University of Tennessee Health Science Center

About: University of Tennessee Health Science Center is a education organization based out in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 15716 authors who have published 26884 publications receiving 1176697 citations.

Hearing loss and cognitive decline in older adults

Abstract: Background:Whetherhearinglossisindependentlyassociatedwithacceleratedcognitivedeclineinolderadults is unknown. Methods:Westudied1984olderadults(meanage,77.4 years) enrolled in the Health ABC Study, a prospective observational study begun in 1997-1998. Our baseline cohort consisted of participants without prevalent cognitive impairment (Modified Mini-Mental State Examination [3MS] score, 80) who underwent audiometric testinginyear5.Participantswerefollowedupfor6years. Hearing was defined at baseline using a pure-tone average of thresholds at 0.5 to 4 kHz in the better-hearing ear. Cognitive testing was performed in years 5, 8, 10, and11andconsistedofthe3MS(measuringglobalfunction) and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (measuring executive function). Incident cognitive impairment was definedasa3MSscoreoflessthan80oradeclinein3MS score of more than 5 points from baseline. Mixedeffects regression and Cox proportional hazards regression models were adjusted for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: In total, 1162 individuals with baseline hearing loss (pure-tone average 25 dB) had annual rates of declinein3MSandDigitSymbolSubstitutiontestscoresthat were41%and32%greater,respectively,thanthoseamong individuals with normal hearing. On the 3MS, the annual score changes were 0.65 (95% CI, 0.73 to 0.56) vs 0.46(95%CI,0.55to0.36)pointsperyear(P=.004). On the Digit Symbol Substitution test, the annual score changes were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.94 to 0.73) vs 0.63 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.51) points per year (P=.02). Comparedtothosewithnormalhearing,individualswithhearing loss at baseline had a 24% (hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.05-1.48) increased risk for incident cognitive impairment. Rates of cognitive decline and the risk for incident cognitiveimpairmentwerelinearlyassociatedwiththeseverity of an individual’s baseline hearing loss.

Prostate Cancer, Version 2.2019, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology

Abstract: The NCCN Guidelines for Prostate Cancer include recommendations regarding diagnosis, risk stratification and workup, treatment options for localized disease, and management of recurrent and advanced disease for clinicians who treat patients with prostate cancer. The portions of the guidelines included herein focus on the roles of germline and somatic genetic testing, risk stratification with nomograms and tumor multigene molecular testing, androgen deprivation therapy, secondary hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy in patients with prostate cancer.

Elevated aortic pulse wave velocity, a marker of arterial stiffness, predicts cardiovascular events in well-functioning older adults.

Abstract: Background— Aging results in vascular stiffening and an increase in the velocity of the pressure wave as it travels down the aorta. Increased aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) has been associated with mortality in clinical but not general populations. The objective of this investigation was to determine whether aPWV is associated with total and cardiovascular (CV) mortality and CV events in a community-dwelling sample of older adults. Methods and Results— aPWV was measured at baseline in 2488 participants from the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. Vital status, cause of death and coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and congestive heart failure were determined from medical records. Over 4.6 years, 265 deaths occurred, 111 as a result of cardiovascular causes. There were 341 CHD events, 94 stroke events, and 181 cases of congestive heart failure. Results are presented by quartiles because of a threshold effect between the first and second aPWV quartiles. Higher aPWV was associated wit...