Showing papers by "University of Tennessee Health Science Center published in 1978"
TL;DR: The data indicate that the secretion of vasopressin is elevated in the SH rat, however, the magnitude of this elevation may not be sufficient to account for the rising blood pressure in the young SH rat.
Abstract: Because vasopressin is one of the most potent naturally occurring pressor agents, and because of its importance in the regulation of blood volume and composition, we have undertaken a study of the role of vasopressin in the pathogenesis of the hypertension in the Okamoto-Aoki spontaneously hypertension (SH) rat. In SH rats, systolic blood pressure increased from 135 +/- 3 (SE) mmHg at age 33 days to 184 +/- 3 mmHg at age 75 days (P less than 0.01). In the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) control rats, blood pressure increased from 100 +/- 2 to 120 +/- 2 mmHg (P less than 0.01). The differences in blood pressure between the SH and WKY rats at all ages were significant (P less than 0.01). During the age period 33-75 days, the 24-h urinary excretion of vasopressin in the SH rat was consistently more than twofold greater (P less than 0.01) than in the WKY rat. Plasma vasopressin concentration and pituitary vasopressin content were also elevated in the SH rat (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.02, respectively). Changes in systolic blood pressure in the SH rat, however, were not paralleled by changes in the urinary excretion of vasopressin. The data indicate that the secretion of vasopressin is elevated in the SH rat. However, the magnitude of this elevation, in and of itself, may not be sufficient to account for the rising blood pressure in the young SH rat.
184 citations
TL;DR: Adherence of Escherichia coli to D -mannose-like residues on epithelial cells may be an important step in bacterial infection, and this raises the possibility of using simple sugars, such as methyl α - D-mannoside, in the prevention of infection by certain gram-negative bacteria.
104 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is presented for the existence of a gene, probably on the X chromosome, which prevents testis differentiation when present in 46,XY human embryos, and affected 46, XY women are not completely normal because of premature ovarian involution.
Abstract: Evidence is presented for the existence of a gene, probably on the X chromosome, which prevents testis differentiation when present in 46,XY human embryos. Affected 46,XY women are not completely normal because of premature ovarian involution, as a result of which they have "streak gonads" similiar to those of 45,X women.
94 citations
TL;DR: Pretreatment decreases the risk in this population of patients and is recommended as standard prophylaxis for patients requiring RCM who have had a previous AR and who had an essential need for a repeat RCM study.
Abstract: Patients with prior anaphylactoid reactions (AR) to radiographic contrast media (RCM) are at increased risk for another reaction upon repeat exposure to RCM. One hundred one patients, who had prior AR to RCM, who gave informed consent, and who had an essential need for a repeat RCM study, were pretreated with prednisone, 50 mg orally every 6 hours for 3 doses ending one hour prior to RCM study, and diphenhydramine, 50 mg intramuscularly, one hour prior to RCM study. The repeat RCM study was then carried out using standard procedures with resuscitation equipment readily available. Ninety-six patients had no reaction. Five of the 101 (4.95%) developed AR. These AR consisted only of mild urticaria or pruritus. No significant or life-threatening reactions occurred. Pretreatment decreases the risk in this population of patients and is recommended as standard prophylaxis for patients requiring RCM who have had a previous AR.
59 citations
46 citations
TL;DR: Ten commercially available root canal sealers were tested for cytotoxicity by the tissue culture--agar overlay method for periods of 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours and some sealers which were markedly toxic at 0 hour showed reducing levels of toxicity out to 96 hours.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this article, skills training has been applied to a diverse group of clients, ranging from shy college students to inaprogrammed adults, to identify those behaviors that reflect good social skills.
Abstract: A frequently overlooked element of any rapist or child molester's behavior is his social skills. We know that some sexual aggressives are very adept at interacting socially with a female, expressing themselves to others, requesting others to change their behavior, and accurately empathizing or appreciating the feeling states of others. On the other hand, some sexual aggressives are unable to maintain an adequate social interaction with an adult female, are unable to assert themselves appropriately with others, and, finally, some are cold and indifferent to others' feelings. In the past, these skills deficits have been viewed as characteristic of aggressives, but no formal means of evaluating or treating these deficits was available.In recent years behavioral approaches have begun to identify those behaviors that reflect good social skills. Concomitantly, skills training, a reeducative approach to teaching new skills, has been applied to a diverse group of clients, ranging from shy college students to inap...
29 citations
TL;DR: In anesthetized dogs, perfusion of the cerebral ventricles with indomethacin (IM), an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, at rates of 1.9 or 7.6 µg/min was without effect on the plasma ADH concentration.
