Showing papers by "University of Texas at Arlington published in 1979"
TL;DR: Although exposure to inescapable shocks induced analgesia in rats, the analgesia was not manifest 24 hours later, and a brief reexposure to shock had an analgesic effect only if the rats had been shocked 24 hours previously.
Abstract: Although exposure to inescapable shocks induced analgesia in rats, the analgesia was not manifest 24 hours later. A brief reexposure to shock, however, restored the analgesia. This reexposure to shock had an analgesic effect only if the rats had been shocked 24 hours previously. Further, long-term analgesic effects depended on the controllability of the original shocks and not on shock exposure per se. Implications of these results for learned helplessness and stress-induced analgesia are discussed.
196 citations
87 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report the results of a 2 × 3 factorial experiment which measures high and low prejudice white consumers' evaluations of ads for which models' race is manipulated.
Abstract: The authors report the results of a 2 × 3 factorial experiment which measures high and low prejudice white consumers’ evaluations of ads for which models’ race is manipulated. The study disconfirms...
79 citations
60 citations
TL;DR: To evaluate physiological stress resulting from environmental influences, a haematological study of a natural population of largemouth bass was undertaken to establish a ‘normal’ blood profile.
Abstract: To evaluate physiological stress resulting from environmental influences, a haematological study of a natural population of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, was undertaken to establish a ‘normal’ blood profile. Several parameters including haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, erythrocyte count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, plasma protein concentration and glucose levels were investigated. Haematocrit, haemoglobin, and total plasma protein were positively correlated with fish length. Haemoglobin and haematocrit were positively correlated with fish age while mean corpuscular haemoglobin, concentration was negatively correlated with fish age. Both haemoglobin and haematocrit values were related to erythrocyte counts.
59 citations
TL;DR: By evoking outrage at the alleged acts of a religious group, newspaper accounts of atrocities serve to validate “evil” and thereby legitimize social control.
Abstract: By evoking outrage at the alleged acts of a religious group, newspaper accounts of atrocities serve to validate “evil” and thereby legitimize social control.
56 citations
TL;DR: Respiratory adaptation to high temperatures and hypoxia are not as well developed in C. ftuminea as other freshwater bivalve species, reflecting a more recent penetration of freshwater, and limiting its eventual distribution in North America.
53 citations
TL;DR: A field study was conducted over a 14 month period to examine goal setting as a dyadic, role making process between 46 managerial and staff employees (subordinates) and 15 officers and directors (s).
Abstract: A field study was conducted over a 14 month period to examine goal setting as a dyadic, role making process between 46 managerial and staff employees (subordinates) and 15 officers and directors (s
41 citations
TL;DR: The development of an empirical (as opposed to a theoretical, clinical-intuitive) basis for practice using experimentally derived knowledge will produce a new model of practice based upon the same interactional paradigm that governs experimental research as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The development of an empirical (as opposed to a theoretical, clinical-intuitive) basis for practice using experimentally derived knowledge will produce a new model of practice based upon the same interactional paradigm that governs experimental research. Practice will become frankly manipulative and practitioners will employ all the devices that experimenters now use to assure the internal validity of experiments—deception, control of idiosyncratic behavior, stifling of dialogue, and the repression of two-way synergistic learning. While the new paradigm may accelerate the pace and intensify the degree of behavior change, it may, in the end, bring unwanted consequences for all participants.
37 citations
36 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the annihilation rate of slow positrons with H/sub 2/ has a complex dependence on gas density and temperature, and the presence of various partial densities of Ne can dramatically affect the positron-H/sub/2/ annihilation process.
Abstract: Annihilation lifetime spectra have been measured for positrons in H/sub 2/ gas at 293, 250, and 77 K at densities in the range 5.9--429 amagat, and in H/sub 2/-Ne gas mixtures at 77 K having H/sub 2/ partial densities in the range 1.9--286 amagat and with Ne concentrations in the range 0.02--0.98. The annihilation rate of slow positrons with H/sub 2/ has a complex dependence on gas density and temperature. Particularly at low H/sub 2/ densities, the presence of various partial densities of Ne can dramatically affect the positron-H/sub 2/ annihilation process. The slow-positron annihilation rates are discussed in terms of positron-H/sub 2/ collision complexes and the self-trapping of positrons within clusters of H/sub 2/ molecules. The annihilation in H/sub 2/ of positrons bound in Ps atoms is discussed in paper II of this series.
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified psychophysical procedure was used during which the subjects were instructed to adjust the weight in a tote box to the maximum weight they could lift repetitively without excessive strain or f...
