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Showing papers by "University of Tennessee Health Science Center published in 1985"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Both patients with cancer had positive cytology findings and hematuria, suggesting that routine bladder biopsy in the asymptomatic patient may not be warranted and the high risk of malignancy in these patients is yet another compelling reason to minimize the use of long-term indwelling catheters.

192 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
15 Feb 1985-Science
TL;DR: Results suggest that insufflated erythrocytes, through their recyclable glutathione, protect rats from toxic oxygen species engendered by hyperoxia.
Abstract: Intact erythrocytes placed into the tracheobronchial tree of hyperoxic rats dramatically improved their chances for survival. Over 70 percent of the animals so treated survived more than 12 days during continuous exposure to 95 percent oxygen, whereas all of the control animals died within 96 hours. Lungs from erythrocyte-protected rats showed almost none of the morphologic damage suffered by untreated animals. Erythrocytes containing cyanomethemoglobin were as beneficial as normal erythrocytes, but cells in which glutathione was partially blocked were significantly less protective. Analogous results were obtained in vitro: 51Cr-labeled target cells released 70 to 90 percent of their label when exposed briefly to hydrogen peroxide or to toxic oxygen species generated by phorbol ester-stimulated neutrophils. Addition of intact erythrocytes decreased release by approximately 75 percent, but significantly less than this if red blood cell glutathione was partially blocked. These results suggest that insufflated erythrocytes, through their recyclable glutathione, protect rats from toxic oxygen species engendered by hyperoxia.

167 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1985-Chest
TL;DR: Routine morning radiographic examination frequently demonstrates unexpected or changing abnormalities, many of which prompt changes in diagnosis or management radiographic evaluation of a change in a patient's clinical condition has a higher yield than routine examinations; and post-procedure radiography examination uncommonly demonstrates complications related to the procedure, but frequently demonstrates abnormalities of tube or catheter placement.

140 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of this retrospective study do not support the use of conservative management for pregnancies complicated by severe preeclampsia in the second trimester.

116 citations


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: This chapter discusses gastrointestinal digestion and lipid absorption and discusses the various experimental models proposed to study the various aspects of the complex processes involved in the absorption and transport of dietary lipids.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses gastrointestinal digestion and lipid absorption. It also discusses the various experimental models proposed to study the various aspects of the complex processes involved in the absorption and transport of dietary lipids. The chapter presents the role of microtubules. The importance of microtubules and microfilaments in intestinal lipid absorption has been based on ultrastructural studies and drug studies utilizing agents that are known to interfere with microtubular function. Ultrastructural studies have repeatedly demonstrated the presence of microtubules and microfilaments in the proximity of intracellular structures assumed to be important in the formation of chylomicrons. One theory proposed is that the microtubular system may direct secretory vesicles to specific recognition sites on the cell membrane. The other evidence for the role of microtubules in lipid absorption has been derived from investigations using either colchicine or vincristine, two known inhibitors of microtubular assembly.

114 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Five cases of sarcoid presenting as an intracranial tumor are reported, and in one instance, the lesion presented as a tumor in the cerebellopontine angle, a site not previously reported for the initial presentation of Sarcoid isolated to the central nervous system.
Abstract: Five cases of sarcoid presenting as an intracranial tumor are reported. In one instance, the lesion presented as a tumor in the cerebellopontine angle, a site not previously reported for the initial presentation of sarcoid isolated to the central nervous system. The role of computerized tomography, surgery, and steroid therapy is discussed. In the absence of pulmonary involvement, serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels do not appear to be helpful in predicting steroid response.