Abstract: In anesthetized dogs, perfusion of the cerebral ventricles with indomethacin (IM), an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, at rates of 1.9 or 7.6 µg/min was without effect on the plasma ADH concentration. Ventriculo-cisternal perfusion with angiotensin II (All; 19 ng/min) resulted in a 3-fold increase in the plasma ADH concentration within 45 min. When All and IM were perfused together, the plasma ADH concentration increased only 2-fold, a response which was significantly lower than that obtained with All alone. Thus, the ability of central All to stimulate ADH release may depend, at least in part, upon the local release of prostaglandins.
28 citations
01 Jan 1978
23 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Morphologic changes induced by thio-TEPA were examined in animals with chemically induced neoplasms and toxic and metabolic effects were documented, but the metabolic effects are not sufficiently widespread to prevent tumor growth.
Abstract: Morphologic changes induced by thio-TEPA were examined in animals with chemically induced neoplasms. Both toxic and metabolic effects were documented. Degeneration, vacuolization and increased exfoliation (toxic) were most prominent, occurred within 48 hours of exposure, and tended to subside after removal of the drug. Nuclear changes (metabolic) were rare and occurred late. Neither toxic nor metabolic effects were specific for thio-TEPA: both could be detected in control animals receiving saline. The metabolic effects of thio-TEPA are not sufficiently widespread to prevent tumor growth.
22 citations
TL;DR: Over a period of several years, drug studies conducted at the Missouri Institute of Psychiatry and replicated in Turkey suggested that discharge problems of schizophrenia patients in both countries were severe, but diametrically opposed in nature.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The data indicate that the presence of an aminosugar group at position 4 of a sugar in a cardiac glycoside confers greater potency, similar to the other neutral sugar cardenolides.
Abstract: Two aminosugar cardiac glycosides, 3-beta-O-(4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl) digitoxigenin (ASI-222) and its 4-aminoglucose analog (ASI-254) have been shown in our laboratory to have a greater therapeutic index than ouabain (O) or digoxin (D). We have now compared the ability of ASI-222, its nonamino galactose analog (ASI-253), ASI-254, ouabain and digoxin to inhibit swine brain Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+-ATPase) and to increase contractile force of isolated, driven rabbit atria. As inhibitors of Na+,K+ -ATPase, both ASI-222 and ASI-254 were found to be about 10 times more potent than ASI-253, O or D (I50:ASI-222, 1.3 X 10(-7) M; ASI-254, 1.4 X 10(-7) M; ASI-253, 1.15 X 10(-6) M; D, 1.6 X 10(-6) M; O, 1.75 X 10(-6) 7). Moreover the potency of these glycosides in inhibiting Na+, K+ -ATPase correlates closely with the ability of these same glycosides to increase contractile force. The concentration needed to obtain 50% of the maximum increase in contractile force was 9.7 X 10(-8) M for ASI-254, 1.5 X 10(-7) M for ASI-222, 8.8 X 10(-7) M for ASI-253 8.4 X 10(-7) M for O and 1.2 X 10(-6) M for D. Since ASI-253, a nonaminogalactose analog of ASI-222, exhibits a potency in both of our test systems which is similar to the other neutral sugar cardenolides, our data also indicate that the presence of an aminosugar group at position 4 of a sugar in a cardiac glycoside confers greater potency.
TL;DR: There is probably an extremely low incidence of enhancement of warfarin-induced hypoprothrombinemia by indomethacin, based on the results of controlled clinical trials and on the rarity of case reports.
Abstract: A case report of a possible interaction between indomethacin and warfarin is presented. The effect of warfarin on the prothrombin time (PT) was enhanced while indomethacin was given concurrently. Substitution of Ibuprofen for indomethacin resulted in the desired control of the prothrombin time.Based on the results of controlled clinical trials and on the rarity of case reports, there is probably an extremely low incidence of enhancement of warfarin-induced hypoprothrombinemia by indomethacin.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: TCC of the bladder induced in C3H/HeJ mice by FANFT closely resemble their human counterpart and have been used to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy and/or BCG on the induction and growth of these tumors.
Abstract: Cure following surgery of bladder cancer is limited by recurrence of the original tumor or by the development of new primary tumors. TCC of the bladder induced in C3H/HeJ mice by FANFT closely resemble their human counterpart and have been used to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy and/or BCG on the induction and growth of these tumors. Three hundred five mice were divided into a control group of 30 and 11 treatment groups of 25. Therapy was initiated at 5 and 7 months after FANFT. The first tumors in this system are observed at 8 months with an expected incidence of 70-90% by 11 months. Therapy consisted of: 1) BCG; 2) cyclophosphamide; 3) cyclophosphamide + BCG; 4) cyclophosphamide + 5-FU; 5) cyclophosphamide + adriamycin; and 6) adriamycin. All mice were killed after 11 months on FANFT. Bladders were wieghed and the tumors were staged. Tumor incidence was reduced by only two regimens: adriamycin and cyclophosphamide + adriamycin. Cyclophosphamide significantly reduced subsequent tumor volume compared with the control group, with the effect being more pronounced in mice beginning treatment at 5 months. The combination regimens were superior to cyclophosphamide alone. BCG did not potentiate the antitumor action of cyclophosphamide and, when used alone, actually enhanced tumor growth (P less than 0.025). The use of BCG immunotherapy should be cautioned, but the effectiveness of the antineoplastic drugs suggests their use in clinical trials in patients with bladder cancer.