Abstract: As science and technology become more sophisticated and with the rapid computation capabilities of the modern computer available, it becomes both possible and economically feasible to scientifically study man and his interaction with his working environment. It is now possible for a person seeking employment to expect and obtain a position which will not be unnecessarily hazardous to his immediate health or have detrimental effects over the long run. Manual materials handling is the contributor of over 400,000 back injuries suffered in the U.S. each year. This research is directed at determining the appropriate operator variables to measure for predicting the permissible weight of lift for three ranges of lift: floor to knuckle height, knuckle height to shoulder height, and shoulder height to reach height. A modified psychophysical procedure was used during which the subjects were instructed to adjust the weight in a tote box to the maximum weight they could lift repetitively without excessive strain or f...
TL;DR: In this paper, a three-legged trip planning task was performed in which subjects were asked to plan a threelegged trip within a city using one of four different transit maps with respect to color coding and level of street detail.
Abstract: An experiment was performed in which subjects were asked to plan a three-legged trip within a city using one of four different transit maps. These maps were varied with respect to color coding and level of street detail. Dependent variables of interest were planning time, accuracy, perceived difficulty, frustration, and confidence. Results indicated that when street detail was high, color coding of transit routes led to greater trip planning accuracy, less perceived difficulty, less frustration and higher confidence. When color coding was absent, greater street detail led to lower trip planning accuracy, greater perceived difficulty, greater frustration and lower confidence.
TL;DR: In this paper, the total induced stresses in nickel and copper oxide thin films deposited onto copper substrates by sputtering were determined as functions of the film thickness and the initial substrate temperature.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the possibility of removing (inadvertently or intentionally) decay terms in the process of forming integral transforms, and they also consider the problem of deconvolution.
Abstract: Structural identifiability in compartmental systems deals with the map fromimpulse-response parameters to model parameters. If the data are analyzed in terms of integral transforms s k (Fourier, moments, etc.), then we may study also the map from the s k to impulse-response parameters. This paper is mainly concerned with the latter correspondence. In other words, we discuss the possibility of removing (inadvertently or intentionally) decay terms in the process of forming integral transforms.
TL;DR: In this article, total cross sections for the scattering of 2-50-eV positrons by helium and neon atoms have been measured using the time-of-flight technique, and compared with recent experimental and theoretical results.
Abstract: Total cross sections for the scattering of 2--50-eV positrons by helium and neon atoms have been measured using the time-of-flight technique, and are compared with recent experimental and theoretical results. The measurement of positron energies and the flight path length is described and possible sources of systematic errors, including the effects of small-angle forward scattering, are fully discussed.
TL;DR: Differences in cutting speed and cutting cycle cadence critical to quality sectioning with different embedments are detailed and factors important in choosing the best embedment and most appropriate section thickness as well as choosing between dry or wet sectioning methods are also considered.
Abstract: Experiments undertaken to improve the ease and quality of preparing tissue for light microscopy have resulted in methods for routine production of high quality serial paraffin and glycol methacrylate sections in the 1 to 4 micrometer range using a standard rotary microtome. These methods involve sectioning with mechanically-broken Ralph-type knives, inspected for quality before mounting with double-stick tape on a holder-fluid trough in which the ribbon floats over an immersed slide and sections are mounted by lowering the fluid level in the trough. Specimen return stroke retraction, necessary for quality sectioning of plastic or with a fluid trough, is inexpensively provided by an attachable specimen holder that fits into the rotary microtome's chuck and, actuated by the microtome mechanisms, retracts the specimen during each return stroke. Descriptions of four instruments: a mechanical breaker for Ralph knives, a knife edge inspection device, an attachable specimen retractor for rotary microtomes, and a section collecting-mounting device as well as details of their use are included. Differences in cutting speed and cutting cycle cadence critical to quality sectioning with different embedments are detailed. Factors important in choosing the best embedment and most appropriate section thickness as well as choosing between dry or wet sectioning methods are also considered.
TL;DR: A consecutive series of pseudophakic retinal detachments was statistically compared with a matched group of aphakic retina detachments to study the effects of intraoperative ophthalmoscopic examination on success in reattachment and final visual acuities.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the differential-equation model for compartmental systems is consistent with a stochastic description, and that the fractional transfer coefficients can be determined from the corresponding set of differential parameters and vice versa.
Abstract: This paper shows that the differential-equation model for compartmental systems is consistent with a stochastic description. Consequently, we may employ either a differential-equation or a stochastic formulation, either for parameter identification or for physical interpretation, as best suits the purpose. The differential-equation parameters, the so-called fractional transfer coefficients, may be determined from the corresponding set of stochastic parameters and vice versa.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between broken homes and middle-class delinquents known to the juvenile justice system and compared the findings with a recent study that focused on the relationships between broken juveniles homes and self-reported delinquency.
Abstract: This research note presents the results of an empirical study that examines the relationship between broken homes and middle-class delinquents known to the juvenile justice system and compares the findings with a recent study that focused on the relationship between broken juveniles homes and self-reported delinquency. A comparison of the two studies reveals that both studies found little or no relationship between broken homes and middle-class delinquency.