50 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results show that the ability of fibronectin to support newt epidermal cell migration is not shared equally by all regions of the molecule, but is restricted to a domain in the middle third.
Abstract: The interaction of migrating newt epidermal cells with the extracellular matrix protein, fibronectin, was studied. Pieces of nitrocellulose coated with intact human plasma fibronectin or proteolytically derived fragments were implanted into wounded limbs so that the coated nitrocellulose served as wound bed for migrating epidermal cells as they attempted to form a wound epithelium. Epidermal cells migrated very poorly on nitrocellulose pieces coated with (a) a 27-kD amino-terminal heparin-binding fragment, (b) a 46-kD gelatin-binding fragment, (c) a combined 33- and 66-kD carboxy-terminal heparin-binding preparation representing peptide sequences in the A and B chains, respectively, or (d) a 31-kD carboxy-terminal fragment from the A chain, containing a free sulfhydryl group. In contrast, epidermal cells readily migrated onto nitrocellulose coated with a mixture of fragments from the middle of the molecule (80-125kD) that bind neither heparin nor gelatin. Attempts to block migration on fibronectin-coated nitrocellulose using IB10, a monoclonal antibody that blocks Chinese hamster ovary cell attachment to fibronectin, were unsuccessful despite saturation of the epitope against which IB10 is directed. In contrast, a polyclonal anti-fibronectin antibody did inhibit migration. These results show that the ability of fibronectin to support newt epidermal cell migration is not shared equally by all regions of the molecule, but is restricted to a domain in the middle third. They also suggest that the site supporting migration is separate and distinct from the site mediating Chinese hamster ovary cell attachment.

39 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Elastic fibres were observed in all lamellae of the anulus fibrosus at lumbar levels and they were circularly, obliquely and vertically oriented.
Abstract: Two intervertebral discs were removed at autopsy from the lumbar region of the spine from male or female adult human cases at the following ages: 26, 34, 43, 50 and 62 years. The discs were prepared by paraffin wax embedding, sectioned serially and stained with haematoxylin and eosin or by Verhoff's elastic fibre method. Four light microscopy photomicrographs were made of randomly selected 400 micron 2 areas of anulus fibrosus matrix (two each from different levels of a single disc). Each photomicrograph was examined for elastic fibres, and the areas occupied by them were quantitated by manual planimetry. Elastic fibres were observed in all lamellae of the anulus fibrosus at lumbar levels and they were circularly, obliquely and vertically oriented. Approximately 10% of the matrix of the anulus fibrosus consisted of elastic fibres and their numbers tended to decrease slightly with increasing age of the individual.

32 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The immunologic explosion has now reached the field of otology and by having better techniques to measure the changes at cellular and molecular levels, it is now possible to devise experiments to show morphologic anatomic changes as well as functional changes.
Abstract: The immunologic explosion has now reached the field of otology. By having better techniques to measure the changes at cellular and molecular levels, it is now possible to devise experiments to show morphologic anatomic changes as well as functional changes. The demonstration in 1980 (M.S.) that tympanosclerosis could be induced immunologically represents a concrete advancement in immunologic thinking in conceptualization of otologic disease. In 1974, one of the authors (M.S.) published work dealing with the treatment of vasculitis of immunologic origin for sudden hearing loss. This was aimed at inhibiting the complement cascade from starting its destructive action. Recently, the immunologic challenge in animals demonstrated by changes in the inner ear was shown by one of the authors (T.J.Y.). Such changes were compatible with labyrinthine hydrops, or Meniere's disease, otosclerosis, and sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A case of an extradural spinal arachnoid cyst is presented with emphasis on the neuroradiologic characteristics of this lesion, which was definitely diagnosed by delayed metrizamide spinal computed tomography.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Seventeen cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the cervix are presented and the long-term survival was in early stage IB-IIA.