TL;DR: It is concluded that it is the characteristics of the myofibrillae, such as sarcomere length, cross-sectional diameter, triadic positions, and amounts of SR per unit volume of muscle, which best reflect contraction—relaxation speeds in the muscle studies here.
TL;DR: A reduction in physiological activity is seen soon after protein restriction in thymus and spleen organ wet weights and DNA content decreased as compared with control rats given a high protein diet.
Abstract: Young adult rats (body weight 90 g) were given a low protein (3% casein) diet for 6 days. Under these conditions, thymus and spleen organ wet weights and DNA content decreased as compared with control rats given a high protein ( 20% casein ) diet. The in vitro incorpora tion of amino acids into protein was followed using leucine as the radio active precursor. Ribosomes of tissues from the dietary rats were incubated together with soluble enzymes from liver of rats fed a stock diet, and co- factors. Ribosomal capacity for leucine incorporation into protein dimin ished in thymus by 33% per mg ribosomal RNA, 77% per total ribosomal RNA, and 43% per mg DNA. In spleen the corresponding reductions were 29%, 81%, and 31%; in bone marrow the decrease was 29% per mg ribo somal RNA, 56% per total ribosomal RNA, and 197o per mg DNA. A re duction in physiological activity is thus evident in these tissues soon after protein restriction. J. Nutr. 108: 1274-1280, 1978.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Five transplantable TCC initially induced by the carcinogen FANFT were systematically tested for individual immunogenicity and then for the presence of cross-reacting tumor antigens, finding none of which has important implications for the use of allogeneic tumor cells as an antigen source in immunotherapy.
Abstract: Five transplantable TCC initially induced by the carcinogen FANFT were systematically tested for individual immunogenicity and then for the presence of cross-reacting tumor antigens. The classic amputation challenge technique was used. Three of the 5 tumors were immunogenic, as determined by their ability to reduce the growth of a challenge tumor dose in mice immunized with the same bladder tumor. Prior immunization with one of the immunogenic tumors failed to reduce the incidence or growth of primary bladder tumors induced by the ingestion of 0.1% FANFT in C3H/HeJ mice. The lack of cross-reacting tumor antigens has important implications for the use of allogeneic tumor cells as an antigen source in immunotherapy.
TL;DR: It can be concluded that a 5-day course of 30 mg conjugated estrogen per day is an acceptable, effective and safe method of post-ovulatory interception.
TL;DR: An unusual adverse reaction to tolmetin sodium (Tolectin) is reported, and the patient is a 56-year-old man who was admitted to Veterans Administration Hospital, Memphis, Tenn, in April 1977 for increasing cough and shortness of breath.
Abstract: To the Editor.— We are reporting an unusual adverse reaction to tolmetin sodium (Tolectin). Many agents and drugs have been reported to cause drug fever. 1,2 Possibly because of the limited clinical exposure tolmetin has received, reported adverse reactions have not included fever. The following case presents what appears to be drug fever attributable to tolmetin. Report of a Case. — The patient is a 56-year-old man who was admitted to Veterans Administration Hospital, Memphis, Tenn, in April 1977 for increasing cough and shortness of breath. The patient's condition was diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis at the Memphis VA Hospital in 1974. In December 1976 drug therapy was changed from aspirin to tolmetin, and he obtained satisfactory relief of arthritic symptoms. Since then, he denies any episodes of fever, chills, night sweats, malaise, or skin eruptions. The physical examination results were consistent with pulmonary fibrotic changes and long-standing inflammatory joint disease.
TL;DR: Taste preferences among three oral liquid theophylline preparations were evaluated in 54 males, and results indicated a taste preference for Theophyl-225 Elixir, followed by Elixophyllin Pediatric Suspension, followed with Somophyll in Oral Liquid.
Abstract: Taste preferences among three oral liquid theophylline preparations were evaluated in 54 males. The products tested, and their theophylline concentrations, were Elixophyllin Pediatric Suspension (Cooper Laboratories, Inc.), 100 mg/5 ml; Somophyllin Oral Liquid (Fisons Corporation), 90 mg/5 ml; and Theophyl-225 Elixir (Knoll Pharmaceutical Company), 37.5 mg/5 ml. Generally-recommended procedures for taste tests were followed. The results indicated a taste preference for Theophyl-225 Elixir, followed by Elixophyllin Pediatric Suspension, followed by Somophyllin Oral Liquid. The results were statistically significant (p = 0.05). Product concentration and formulation were suggested to be major factors in determining taste preference.
