBH from inhibition by copper. Ideas concerning the relationships of copper, catalase, and DBH must be altered to accommodate these new data.
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: This study indicates that most patients with a severely ischemic extremity are candidates for revascularization and should have angiographic studies before amputation is considered.
Abstract: The results of 53 femoral to tibial artery bypass grafts have been reviewed. All were carried out in an attempt to salvage severely ischemic extremities which resulted from arteriosclerotic occlusive disease involving the femoral, popliteal, and tibial arterial systems as demonstrated by arteriography. Most grafts were done with autogenous vein; however, composite grafts comprised of a Dacron prosthesis and an autogenous vein and homologous veins were used in several patients. The initial salvage rate in these pregangrenous extremities was 74%. Fifty-two percent of the grafts remain patent at this writing, a period of 56 months in some instances. This study indicates that most patients with a severely ischemic extremity are candidates for revascularization and should have angiographic studies before amputation is considered.
TL;DR: This study investigated the effect of guaifenesin on the stool guaiac test in 31 healthy volunteers and found no evidence that the substance has an effect on the outcome of the test.
Abstract: IT HAS been stated that guaifenesin will give a positive guaiac reaction. 1 Although Ogburn and Craner 2 disputed this claim, inadequate data were presented. We have investigated the effect of guaifenesin on the stool guaiac test in 31 healthy volunteers. Subjects and Methods All subjects in this study were selected on the basis of a negative stool guaiac test in a control situation 24 hours prior to the study. There were no smokers in the population investigated. Volunteers with a history of any underlying gastrointestinal pathologic conditions (eg, ulceration, gastritis, carcinoma) were not allowed to participate. Subjects were instructed to maintain a normal diet but not to partake of rare or raw meat, alcohol, or other drugs seven days prior to and during the study. The study population consisted of three women and 28 men between the ages of 22 and 31 years. An explanation of the nature of
01 Dec 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the interplay of etiologic factors which contribute to malnutrition in the Gezira Irrigated Area, Sudan, and describe the food consumption patterns in relation to the physical environment, social structure, available food stuffs and traditional methods of food processing and preparation.
Abstract: In 1925, irrigation water brought the Gezira area of the Sudan under cotton production. The Gezira Irrigation Scheme transformed an agricultural and pastoral people into tenant cultivators and wage laborers. Twenty‐six years later, Mrs. G. M. Culwick documented dietary intake among the Scheme's inhabitants. Her account of village life details patterns of food consumption in relation to the physical environment, social structure, available food stuffs and traditional methods of food processing and preparation. Diet in the Gezira Irrigated Area, Sudan describes the interplay of etiologic factors which contribute to malnutrition.