Journal Article
TL;DR: PA from hamster or human AMs has a urokinase-type enzyme with molecular weights of 49,000 or 55,000, respectively, and PA activity was readily detected in lysates of freshly harvestedhuman AMs and lavage fluid.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Factors that influence perfusion heterogeneity, such as surgical trauma, should be carefully considered when correlating macro- and microcirculatory measurements of BF.
Abstract: The relationship between microvessel and tissue blood flow (BF) was determined with two different techniques during changes in local vasomotor tone in the rat cremaster muscle. Whole organ and regional BF were measured with the radioactive microsphere technique (BFms) and compared with values calculated in individual arterioles (BFc) using the dual-slit cross-correlation technique. In the muscle prepared for microcirculatory observation (i.e., dissected, surgically divided into a flattened sheet, and covered with clear plastic), resting BFms was 43 +/- 3 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1, which was significantly higher than paired BFms in the contralateral undisturbed muscle (24 +/- 7 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1). Over a range in vasomotor tone, regional BFms to the edge of the tissue, which was exposed to the trauma of the surgery, was 56 +/- 7 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1 compared with 38 +/- 5 in the less traumatized center region, a significant difference of 79 +/- 31%. There was no linear relationship between arteriolar BFc and BFms. The correlation was not improved if the factors of vessel size, vasomotor tone, animal size, or muscle size were considered. Changes in arteriolar BFc (y) overestimated changes in total tissue BFms (x) by a factor of 2 (y = 2.01x - 0.6; r = 0.86), but changes in arteriolar BFc were proportional to changes in BFms if only the center region (x) of the tissue was considered (y = 1.08x - 0.1; r = 0.84). The general implication from these results is that factors that influence perfusion heterogeneity, such as surgical trauma, should be carefully considered when correlating macro- and microcirculatory measurements of BF.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In contrast to findings of older studies, pyogenic liver abscess is now largely a disease of older adults who often have no identifiable predisposing process and the prognosis for such patients has become remarkably good, perhaps because of earlier diagnosis.
Abstract: :We reviewed the clinical features, methods of diagnosis, and outcome of 31 patients with pyogenic liver abscess seen at a private community hospital between 1973 and 1980 Two patient groups emerged Group 1 consisted of 25 patients who had classical signs and symptoms of primary liver absc

Journal Article
TL;DR: These studies demonstrated a relative localized increase in Type III collagen in the area surrounding the tumor acini, which suggested that these areas are of active and recent scar formation, which supports the current concept of the scar origin as a desmoplastic reaction of the host tissues toward the neoplastic cell growth.
Abstract: Immunohistopathologic and biochemical studies of different collagen types extracted from human scar carcinoma of the lungs have been carried out for definition and evaluation of which types of collagen are involved in the scarring mechanism of such tumors. Tumor homogenates treated with 0.5 M acetic acid and followed by limited proteolysis with pepsin and then by fractional salt precipitation, demonstrated that Type I collagen constitutes the major collagenous component in addition to a significant increase in Type V collagen extracted from human scar carcinoma of the lung. However, when normal membranoalveolar peripheral lung tissues were processed under the same experimental conditions, Type III and IV collagens were relatively higher. Immunohistochemical studies were carried out, and the results confirmed the data above. Furthermore, these studies demonstrated a relative localized increase in Type III collagen in the area surrounding the tumor acini, which suggested that these areas are of active and recent scar formation. This supports the current concept of the scar origin as a desmoplastic reaction of the host tissues toward the neoplastic cell growth.

01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: The clearance of vasopressin by the kidneys and splanchnic viscera was studied in the anesthetized dog and there is evidence that the renal organ clearance of VP is affected by changes in both glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow.
Abstract: The clearance of vasopressin (VP) by the kidneys and splanchnic viscera was studied in the anesthetized dog. VP is bound to plasma protein, 10% at basal plasma VP levels and 40% at plasma VP concentrations greater than 20 microU/ml. The urinary clearance of VP is 70-100% of the glomerular filtration rate; the renal organ clearance of the hormone is 20-30% greater than its urinary clearance. There is evidence that the renal organ clearance of VP is affected by changes in both glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow. The renal clearance of VP is a result of glomerular filtration, degradation, or reabsorption in the proximal nephron, and secretion into the distal nephron. In the short term, the renal clearance of VP is unaffected either by changes in the plasma VP concentration over a broad range or by moderate hemorrhage. The splanchnic clearance of VP is accomplished almost equally by the intestine and the liver. Because the sum of the splanchnic and renal clearances of VP is less than estimates of its metabolic clearance rate, there may be a physiologically significant clearance of VP by organs in addition to the kidneys and splanchnic viscera.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results show that E and NE can be released in response to suckling, and that activation of ductal mechanoreceptors may inhibit such release, which may operate to regulate the rate of milk removal during suckling in the rat.
Abstract: The hypothesis that catecholamines may be released by mammary gland stimulation during lactation was tested by measuring, with an HPLC electrochemical method, plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations during suckling in conscious rats and during electrical stimulation (pulses: 1 msec duration, 10/sec at 5–30 V) of the central end of a cut abdominal mammary nerve in urethaneanesthetized rats. Plasma E and NE concentrations were significantly elevated in two different strains of rats (Wistar and Holtzman) within 5 min of suckling. The concentration of E and NE did not change in control unsuckled rats during the same time period. As a complementary indication of sympathetic activation, it was observed that piloerection occurred during suckling. Plasma E levels (but not NE levels) increased significantly within 30 sec of a 2-min period of nerve stimulation in lactating rats on either day 7 or day 21 of lactation, as well as in nonlactating rats. The effect was significantly greater in nonl...