TL;DR: HLA-B27 typing for B27 antigen is a helpful diagnostic aid in the classification of peripheral arthritis patients (especially young patients) who are rheumatoid factor negative and radiographs of the sacroiliac joints are important differential tests.
Abstract: HLA typing for B27 antigen is a helpful diagnostic aid in the classification of peripheral arthritis patients (especially young patients) who are rheumatoid factor negative. We studied 109 patients with seronegative peripheral arthritis belonging to various clinical categories; 23% proved to be B27 positive in comparison to 7 % of normal controls. In spite of a paucity of spinal manifestations there was a high prevalence of sacroiliitis (83%) in the B27 positive peripheral arthritis patients as opposed to only 21 % in those without B27 antigen. HLA-B27 typing and radiographs of the sacroiliac joints are important differential tests.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A conceptual model, based on the Grantly Dick-Read fear-tension-pain cycle concept, for intervening in pain in labor is presented and can serve as a guide to help break the cycle and to establish a new cycle which operates on positive, rather than negative, forces.
TL;DR: I see little merit in Preston’s suggestion that only articles that meet his standards of validity should carry a label of “ class 1” and that others should be labelled “class 2,” but if an editor accepts Preston”s dictum that the sole road to truth comes from the prospective randomized trial, he will reject reports, instead of labelling them as ”class 2.”
Journal Article•
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: The effects of warfarin on the prothrombin time (PT) in diabetic and nondiabetic patients and patients with a history of alcoholism or other drug abuse is studied.
Abstract: To the Editor.— Although the pharmaceutical manufacturer of warfarin sodium (Coumadin) has stated that diabetes mellitus is one of the factors possibly responsible for a decreased hypoprothrombinemic response to the drug, to our knowledge there are no data in the literature to support this claim. Therefore, we studied the effects of warfarin on the prothrombin time (PT) in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Subjects and Methods.— Patients for the study were found by retrospective and prospective chart review. Excluded from the study were patients with decreased liver function or thyroid disease, those taking any medication reported to interact with warfarin,1and those with a history of alcoholism or other drug abuse. All patients included in the investigation were hospitalized at the beginning of and during at least five to seven days of warfarin therapy. Patient information recorded included age, race, sex, diagnosis, all medications, and pertinent laboratory data such as
TL;DR: A high degree of correlation was osbserved between apparent dialytic rate constant (Kapp) of the drug and reported in-vivo bioavailability parameters for all 50mg tablets and capsules, but the 50mg capsule Kapp value did not correlate with the tablet data.
Abstract: The correlation of in-vitro dissolution-dialysis rates of solid dosage forms with in-vivo bioavailability was investigated. Dissolution-dialysis measurements were made of 50mg and 100mg tablets and capsules of Nitrofurantoin commercial products. The samples used represented product lots whose bioavailability had been previously reported. The dissolution-dialysis medium used was pH 7.2 phosphate buffer. A cellulose dialysis membrane was used. A high degree of correlation was osbserved between apparent dialytic rate constant (Kapp) of the drug and reported in-vivo bioavailability parameters for all 50mg tablets. But the 50mg capsule Kapp value, measured under the same test conditions, was higher and did not correlate with the tablet data. However a value correlating with tablet data was obtained when the stirring speed was reduced from 100 RPM to 10 RPM. A satisfactory correlation was not obtained for the 100 mg dosage forms. This might be due to bladder drug saturation reported to occur at higher d...
TL;DR: Although monetary savings to hospitals do exist with bid purchasing of pharmaceuticals, the degree of savings is dependent upon the drug usage for that hospital.
Abstract: The effects of bid purchasing of drug products by hospitals and the factors to consider in bid purchasing of pharmaceuticals are reviewed; further, the prices available with bid purchasing to a specific hospital in 1974 and 1977 are presented. Factors important for a successful bid purchasing system of pharmaceuticals are: (1) use of a formulary policy, (2) an effective procedure for handling bid purchasing and (3) criteria for evaluation of drug products. Significant differences were found between prices available with and without bid purchasing for 50 nonproprietary drug products in 1974 and for 19 products in 1977. Although monetary savings to hospitals do exist with bid purchasing of pharmaceuticals, the degree of savings is dependent upon the drug usage for that hospital.
TL;DR: The present study was prompted by the observation of linkage of bipolar affective disorder to two genetically distant loci in the X chromosome in some informative families 2–4 and a recent report of familial X-linked mental retardation in connection with an X chromosome defect.