TL;DR: In this article, two extensions of the task performance model developed by Locke (36) for examining goal-setting activities in organizations are identified and developed, and a framework is proposed which considers three categories of contextual variables, the dimensions of goal setting, and the variables that moderate the performance and role stress outcomes.
Abstract: This article identifies two extensions of the task performance model developed by Locke (36) for examining goal-setting activities in organizations. The first identifies and develops the role-making function of goal-setting activities, introducing the concepts of superior-subordinate consensus and role congruence. The validity of this approach is based on previous research. The second extension considers the contextual variables that may influence the motivational and role-making functions of goal-setting activities. A framework is proposed which considers three categories of contextual variables, the dimensions of goal setting, and the variables that moderate the performance and role stress outcomes.
TL;DR: The authors examined whether social participation significantly promotes or is associated with political participation, particularly voting and attitudes supportive of it, in rural Japan, and indicated political socialization processes that may explain whatever relationship exists.
Abstract: well-established body of research points to social participation A in formal organizations and in civic events as an important concomitant of mass political participation in the United States (e.g., Verba and Nie, 1972; Olsen, 1972, 1970; Hastings, 1965, 1954; Milbrath, 1965; Erbe, 1964; Kornhauser, 1959; Berelson et al., 1954; Maccoby, 1958; Freeman and Showel, 1951). Indeed, as Verba and Nie (1972: 174) state: “A rich associational life has been considered the hallmark of American democracy.” Comparative studies affirm a similar relationship in other Western democracies (Olsen, 1974: Nie et al., 1969; Almond and Verba, 1965). However, the extent to which this pattern holds in nonWestern societies has received far less examination. The purpose of this article is, first, to determine if social participation significantly promotes or is associated with political participation, particularly voting and attitudes supportive of it, in rural Japan, and, second, to indicate political socialization processes that may explain whatever relationship exists. Japan offers an important case for comparison since it is a highly industrialized democracy whose political culture until the last three decades has been characterized as“parochiaP
TL;DR: A program is described to cover the vast majority of factor analytic requirements with nearly the same degree of ease as that afforded by use of the "little jiffy" programs.
Abstract: A program is described that answers the intermediate need for a computer procedure that can provide a reasonably sophisticated factor analysis for as many as 500 variables—a program to cover the vast majority of factor analytic requirements with nearly the same degree of ease as that afforded by use of the "little jiffy" programs.
TL;DR: Trends in both computer technology and human services that are encouraging the increasing convergence of these two fields are examined and more advanced uses of computers in mental health centers and public assistance agencies are discussed.
Abstract: This article examines trends in both computer technology and human services that are encouraging the increasing convergence of these two fields and discusses more advanced uses of computers in mental health centers and public assistance agencies. The authors also present implications for human service professionals and for education and further reserach on the subject.
TL;DR: In this paper, the modal analysis method is used for calculating marine riser time-dependent stresses, where only a limited number of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are needed, and the solution can be determined from elementary single-degree-of-freedom-type equations.
Abstract: Marine riser response calculations are usually based on finite element or finite difference methods. This paper outlines the modal analysis method as an alternate approach for calculating marine riser time-dependent stresses. An example problem shows that five natural vibration modes give acceptable convergence and engineering accuracy. Dynamic response calculations are, therefore, greatly simplified as only a limited number of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are needed. In addition, the time-dependent part of the solution can be determined from elementary single-degree-of-freedom-type equations. 9 references, 5 figures, 2 tables.
TL;DR: In this article, the course and method of in vivo behavioral treatments for a 28-year-old obsessive compulsive are described. Butler et al. used response delay, response prevention and cognitive correction as intervention methods.
TL;DR: In this paper, the annihilation rate of slow positrons bound in $o$-Ps atoms and the fraction of positrons which form Ps have been measured for gas at 293, 250, and 77 K at densities in the range 5.9-429 amagat, and for Ne gas mixtures at 77 K having 1.1-1.9 -amagat partial densities.
Abstract: The annihilation rate of positrons bound in $o$-Ps atoms and the fraction of positrons which form Ps have been measured for ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ gas at 293, 250, and 77 K at densities in the range 5.9-429 amagat, and for ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$-Ne gas mixtures at 77 K having ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ partial densities in the range 1.9-286 amagat and with Ne concentrations in the range 0.02-0.98. Large deviations from the annihilation rates expected for free $o$-Ps atoms are observed and are attributed to the formation of localized cavity states. The results obtained with ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$-Ne mixtures strongly support $o$-Ps-induced cavity formation. Complex density and temperature dependencies are observed for the Ps fraction in ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, and the addition of partial densities of Ne enhances positronium formation. The annihilation of slow positrons in ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ is discussed in paper I of this series.