Journal Article
TL;DR: Clostridium difficile colitis occurred in a patient who received a single dose of cefazolin for prophylaxis at cesarean section and Prompt remission occurred after treatment with oral vancomycin.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two head injury patients who experienced the onset and/or exacerbation of post-concussion symptoms associated with increased environmental stress are presented and provide insight into the complex interaction between neurological and psychological factors following head injury.
Abstract: Two head injury patients who experienced the onset and/or exacerbation of post-concussion symptoms (i.e., headache, confusion, and memory difficulty) associated with increased environmental stress are presented. The cases provide insight into the complex interaction between neurological and psychological factors following head injury. Patients should be made aware of cognitive limitations during the recovery period so as to better determine acceptable levels of environmental stress. The development or exacerbation of post-concussion symptoms during convalescence signals the physician that a discrepancy exists between the patient's cognitive capacities and environmental demands. Timely intervention to modify environmental stress would help alleviate problems with post-concussion symptoms.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analysis of atomic emission spectroscopy is presented here showing the outer surface of the base metal dental casting alloy is decidedly enriched in beryllium as compared with the bulk composition of the alloy.
Abstract: Investigation of dissolution of base metal dental casting alloy constituents in aqueous solutions revealed an unexpectedly high level of beryllium as compared with the other constituents. Analysis of atomic emission spectroscopy is presented here showing the outer surface (0-100 A) is decidedly enriched in beryllium as compared with the bulk composition of the alloy. This localization is consistent in all samples and forms of the alloy tested.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A case of middle lobe torsion occurring after a right upper lobectomy is described and the combination of radiographic, bronchoscopic, and clinical findings should direct the clinician to the correct diagnosis.
Abstract: A case of middle lobe torsion occurring after a right upper lobectomy is described. The appearance of a wedge-shaped opacity with a characteristically positioned oblique fissure should alert the radiologist to the possibility of torsion. The combination of radiographic, bronchoscopic, and clinical findings should direct the clinician to the correct diagnosis.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The results suggest that PMNs may not be obligate mediators of emphysema and that BAPN-CdCl2-treated hamsters treated with specific antineutrophil serum were not affected by the role of PMNs.
Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the role of neutrophils (PMNs) in the pathogenesis of emphysema. After administration of CdCl2 intratracheally to hamsters fed a lathyrogen, beta-amino propionitrile fumarate (BAPN), the classic lesions of emphysema developed. Administration of specific antineutrophil serum markedly reduced the PMN influx into the lungs which followed CdCl2 exposure and produced a substantial decrease in elastase and collagenase content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL). The degree of emphysema in PMN-depleted hamsters given BAPN and CdCl2 was not different from that in hamsters given BAPN and CdCl2. Furthermore, the degree of acute lung injury following CdCl2, as determined by hydroxyproline content of BAL and by lung lipid peroxidation, was the same in PMN-depleted and non-depleted groups. Thus, PMNs were not necessary for the induction of emphysema in BAPN-CdCl2-treated hamsters. The results suggest that PMNs may not be obligate mediators of emphysema.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Vasopressin appears to be primarily a platelet membrane component and is not secreted in the usual way by agents modulating platelet function.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The validity of groin skin temperature as a relatively unobtrusive physiological measure of psychosexual arousal was tested for both males and females and implications of the findings for detecting low levels of Psychosexual arousal are discussed.
Abstract: The validity of groin skin temperature as a relatively unobtrusive physiological measure of psychosexual arousal was tested for both males and females. Groin skin temperature and hemodynamic (penile circumference, vaginal blood volume, and vaginal pulse amplitude) changes induced by erotic and non-erotic film presentations were monitored in 10 male and 10 female volunteers. Significant positive correlations (p<.001) between the measures were obtained for 16 of 20 subjects. Implications of the findings for detecting low levels of psychosexual arousal are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that the absorption of oleic acid, but not glucose, stimulates the synthesis of a vasoactive metabolite of arachidonate, such as lipoxygenase or cytochrome P-450 products.
Abstract: To test whether the hydrolytic products of digestion could stimulate vasoactive prostaglandin synthesis in the intestine, the muscularis and mucosa of the rat jejunum were suffused with a bicarbonate-buffered Ringer vehicle containing cyclooxygenase inhibitors (meclofenamate or indomethacin; 3 X 10(-5) M). To evoke blood flow changes, either glucose (56 mM), oleic acid (20 or 40 mM), or sodium arachidonate was added to the mucosal vehicle. Bile salt (taurocholic acid, 10 mM) was added to emulsify oleic acid. Blood flow was calculated (BFc) in submucosal arterioles by use of video microscopy. Neither bile salt nor cyclooxygenase inhibitors altered resting BFc. Neither oleic acid concentration nor solution osmolality altered the magnitude of absorptive hyperemia. After 10 min of glucose, BFc increased 36 +/- 6% with vehicle (n = 16) and 39 +/- 8% with meclofenamate (n = 10). After 10 min of oleic acid, BFc increased 21 +/- 5% with vehicle (n = 17) and 34 +/- 6% with inhibitors (n = 17). In animals exposed twice to the same concentration of oleic acid, the paired difference between the vehicle and inhibitors (19 +/- 7%; n = 9) was significant. Arachidonate alone produced no dose-related (0.06-1.9 mM) effect on BFc (n = 41), but arachidonate (0.3 mM) combined with cyclooxygenase inhibitors (6 X 10(-5) M) produced a significant BFc increase of 35 +/- 7% (n = 6). These observations suggest that the absorption of oleic acid, but not glucose, stimulates the synthesis of a vasoactive metabolite of arachidonate. The mechanism for the differential effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors is unknown but could involve nonprostaglandin metabolites of arachidonate, such as lipoxygenase or cytochrome P-450 products.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To test the hypothesis that changes in tissue osmolality participate in glucose-induced absorptive hyperemia, the mucosa of the rat jejunum was suffused with isotonic or hypertonic glucose solutions and it is unlikely that hyperosmolality participates in the functional hyperemies associated with glucose absorption.
Abstract: To test the hypothesis that changes in tissue osmolality participate in glucose-induced absorptive hyperemia, the mucosa of the rat jejunum was suffused with isotonic or hypertonic glucose solutions. Blood flow was calculated from the product of a constant, arteriolar diameter, and red blood cell velocity, which were measured in the submucosal microcirculation. Isotonic glucose solutions (293 +/- 2 mosmol/kg) were prepared by diluting 5, 10, or 20 ml of 5% glucose, which is isotonic with plasma, to 100 ml with Ringer-bicarbonate buffer to concentrations of 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/100 ml. Glucose was added directly to Ringer-bicarbonate buffer to increase osmolality. The osmolalities of the 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/100 ml hypertonic solutions were 305 +/- 3,319 +/- 3, and 353 +/- 1 mosmol/kg, respectively. Glucose caused a concentration-related increase in estimated submucosal arteriolar blood flow that averaged 18-21% (n = 14), 24-27% (n = 14), and 34-45% (n = 14) at 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/100 ml glucose, respectively. There was no effect of solution osmolality on either the time course or the magnitude of the hyperemia at a given glucose concentration. Whereas the magnitude of the glucose-induced hyperemia averaged less than 50%, the application of 10(-2) M adenosine caused a fivefold increase in calculated blood flow (492 +/- 67%, n = 24). Thus, glucose caused relatively small increases in intestinal blood flow. If changes in luminal osmolality caused changes in intestinal tissue osmolality, then it is unlikely that hyperosmolality participates in the functional hyperemia associated with glucose absorption.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Left thoracic isomerism may present as an isolated anomaly without symptoms, but the chest radiograph demonstrates characteristic right hilar findings that may be misinterpreted as a hilar mass.
Abstract: Left thoracic isomerism may present as an isolated anomaly without symptoms. The chest radiograph demonstrates characteristic right hilar findings that may be misinterpreted as a hilar mass. Computed tomography of the chest is recommended to confirm the correct diagnosis.